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1、Guide to English-Speaking Guide to English-Speaking Guide to English-Speaking Guide to English-Speaking CountriesCountriesCountriesCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况The United The United Kingdom of Great Kingdom of Great Britain and Britain and Northern IrelandNorthern IrelandChapter 5 Education,Media and Holida
2、y The United Kingdom of Great The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandBritain and Northern Ireland英英语语国国家家概概况况 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Holidays an
3、d Festivals Education MediaIIIIIICONTENT Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries EducationI Educational Policy Educational System Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressFore
4、ign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Educational PolicyvBefore 1870,education was voluntary and schools were set up by the church.v20th century later on,government take responsibility for education.Foreign Language Teaching
5、 and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Educational PolicyvCompulsory education:ages of 5 and 16v Free education.(since 1944)vComprehensive schools introduced in the 1960svNational Curriculum introduced
6、in 1988 vSubjects:mathematics,English,science,geography,technology,music,art,physical education,a foreign language.Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Educational PolicyvFour
7、 stages:Primary:5-11secondary:11-16further education-16 Two more years in preparation for higher educationhigher education-18 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Educational
8、Systemvprimary and Secondary EducationvHigher EducationvFamous Universities Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Primary and Secondary EducationvTwo parallel school system:Sta
9、te system94%(Free to all children between 516 years old)Independent system Public schools 6%Independent tuition feesIndependent curriculum Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries
10、 Pre-schoolingBefore primary schooling some children have an opportunity to attend the few kindergartens,which are called“Nursery Schools”.Primary and Secondary Education Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking Eng
11、lish-Speaking CountriesCountries vstate system11-year compulsory education5-11:primary schools 11-16:secondary schools(comprehensive schools:literature and science,cooking and carpentry)State SystemPrimary and Secondary Education Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching
12、and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vState Schools They are funded by local and central governments (Free to all children between the ages of 516)v Independent schools Independent schools:fees are required 2500 independent schools in Britain,in
13、cluding Eton and Winchester A privilege for the richBetter fundedBetter teachersBetter facilitiesBetter chance to enter famous universitiesTwo Systems Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking Countr
14、iesCountries Eton College Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vHarrow 哈罗公学：哈罗公学：丘吉尔、拜伦的母校，丘吉尔、拜伦的母校，约旦国王侯赛因、印度前总理尼赫鲁也曾在这约旦国王侯赛因、印度前总理尼赫鲁也曾在这里就学。里就学。vEton,伊顿公学，也是英国昔日殖民地上层社伊顿公
15、学，也是英国昔日殖民地上层社会家庭孩子入学的首选学校，从印度王子到阿会家庭孩子入学的首选学校，从印度王子到阿拉伯王子，大家都以入学伊顿为骄傲。拉伯王子，大家都以入学伊顿为骄傲。v伊顿公学被称为伊顿公学被称为“精英的摇篮精英的摇篮”，先后出，先后出过过20位英国首相。在各国名流眼中，能把小位英国首相。在各国名流眼中，能把小孩送到伊顿公学就代表了地位和身份，因此连孩送到伊顿公学就代表了地位和身份，因此连英国切尔西足球俱乐部老板阿布拉莫维奇，也英国切尔西足球俱乐部老板阿布拉莫维奇，也在拼命为孩子申请入学伊顿公学。在拼命为孩子申请入学伊顿公学。Independent Systemprimary and
16、 Secondary Education Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries v6 percent of all British childrenvHigh fees:7 000 per termvA privilege for the richBetter fundedBetter teachersBette
17、r facilitiesBetter chance to enter famous universitiesIndependent Systemprimary and Secondary Education Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Co-educated Schools vState primary
18、 schools admit both boys and girls(aged from 5 to 11).These schools are called co-educational or mixed schools.Academic Yearv Begins in September,and is divided into three terms,with holidays at Christmas,Easter,and in the summer.Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching
19、and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Secondary Educationv The children begin secondary education at the age of 11.v Types of secondary schoolsv Examinations Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research Press
20、A Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Types of Secondary Schoolsv Independent and public Schools Independent schools are also confusingly called public schools.Independent schools are funded through the private sector,tuition fees and minimal government assistance
21、.Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Examinations v GCSE:General Certificate of Secondary Education普通中等教育普通中等教育证书 v A-levels:General Certificate of Education-Advanced Level普通
22、教育高普通教育高级证书 v GNVQ:General National Vocational Qualifications国家通用国家通用职业资格格证书 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Further EducationvAt 16:National examination，GCSE(General Cer
23、tificate of Secondary Education),to leave or to continuev“sixth form”(2 years):3 or 4 subjectsvA-levels(General Certificate of EducationAdvanced)for universities admittances(academic)GNVQ(General National Vocational Qualification)for vocational training Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressFo
24、reign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries British Educational SystemPrimary School 5-11Secondary School 11-16(GCSE)Sixth Form School 16-18(A-levels)University or College of Higher EducationVocational Training Begin working Beg
25、in Working Begin Working Begin Working Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Primary and Secondary EducationState SystemIndependent SystemFeeFree of chargeHigh tuitionEnrollmen
