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1、LOGOChapter OneGeography,People Geography,People and Language and Language ContentsGeographyIPeopleIIThe English LanguageIIIRivers and Lakesv The longest river:Severn River(354 kilometers long)v The second longest river:Thames(332 kilometers long)v The largest Lake:Lough NeaghThamesI Geographyv1.Geo
2、graphical Featurev2.Climatev3.Major CitiesMap of the UKRead the map to find:Atlantic Ocean North SeaIrish Sea The English Channel(The Channel Tunnel)The Republic of IrelandThe British Isles(不列颠群岛）不列颠群岛）Two large islands:Great BritainGreat Britain Ireland Ireland Why do some people from the UK not pr
3、efer you call them English or English man,this some times will cause them angry?Interesting Fact:No one in the UK lives more than 120 km(75 miles)from the sea.GeographyThe official title of the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland TitleandMakeupoftheUKTopographyNorthern Irelan
4、d:Its mostly hilly.Wales:Scotland:England:BenNevisinScotlandthehighestpointinUKThree political divisions on the island of Great Britain:Why people tend to use“England”and “English”when they mean“Britain”and“British”?Because its the largest,the most populous and the richest section.Capital:LondonvWha
5、t industry is most important in Scotland?Tourism.vWhat do people enjoy?Scotch whisky Kilts bagpipesCapital:EdinburghLake DistrictLake poetsI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud我好似一朵孤独的流云，That floats on high oer vales and hills,高高地飘游在山谷之上，When all at once I saw
6、 a crowd,A host,of golden daffodils水仙花;Beside the lake,beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly da
7、nce.Lake poetsThe waves beside them danced;but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft,when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inwar
8、d eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.2.ClimateMain characteristics:Temperate,with warm summers,cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features:vWinter fog vRainy daysvInstability/changeability 3.Major Cities LondonThe River Tham
9、esv the capital of England and of Great Britainv the political center of the Commonwealthv a major portv one of the worlds leading banking and financial centers.Landmarks&Symbols of London The palace of Westminster威斯敏斯特宫威斯敏斯特宫 Landmarks&Symbols of LondonWestminster Abbey威斯敏斯特大教堂威斯敏斯特大教堂 Big BenLandm
10、arks&Symbols of LondonLondon Eyev伦敦眼（英文名：伦敦眼（英文名：The London Eye），全称英），全称英国航空伦敦眼（国航空伦敦眼（The British Airways London Eye）又称千禧之轮，坐落在）又称千禧之轮，坐落在伦敦伦敦泰晤泰晤士河畔，是世界第四大摩天轮，是伦敦的地标之士河畔，是世界第四大摩天轮，是伦敦的地标之一，也是伦敦最吸引游人的观光点之一。伦敦眼一，也是伦敦最吸引游人的观光点之一。伦敦眼于于1999年年底开幕，总高度年年底开幕，总高度135米（米（443英尺）英尺）。伦敦眼共有。伦敦眼共有32个乘坐舱，全部设有空调并不能个
11、乘坐舱，全部设有空调并不能打开窗。每个乘坐舱可载客约打开窗。每个乘坐舱可载客约15名，回转速度约名，回转速度约为每秒为每秒0.26米，即一圈需时米，即一圈需时30分钟。分钟。Landmarks&Symbols of LondonSt.Pauls Cathedral圣保罗大教堂 Landmarks&Symbols of LondonHyde ParkTower of Londonv伦敦塔（英文：伦敦塔（英文：Tower of London）的官方名）的官方名称是称是“女王陛下的宫殿与城堡，伦敦塔女王陛下的宫殿与城堡，伦敦塔“，虽然，虽然将其作为宫殿居住的最后一位统治者已是几世纪将其作为宫殿居住的
12、最后一位统治者已是几世纪前的詹姆士一世（前的詹姆士一世（1566年至年至1625年）。伦敦塔年）。伦敦塔曾作为堡垒、军械库、国库、铸币厂、宫殿、天曾作为堡垒、军械库、国库、铸币厂、宫殿、天文台、避难所和监狱，特别关押上层阶级的囚犯。文台、避难所和监狱，特别关押上层阶级的囚犯。最后的这一用途产生一条短语最后的这一用途产生一条短语“sent to the Tower”，意思是，意思是“入狱入狱”。伊丽莎白一世伊丽莎白一世在她在她姐姐玛丽一世统治时曾在此入狱一段时间；伦敦姐姐玛丽一世统治时曾在此入狱一段时间；伦敦塔最后一次作为监狱使用是在第二次世界大战期塔最后一次作为监狱使用是在第二次世界大战期间，
13、关押鲁道夫间，关押鲁道夫赫斯。赫斯。1988年被列为世界年被列为世界文化文化遗产遗产。Landmarks&Symbols of LondonTower BridgeBuckingham Palace白金汉宫白金汉宫 Major CitiesEdinburgh vCapital of Scotlandvadministrative,financial,legal,medical and insurance center of Scotlandvbeautiful scenery vrenowned architectureLandmarks&Symbols of EdinburghEdinbur
14、gh CastlePalace of Holyroodv荷里路德宫（荷里路德宫（Palace of Holyroodhouse）和荷里路德公园位于皇家哩大道的另一端点，荷和荷里路德公园位于皇家哩大道的另一端点，荷里路德宫目前仍是英女王来到苏格兰的皇室住所，里路德宫目前仍是英女王来到苏格兰的皇室住所，荷里路德宫是詹姆斯五世于荷里路德宫是詹姆斯五世于1498年所建。荷里路年所建。荷里路德宫的前身是荷里路德修道院德宫的前身是荷里路德修道院(Holy Rood Abbey)，目前仍从有部分遗迹在宫殿中。荷里，目前仍从有部分遗迹在宫殿中。荷里路德宫历史上曾发生许多事件，其中最有名的就路德宫历史上曾发生许
