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1、2016考研英语真题&答案【完整版】新东方在线Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the followingtext. Choosethe best word(s)for each numbered blankandmark A , B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It mayinvolve not only his parents and his fri
2、ends, _1_ those of the young woman, but alsoa matchmaker. A young man can _2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask hisparents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young mansparents may make thechoice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection.4, a girl may veto thespouseher pare
3、ntshave chosen.5aspousehas been selected,eachfamilyinvestigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days,_ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer as ands
4、hort sermon and_8_prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony the brides wrists, andsgroom a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife 1012 with them up to a year,13parents and maythey can build a new housenearby.and easy to 14, butnot common. DivorcedDivorceis legalpersonsare1715 with some
5、disapproval. Each sprouse retains16property he or she intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis18equally.Divorced malegenderpersonsmayprejudiceremarry,19up:The divorcedbut adoesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must waitten months.1 .Aby way ofBon behalf ofCas well asDwi
6、th regard toBprovide forCcompete with Ddecide on2.Aadapt toDpostponeBrenew3.AcloseCarrangeDFor exampleBln theory4.AAbove allCln timeDUnlessCAfterBLest5.AAlthoughDthroughBwithinCfrom6.Ainto7.AsinceDsoBbutCorCrecite8.AcopyBtestDcreateBpilingDtyingCwrapping9.AvoidingDserving10.ApassingBlightingChidingD
7、unionCassociation11.AmeetingBcollectionDliveCdealAgrow12.BpartDfor13.BuntilAwhereasCifCchallenge14.BfollowAobtainDavoidDexposedAisolated15.BpersuadedCviewed16.AwhateverDwhereverBhoweverCwhenever17.AchangedBbroughtCshapedDpushed18.AwithdrawnBinvestedCdonatedDdivided19 . Abreaks Bwarms Cshows Dclears2
8、0 .Aso Bwhile Conce Din thatText 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-th
9、inmodelson runaways.The parliamentalso agreedtobanwebsites that “ incite excessive thinness “ by promotingextreme dieting. Suchmeasures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggestbeauty shouldnot be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That s a start. And the ban on ultra-thinmodel
10、s seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some havedone. It tells the fashion industry that it musttake responsibility for the signal it sends women, especiallyteenage girls, about thesocial tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if
11、 fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that theyshould not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint thatpeople should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather thandieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French mea
12、sures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to changea culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law,usinga fashionmodelthatdoesnot meeta government-definedindex ofbodymass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it h
13、as an inherent problem infocusing on materialStates,anda fewidealizedandbodytypes.lnDenmark,thellnitedadommentfashioncountries,otheritistryingtostandardsformodelsandsetvoluntaryimages that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions, Denmarks fashion industryagreed last
14、 monthcharacteristicsotherandsanctionsoftheage,health,andregarding on rulesmodels. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charterclearly states: We areaware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on bodyThe charter s main tool of enforcement is toideals, especially on y
15、oung people.Fashion Weekto Copenhagenmodelingdeny access fordesigners andagencies(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionlnstitute.Butingeneralitr elieson a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of bodyideals may be the best step. Even bett
16、er would be to help elevate notions of beautybeyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?ANew runways would be constructed.BPhysical beauty would be redefined.CWebsites about dieting would thrive.DThe fashion industry would
17、 decline.22. The phrase “ impinging on” (Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning toAheightening the value of.Bindicating the state of.Closing faith in.Ddoing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?ANew standards are being set in Denmark.BThe French measures have already fail
18、ed.CModels are no longer under peer pressure.Dlts inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW forApursuing perfect physical conditions.Bcaring too much about models character.Cshowing little concern for health factors.Dsetting a high age threshold for mode
19、ls.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?AA Challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body IdealsBA Dilemma for the Starving Models in FranceCJust Another Round of Struggle for BeautyDThe Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2Forthe firsttimeinhistorymorepeoplelive intowns thani
20、nthecountry. In rate“ BritonsshowhashadthethisBritainacuriousresult.Whilepolls countrysidealongsidetheHealthroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNational thishas(NHS)asServicewhatlimitedmakesoftheirthemproudestc ountry,political support.A centuryagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrust not to rescue stylish”
21、It washouses but to save “ the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.toprovidewherespacesspecificallyforleisuretheycitydwellerswit hcouldexperience a refreshing air. Hills pressures later led to the creation of nationalanymore,countrysidemakeandevery yearparksand greenbelts.Theydon tconcrete
22、 consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.developmentprioritygivesplanningreformexplicitlyruralTheConservativesover conservation, even authorizing u off-plan w building where local people might has beensust
23、ainabledefined asprofitable.conceptdevelopmentofTheobject.localwantswhereplanninglikewiseLabourtocouncilsopposedisc ontinuedevelopment. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Conservativel
24、ocalProtectCampaigntoRuralEngland struckterrorintomany parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, agentstownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.The Londonin citiesand theinhousesforhalf amillionStirlingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesLondon area alone, w