26、t93%of children7%of children FacilitiessuperiorStaffbetterStudents FutureMore likely to be accepted by famous universities Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vD.Higher Educa
27、tionvBritish higher education has a long history.vThere are five types in higher education:v1)old universities were Established in 12th and 13th:vOxford and Cambridge，they can be called Oxbridge.It is a term used to refer to the two most famous higher education institutions in Britain.Foreign Langua
28、ge Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 2)four Scottish universities They had been founded in Scotland before it was united with England to become part of the United Kingdom.They were St.Andre
29、ws(1411),Glasgow(1450),Aberdeen(1495)and Edinburgh(1583)3)the middle-aged universities:were founded in 1830-1930.Durham University,it was the first one after Oxbridge.4)the new universities:universities or university colleges sprang up after the Second World War in not-long-large,but not-too-small i
30、ndustrial towns.All the students have to pay fees and living costs,but they can receive a personal grant apart from the very rich,from the local authority of the place where hey live.Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-
31、Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 5)the Opened Universities:The Open Universities was established in 1969 and it has two principle means of communicating with its students:BBC radio and Television programs and its own national network of tutors and counselors(顾问).vMost of those who fail t
32、o gain entry to a university go on to some other form higher education.Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries U.KS largest university for part-time higher education It was found
33、ed in 1969 and began its first course in 1970.No requirement for any formal educational qualifications It is open to everybody.Courses are taught through TV,radio,videos and a network of study centersOpen University Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research P
34、ressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Open University By TV,radio,correspondence,video,network No education qualification University degree variety of people Higher Education(Cont.)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Resea
35、rch PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Higher Educationv History and types of universityv Famous universities Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking Cou
36、ntriesCountries History of Universityv 12th and 13th centuries:Oxford and Cambridgev 14th and 15th centuries:four Scottish universities of St.Andrews,Glasgow,Edinburgh and Aberdeenv 19th and 20th centuries:other universitiesv After the Second World War:new universities Foreign Language Teaching and
37、Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries v The only independent university:Buckingham University BPP Universityv British universities have relative academic and management freedom.Foreign Language Teaching and
38、 Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Higher EducationvRecruitment based on:Grades of A-levelsSchool references InterviewvMostly funded by central government grantsExcept The University of Buckingham Forei
39、gn Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries DegreesBachelors Degree 学士学位学士学位Masters Degree 硕士学位硕士学位Doctors Degree 博士学位博士学位 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Tea
40、ching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Higher EducationvLong history:vUniversity of Oxford:in 1167vUniversity of Cambridge:1231 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to Engl
41、ish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries v The University of Buckingham is the only privately-financed university in UK.vstudents can finish 3 years courses in two years.v its curriculum changes according to market demands.Higher Education(Cont.)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressFo
42、reign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Q.Whats the difference between time range required for degrees in British higher education system and that of Chinese higher education system?Degrees AwardedTime range required in UKTi
43、me range required in ChinaB.A./B.S.M.A./M.S.Doctoral degree Higher Education(Cont.)3 years4 years1 or 2 years2 or 3 years3 to 5 years3 to 5 years Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCo
44、untries Famous Universities Top 10 Britain University in 2012University of Cambridge 剑桥大学University of Oxford 牛津大学London School of Economics 伦敦政治经济学院 Imperial College(London)帝国学院（伦敦）University College London 伦敦大学学院Durham University 杜伦大学University of St.Andrews 圣安德鲁斯大学University of Bristol 布里斯托大学 Uni
45、versity of Warwick 华威大学 Lancaster University 兰卡斯特大学University Of Exeter 埃克塞特大学 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries MediaII Newspapers Television and Broadcast Foreign Languag
46、e Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Media vMedia functions in UK:vShape the public opinionvDetermine peoples moral and political orientation vConsolidate or undermine the rule of the govern
47、ment Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Media:NewspapersvThe Observer,first appeared in 1791,is the worlds oldest national newspaper.vThe Times,first published in 1785,is Br
48、itains oldest daily newspaper.Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vII The Press,Radio,Television and News v 1.The press vThe British press has a long history.The earliest kno
49、wn printed newspaper in Britain was published in 1513.vA.Papers:Newspapers play an important role in British life,more newspapers are sold in Britain in any other country.v a.Daily Paper:the national dailiesv a)The Times(circulation more than 390323，发行量行量39万多份万多份)vb)The Guardian(circulation more tha
50、n 418026)v c)Daily Telegraph(circulation more than 1000000),it is very close to being an organ of Conservative Party(保守党保守党)v b.Sunday paper v c.Evening Paper v d.provincial Paper Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Spe