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1、It的用法讲与练讲义it是一个很活跃的词，是代词学习的重点、难点。在高中教科书和高考试卷中，it出现 的频率很高(特别是在阅读材料中)，意义也很广泛。首先我们来看看近几年高考题中有 关it的内容。1. If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.2. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.3. It is not surprising that young people are likely
2、to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.4. As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champions arent made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.”5. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isnt always easy.6. More students than ever befor
3、e are taking a gap year (间隔年) before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.7. It seemed that something clicked with the girls between Saturday and Sunday.8. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger.下面结合教科书中的典型例句从七个方面对it的用法进行简要的归纳和总结，以帮助
4、同学们更好地学习和掌握it的用法。1 .用来指代时间、天气、距离、地点、自然环境等。如：(1) It is toward the end of the nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in Alaska.(2) It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.(3) It is pouring with rain and cab whistles are blowing in all direc
5、tions.(4) Its approximately four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.2 .用来指代人，说明做某事的人或某人的身份或指代一个不知其性别的人。如:It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.3 .指代前面提到的一件东西或一件事情。如：(1) By the time California elected to b
6、ecome the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.(2) It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space.(3) Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.4 .泛指一般情况或在某些结构中用作无具体意义的主语。如：(1) .if we hadnJt taken
7、it easy, .(2) Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.(3) Thirdly, it would be a good idea if.(4) It was all my fault. I didnt know whether I could survive until morning.(5) It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.(6) Suddenly it hit me how difficu
8、lt it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.5 .用作形式主语或形式宾语，指代一个由不定式、动名词短语或是从句表示的主语， 目的是使原来的这些主语位于句后，防止句子前大后小，头重脚轻。如：(1) It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.(2) It is possible to “read” others arou
9、nd us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.(3) We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!(4) However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand year
10、s ago.特别提示：it指代从句的几种常见句型。(1) It seems (happened, appeared, turned out) +that如:It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves, shelves and narrow passages with my underwater flashlight.(2) It is (was) /seems (seemed) + adj. +that.如： But it was evident that
11、 ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bond one began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. f) It seems amazing that at my age I am
12、still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.能用于这种句型的形容词常常是 strange, natural, surprising, obvious, true, good, wonderful, funny, fortunate, clear, unusual 等。(3) It is (was) + 名词(词组)+ that (how)如：It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitor
13、s.能用于这一句型的名词词组还有a shame, an honor, a wonder, a good thing, good news 等。(4) It is ( was/ has been.) + 过去分词+ that 如： For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion
14、, is the father of the Manchu people. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, .能用于这一句型的过去分词还有announced, decided, said, hoped, expected, told, suggested 等。6.用来引导强调结构。it引导的强调结构句型是It + is (was) +被强调局部+ tha
15、t (who, whom) +其他。如:(1) It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.(2) It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. Her guests had seen everything !(3) . it was the building of the rail network from the west to the
16、east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.(4) It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.(5) Its in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the
17、team sports.(6) However, it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale.在这一句型中要注意几点：it不可以用this或that替代。 假设被强调局部是人，引导词可以是who(假设被强调局部的人是作宾语,也可用whom) 或that,除此之外，引导词一律用that,不可以用when, where等。如：It was Jack who broke the window.It
18、was in Sydney that the 27th Olympic Games were held.It was in March 2003 that the Iraq War broke out.特别提醒：要注意区别强调句与带有it的时间或地点的句型。请看以下句子：It was in Waterloo Napoleon was completely defeated.It was Waterloo Napoleon was completely defeated.这两个句子之间只有一词之差，但空格处要填入的词却不相同。前一空应填that,后 一空要填whereo前者是强调句，因为在去掉强
19、调局部It was.that之后，这个句子仍然 成立即“Napoleon was completely defeated in Waterloo. 而后者在去掉 It was.where 后 去I不行，不能说 Napoleon was completely defeated Waterloo0又如：It is usually in January or in February that we celebrate Spring Festival.It is usually January or February when we celebrate Spring Festival.7.常见的由it
20、引导的时间句型。如：It is (was) + the first (second, third.) time + that.这一句型表示一种时间经历。关于这个句型的考点是：that从句中的动词时态形式。正 确的形式是：It is . that +现在完成时；It was. that +过去完成时 如：(1) It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.(2) . it was the first time in a year and a half that Td seen the night face to face. 说明：
21、这里的it也可以由this或that替代。八、巩固性练习语法填空One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 11 (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it： neither too much 12 too li
22、ttle.His son looked surprised. ul can understand why shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, I3 not save a bit of money? ”That would be a very 14 (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours, Nick said.Nicks guest, I5 had heard their conversation,
23、asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt 16 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 17 the sweat and struggle of the man wh
24、o worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing couldnt 18 (possible) destroy a village.M“In the beginning, there was only 19 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always20 (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.