25、ith no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.is pure lobby talk.concreted meadows n “ The idea thathousing crisis“ equals uThe issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-buil
26、d against urban renovationand renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is nota free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always theirbuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectsgrow. They doso best wherecharacter. We do not ruin urban conser
27、vation areas. Why ruin rural ones?isBritainNetherlands,letshouldDevelopmentbeplanned,notrip. A fterthe s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning hasEuropeenabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-densityofalternativecorrupted thelandscapes
28、the oubtis no living.urbanTheredofsouthern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.s public sentiment about the countryside 26. Britain tstart till the Shakespearean age.AdidnBhas brought much benefit to the NHS.Cis
29、 fully backed by the royal family.Dis not well reflected in politics.now2,to27. Accordingtheare theof achievementsTrustNationalParagraphbeingAgradually destroyed.Beffectively reinforced.Clargely overshadowed.Dproperly protected.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3? 28.ALabour is u
30、nder attack for opposing development, building. u BThe Conservatives may abandon off-plan vCThe Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.DUkip may gain from its support for rural conservation.s preference 29. The author holds that George OsborneAhighlights his firm stand against lobby pressu
31、re.Bshows his disregard for the character of rural areas.Cstresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.Dreveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciationofAthe size of population in Britain.Bthe political life in todays Britain.Cthe en
32、viable urban lifestyle in Britain.Dthe town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“ There is one and only one social responsibility of business,n wrote Miltonis, to use its Nobelprize-winningeconomist “ ThatresourcesFriedman,a andengage in activities to increase its profits.designedBut even if youac
33、ceptFiedman s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as awaste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutelyclear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies - at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms is America
34、 and Britain together spend more than $15 billion ayear on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could addvalue to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as as products are of high quality.Second, customers may bethat a company asignalto theto d
35、onateas an companywilling to buy a s productsindirect way goodcauses is helps. And third, through a more diffuse whereby its goodhalo effect, deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects becauseconsumers can be a
36、ffected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate themby looking at bribery prosecutions under Americas Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a companys products aspart of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.Th
37、e studyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysisruled out the possibility that it was firms political influence, rather than their CSRstand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to politica
38、lcampaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludesthat whereas prosecutorsshould only evaluateacase based on its merits, they do seen to influenced by acompanys record in CSR. We estimatethat either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasingc
39、orporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generallyare 40% lower than the typical異楮棒敬礫映牯散械槽柿映牯機湧漠晦援犍懈尬says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer thequestion of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies arebanking on the halo
40、 effect, rather than the other possible benefits,whenthey demonstratedhaveleastdecideButpolicies.do-goodingtheiratthatwhencompanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of goodcharacter can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedmans statement about CSR with tolerance
41、Askepticism Buncertainty CDapproval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a companyAl winning trust from consumers.B guarding it against malpractices.C protecting it from being defamed.D raising the quality of its products.33.Theexpression more lenient (Line 2, Para. 4)is closestin meaning toAl mor
42、e effective.B less controversial.less severe. Cmore lasting.DWhen prosecutors evaluate a case, a companys CSR record 34.Al has an impact on their decision.B comes across as reliable evidence.Cincreases the chance of being penalized.D constitutes part of the investigation. 35. Which of the following
43、is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph ?Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.BThenecessaryamount of companiesspending on it is unknown.C Companies financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated. Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.DText 4There will eventually come
44、 a day when The New York Timescases to publish storieson newsprint.Exactly whenthat day will be is a matterofdebate.u Sometime in the future “ the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ,there s plenty ofincentive to ditch print .The infrastructur
45、e required to make a physical newspapers-printing presses .delivery truck -isnt just expensive ;itsexcessive at a time whenonline-only competition dont have the same set financial constraints . Readers are migrating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their onlineand mobile
46、counterparts revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its printeditor would be a mistake ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting of the print business, only iftheyrightawayacceleratethattoFig
47、uringoutawayitdoingthegoabout ” transition would make sense for them “ he said, “ but if you discontinue it, youre滔潼?潴集癡?流牵浑獲?渾想?含璞涪彷?敲污桎性獰媪眠瑩?流?Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives example of Netflix awas seen asfocuson streaming.ItdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingservice to inblunder, he said.The move turned outAndto befor