15、多事件，其中最有名的就是苏格兰玛丽女王是苏格兰玛丽女王(Queen Mary)，玛丽女王号，玛丽女王号称当时最美丽的女人，三度结婚后不久在叛变中称当时最美丽的女人，三度结婚后不久在叛变中失掉王位，最后因图谋英格兰王位被处死。荷里失掉王位，最后因图谋英格兰王位被处死。荷里路德公园也值得一看，路德公园也值得一看，爱丁堡艺术节爱丁堡艺术节有时也在此有时也在此举行露天演出。举行露天演出。Major CitiesCardiff v Europes youngest capital cityvhas been the capital city of Wales for around 50 yearsvho
16、me to an enormous amount of urban regeneration and restoration vhas recently become one of the most fashionable cities in the United Kingdom.Landmarks&Symbols of CardiffCardiff City HallLandmarks&Symbols of CardiffMillennium Stadium卡迪夫千年球场 千禧大球场 千禧年体育场;球场;体育馆;千年体育场CardiffCastleMajor CitiesBelfast Ci
17、ty HallvthesecondlargestcityvcapitalofNorthernIrelandvanimportanthistoriccityLandmarks&Symbols of BelfastBelfast Castle II People Overall population:over 60 millionsDistribution:vEngland:about50millionvScotland:over5millionvWales:around3millionvNorthernIreland:about1.7millionEthnicityvThe majority o
18、f this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons vMost people in Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celtic people vThe Irish people were also Celtic in originvimmigrants Percentage of total UK Population Ethinc Groups of totalvWhite British 85.7%vWhite Irish 1.2%vWhite(other)5.3%vMixed r
19、ace 1.2%vIndian 1.8%vPakistani 1.3%vBengali 0.5%vOther Asian(non-Chinese)0.4%vBlack Caribbean 1.0%vBlack African 0.8%v Black(others)0.2%vChinese 0.4%vOther 0.4%III The English Languagev1.Old Englishv2.Middle Englishv3.Modern English v4.Standard English1.Old English(5th 11th)Language of Angle-SaxonsI
20、nfluenced byOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsDanishwordsBeowulfThe most famous work from the OldEnglish period is the epic poem”Beowulf”(approximately AD 900)Hwt!We Gar-Dena in geardagum,eodcyninga,rym gefrunon,hu a elingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum2.Middle English(11th 15th)Status Fr
21、ench replaced English as the official language,and English became the Language of lower classbigporksheepmuttoncattlebeefDevelopment English increased in importance after the Black DeathThe Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集 written by Geofery Chaucer,14 the centuryWhan that Aprill,with his shoures soote The d
22、roghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed every veyne in swich licour,Of which vertu engendred is the flour;Geoffrey Chaucer3.Modern English(15th)vThe printing pressbrought standardization of EnglishvSamuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingvRenaissanceassimilated f
23、oreign words throughout the Renaissance vThe Industrial Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideasvThe rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languagesOthelloby William Shakespeare 1603La:Tho in the
24、 trade of warre,I haue flaine men,Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience.To doe no contriud murrher;I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice:nine or ten times,I had thought to haue ierkd him here,Vnder the ribbes.Oth.:Tis better as it is.Which can be translated as:La:Though in the trade of war
25、I have slain man,Yet do I hold it very stuff o the conscience.To do no contrived murder:I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service:nine or tem times I had thought to have yerkd him here under the ribs.Othello:Tis better as it is.Shakespeare4.Standard English vbased on the speech of the upper class of southeastern Englandvadopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media valso called as Queens English or BBC English vbased on the London dialectvbecoming a universal Lingua Francathe world languageLOGO