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1、-_外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳一、时态一、时态 1.1.一般现在时一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually 通常, often 常常, every每, sometimes 有时，always 总是,”等词。 (2)基本结构: 主语 I / You / We / They /He / She / It 肯定句肯定句：主语+ 动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式否定句否定句：主语+ dont + 动词原形 或者 doesnt + 动原 一般疑问句一般疑问句(Yes/No) Do ? Yes, I do. No,I dont.Does(
2、动词原形)? Yes,he/she does. No,he/she doesnt.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 What do ? How does she(动词原形)? (3) 动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同) 1 一般情况 +s 如:walk-walks2. 辅音字母+y 结尾 去 y +ies fly-flies 3. 结尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches 4. 结尾是 0 +es do-does, go-goes 5. 特殊 have-has 2 2现在进行时现在进行时(1)表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now 现在, look 看，linsen
3、 听”. (2)基本形式: be + 动词-ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. -_What are you doing? Is he reading? (3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing) 一般情况 +ing walkwalking 结尾是不发音的 e -e + ing comecoming 重读闭音节 双写最后一个字母+ing swim-swimming run-running 3.3. 一般过去时一般过去时 (1) 表示过去已经发生的事
4、情,通常用 “last 上一个, just now 刚才, many years ago 许多年前， yesterday 昨天”等词。 (2) be 动词的过去式: am/iswas arewere (3)过去式基本结构 肯定句肯定句：主语+ 动词过去式 I went shopping last night.否定句否定句：主语 + didnt + 动词原形I didnt go shopping last night. 一般疑问句一般疑问句(Yes/No) Did + 动词原形?Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句(wh-) What did+ 动
5、词原形?What did you do last night? (4)动词过去式的变化: 规则动词的变化: (1)一般动词 +ed planted,watered,climbed(2) 以不发音的 e 结尾 +d liked tied(3)辅音字母加 y 结尾 -y+ ied studystudied, cry- cried -_(4)重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字双写最后一个字母+edplan planned stop stopped 不规则动词的变化不规则动词的变化: : 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 am /is was are were go went do did f
6、ind found buy bought eat ate feel felt drink drankteach taught take took read readgive gave have had put put sing sang drive drove meet metcut cut begin began make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw run ran ride rodecome came draw drew sit sat tell told learn learnt get gotcarry carried stud
7、y studied4.4.一般将来时一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与 tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连用。 结构:be going to +动词原形或 will +动词原形 例如:Im going to visit my grandpa next week. -_二、人称代词二、人称代词 主格 I we you he she it they宾格 me us you him her it them形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers i
8、ts theris (注:介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。) 三、可数名词的复数形式三、可数名词的复数形式 1.一般名词: + s book books 2.辅音字母加 y 结尾: - y+ ies storystories 3.以 s, x，sh, ch ，结尾: + es glassglasses; a watch-watches 以 o 结尾:1)有生命的 +es potato-potatoes 2) 无生命的 +s photo-photoes4.以 f 或 fe 结尾: - f 或 fe 变为 ves knife knives; shelf-shelves5.特殊
9、的名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,四、不可数名词四、不可数名词( (没有复数形式没有复数形式) ) bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee 五、缩略形式五、缩略形式 -_Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes
10、 = he is hasnt = he has(got) its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not didnt=did notwerent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let usIll=I will 六、六、a.a. anan .the.the 的用法的用法 1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach， a “U” 单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg， an hour， an “F” 2.the 要注意的:球类前面不加 the，play football 乐器前面要加 the，pl
11、ay the piano 序数词前面要加 the, the second 七、介词七、介词 1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under2.表示时间: (1)at : 几点前面用 at 如:at six oclock, 没有 day 的节日前用 at 如 :at Christmas, 固定词组 at the weekends ，at night (2)on: 用于星期，日期，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时) on Sunday 在星期天 on Sunday morning
12、在星期天的上午 on March 8 在 3月 8 日; 带有 Day 的节日前用 on 如: on National Day (3)in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用 in:in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ， 月份前用 in ，如 in December ;季节前用 in ，如 winter;年份前用 in，如 in 1999 八、基数词变成序数词的方法八、基数词变成序数词的方法 -_1. 直接在基数词词尾加上 th。如:seventh 第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以 y 结尾的基数词，变 y 为 i
13、，再加上 eth。如:twentieth 第二十。 3.不规则的。如:first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。 4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如 twenty-first 第二十一。 九、some /any 的用法 1.肯定句中用 some:I have some toys in my bedroom.2.问句和否定句中用 any:Do you have any brothers or sisters? He hasnt got any pencils in his penc
14、il-case. 3.询问想要什么时用 some:Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps? 十、十、 therethere bebe 结构结构 1.肯定句(有): There is +单数或不可数名词 There are +复数 注:遵循就近原则，看靠 there be 最近的 2.一般疑问句(有吗,):Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt. Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent. 3.否定句(没有): There isnt . There
15、 arent. 4.there be 句型与 have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 十一、祈使句十一、祈使句 SitSit downdown please. Dont openopen the door, please. Lets gogo to the park. -_(注:祈使句中动词用原形) 十二、十二、( (情态情态) )动词动词can,can, may,may, must,must, should,should, willwill 后面直接用动词原形。 1. I / He / She / They can si
16、ng. May I come in? I must go now. 2. You should be quiet in the library. 3. Youll be good friends. 十四、特殊疑问句十四、特殊疑问句 1.What1.What 什么什么( (问什么事,什么物或什么工作等)What are you doing, Im reading. What did you do yesterday? I played basketball.What are you going to do? Im going to do homework. What is that? Its a
17、 book. What does he/she do? Shes a nurse.WhatWhat timetime is it? Its seven. 2.2. WhatWhat colourcolour 问颜色问颜色What colour is your coat? Its red. 3.whenwhen 什么时候什么时候When do you get up? I get up at six thirty. When is your birthday? Its on the 21st of December. 4.Which4.Which 哪一个哪一个 Which is your watc
18、h, the yellow one or the white one? The yellow is mine. -_5.Who5.Who 谁谁Who is the man with a big nose? Hes my uncle.6.Whose6.Whose 谁的谁的 Whose bag is it? Its his bag. 7.Where7.Where 哪里哪里Where is my pen? Its under the book. 8.Why8.Why 为什么为什么 Why do you like summer? BecauseBecause 9.How9.How manymany 多
19、少多少How many books are there in the school bag? There are four books in the school bag.10. HowHow oldold 几岁几岁 How old is the young man? Hes nineteen. 11.How.How muchmuch 多少钱多少钱How much is the toy bear? Its eleven yuanyuan. 12.How12.How 怎么样（怎么样（How long/ big/tall？）How do you go to school everyday? I g
20、o to school by car.How long is the river? Its 10 miles long. 十五十五. .已经学过的动词已经学过的动词 say help know lost live read run take listen talk see draw jump sing dance want make buy help give climb visit get answerlearn take fly have cook phonewash sing go eat tell travelcome fall find ride carry like -_swim pass play skip watch flyopen put meet wait send need take wear catch use feel smell shout work put take get bring speak sit down stand up find out turn right turn left go straight go to school