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1、Chapter 1 Culture1.Defining Culture Culture refers to the total way of living of particular groups of people.It includes everything that a group of people think,say,do and make.Culture is a whole collection of our living patterns and behaviors.2.Metaphors of Culture3.Characteristics of Culture4.Subc
2、ulture and CocultureChapter 2 Communication1.Defining Communication the process in which participants create and share information with one another as they move toward reaching mutual understanding.2.A Model of CommunicationSection B Reading:CommunicationChannelNoiseCommunicator BDecodingResponseRec
3、eiver/SenderEncodingChannelFeedback/Message Message/FeedbackCommunicator AEncodingSender/ReceiverResponseDecodingNoiseCommunication contextChapter 3 Intercultural Communication4.Elements of Intercultural Communication1)perception variables:beliefs,attitudes,values and worldviews 2)verbal process:An
4、individuals culture shapes the meaning of a verbal message.3)nonverbal process:body language,time and space,etc.4)contexts:business,education and health careChapter 4 Kluckhohn and Strodtbecks modelWhat is value?A principle,standard,or quality considered worthwhile or desirableKluckhohn and Strodbec
5、ks Model Range of ValuesHuman natureBasically goodMixture of good and evilBasically evilRelationship between humans and natureHumans dominateHarmonyNature dominateRelationship between humans IndividualGroup orientedCollateralPreferred personalityDoingGrowingBeingTime orientationFuture orientedPresen
6、t orientedPast orientedChapter 5 Hofstedes Cultural DimensionsIndividualism vs.CollectivismComparison of the major characteristics of individualism and collectivism Power DistanceThe degree to which the culture accepts the unequal distribution of powerCultures with a high power distance index:accept
7、 inequality;vertical and hierarchical;authoritarian-style communication Cultures with a low power distance index:more horizontal;fighting for equal treatment and questioning authority Mexico;North America;children raised in high-power distance cultures and low-power distance culturesChapter 5 Hofste
8、des Cultural DimensionsUncertainty Avoidance norms,values and beliefs related to the toleration of ambiguity.Cultures with a high uncertainty avoidance index:Cultures with a low uncertainty avoidance index:Masculinity vs.FemininityMasculine cultures:rigid gender roles,esteem achievement,success,mone
9、y,self-relianceFeminine cultures:fluid gender roles,appreciate affection,compassion,interpersonal relationships,responsibility and nurture Chapter 6 Halls Culture Context Model modelA Brief Introduction to Edward Hallanthropologistthe father of intercultural communicationhigh-context culture and low
10、-context culture In high context cultures:much information is implied in the context,little is provided in the verbal message itselfIn low context cultures:the majority of the information is contained in the verbal code,and the message is stated clearly and explicitlyChapter 6 Halls Culture Context
11、Model modelCommunication Styles Background informationFace concernsNonverbal codesIn-groups and Out-groupsOrientation to TimeChapter 7 Cultural Connotation in Language Languagea set of codes and symbols,along with the rules for combining them with together.Language and CultureThe Tower of Babel /Sap
12、ir-Whorf HypothesisCultural ConnotationsCategories of Cultural Connotations1)cC=cE2)cCCE3)cC=0,cE 0 or cC 0,cE=0Chapter 8 Norms of Social Interaction Confusion and frustration in the intercultural communicationthe way in which they speak and the way which they interact with the native speakersAddres
13、sing GreetingsSaying GoodbyeExpressing Gratitude and ThanksChapter 9 Body Language KinesicsKinesic behaviors gestures,head movements,facial expressions,eye behaviors,and other physical movements that can be used to communicateEmblemsIllustratorsAffect DisplaysRegulatorsAdaptors Chapter 10 Time chron
14、emicsthe study of how people use,structure,interpret,and understand timeTime OrientationsTime SystemsTechnical or scientific time systemsFormal time systemsInformal time systemsA monochronic time system A polychronic time systemChapter 11 Space ProxemicsTerritoryTerritorialityA set of behaviors that
15、 people display to show that they“own”or have the right to control the use of a particular geographic area.Cultural differences in territoriality can be exhibited in three waysPersonal spacethe portable territory with invisible boundaries that expand or contract depending on the situation.Four spati
16、al zones or distance rangesChapter 12 Ethnocentrism and Stereotypes EthnocentrismWhat is ethnocentrism?How does ethnocentrism impede intercultural communication?How can ethnocentrism be overcome?StereotypesWhat are stereotypesWhy are stereotypes pervasive?What are positive and negative stereotypes?How do stereotypes hamper intercultural communication?How can we go beyond stereotypes?