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1、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句-介词+关系代词（专项突破）限制性定语从句-解析【教学目标】能准确理解定语从句的定义、构成；关系代词和关系副词的区别【教学重点】定语从句关系代词的选用【教学难点】在复合句中，能正确识别定语从句，并区别其他从句【教学内容一】什么是定语:对名词进行补充，说明，进行修饰或限定。初中常见六种定语：（-）形容词作名词的前置定语：1. an honest student.2. a wonderful day.3. an exciting activity.（二）形容词作复合不定代词：1. I want to go to somewhere interesting.2. Is
2、 there anything else?3. Do you know anyone humorous?（三）介词作名词的后置定语：1. The man in black is my father.2. The girl from Chengdu in my class is my best female friend.3. The woman with a pair of glasses is our math teacher.（四）todo不定式做作名词的后置定语：1. Beijing is one of the most popular cities to visit in China.
3、2. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.（五）动词的非谓语形式作名词的后置定语：1. He is （he only student coming from Hong Kong.2. Do you know the man sitting next to Mike?3. She is my best friend called Lisa.注意：在复合句中，动词的非谓语三种形式来做名词的后置定语。三种形式：（-）： V-ing,与前面名词主动关系（二）：V-ed,与前面名词被动关系（三）:Todo不定式，与前面名词关系（表将来或表目
4、的）（六）定语从句作名词的后置定语：定语从句的本质一从句相当于一个形容词，作名词的后置定语定语从句的判定：在复合句中，确定主句，区分从句所缺成分（主语，宾语，定语），再根 据先行词是人或事物，选择正确的从句引导词。关系代词的选用分类关系词所指代的先行词在从句中的成分who人主语、宾语（可省略）关系代词whom人宾语（可省略）which物主语、宾语（可省略）that人或物主语、宾语（可省略）Whose （谁的二adj）whose后必须是名词人或物定语关系副词when状语从句不缺成分时间状语where状语从句不缺成分地点状语why状语从句不缺成分原因状语例题分析：1 .从句缺主语:The buil
5、ding which/【hai is being built will be used as a hospital.2 .从句缺宾语：Thank you for the gift that/which you bought for me.3 . 从句缺定语：I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.注意：定语从句与动词的非谓语作名词的后置定语的重要关系：从句缺主语的定语从句与非 谓语都是作名词（先行词）的后置定语，可以相互转换。例句定语从句Do you know that woman who is standing under the tree. 变为非
6、谓语：Do you know that woman standing under the tree.非谓语表主 动Jake is the only student coming from Chengdu.变为定语从句-Jack is the only student who comes from Chengdu.非谓语表被 动The birthday held yesterday is really exciting.变为定语从句-The birthday that/which was held yesterday is really exciting.非谓语表将 来The meeting t
7、o be held tomorrow is very important.变为定语从句The meeting that/which is to be held tomorrow is very important.通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：(1)先行词为 all, much, something, everything, nothing, little* none, the one 等不定代 词时。That is all that I want to say.【典例】Is that all?Yes. Thats allI want to take.(2)先行词被序数
8、词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时， 只能用that,而不用which.oHe was the first person that passed the exam.This is the most wonderful film that I have seen.Look at (he apples. You can see the two that you gave me.(3)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为防止重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is crying?(4)先行词被 the only, the very, (he
9、 same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用 that,而不用 whichoThis is the same bike that I lost.Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.(5)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that,而不用which。We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.1 can remember well the persons and some pictures that i saw
10、 in the room.(6)先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。Its a book that will help you a lot.(7)主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用ihat,而不用which4.There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.3.关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况：(1)先行词为 that, those Hl,用 which,而不用 that。Whats that which is under the desk?(2)关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that。Thi
11、s is the room in which he lives.(3)引导非限制性定语从句，用which (which用逗号隔开，指代前面整个句子的内容或 意思，前面不一定有先行词，也不是修饰前面的先行词)，而不用ihai。Tom came back, which made us excited.课堂练习11. It was in this school name he will never forget he won the speakingcompetition about how the army and rescue workers made joint efforts to retu
12、rn the earthquake disaster area to normal.A. whose; (hat B. where; that C. whose; where D. (hat; that2. All made possible for China to succeed in carrying out its open and reform policy.A. that happened; itB. what happened; itC. whai happened; thatD. that happened; that3. What surprised me most was
13、not what he said but he said it.A.the way whichB.in the way that C.in the wayD.the way4. Marylives in theroom ,the door openseast.A.Of itB.of whichC.of whatD.whose5. We went （o Mountain Tai last weekend, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when答案：1-5： AADBB课堂练习21. What
14、are you doing?一Im reading a book tells the history of Japan.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. where2. What arc you doing?一Im reading the book you lent me last week.A. thatB. whoC. whatD. where3. I heard that Lisas mother passed away.一Yes, she is a great woman have raised six children in her family.A. whoB. wh
15、omC. whichD. /4. In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.And another example is F2F stands for face to face.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. itAfter Mandela was free （自由的）in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people wanted to kill him.A. whoseB. whichC. /D. who5. He always forgets to do his homework he needs
16、to finish on time. A .whatB. whomC. that6. Did you travel anywhere this vacation?Yes. I went to visit a temple was built hundreds of years ago.A. whereB. whatC. that7. This is the best show I have seen so far.A. whenB. whatC. that8. The man sits next to us is my physics teacher.A. whomB. whichC. who
17、9. You are talented young adults are full of hope for the future.答案：1-5： AAAAD1 . whichB. whenC. whoD. where6-10： CCCCC非限制性定语从句-介词+关系代词-解析【教学目标】定语从句【教学重点】非限制性定语从句中关系词的选择；【教学难点】限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；as和which引导的定语从句。【进门得分】考点 1) The sharks followed the warm currents may have changed northward duringthis
18、period.考点 2) The letter that I opened it wasn t for me.考点 3) The road construction is based on the agreement, one of purposes is (o ensure itscompletion on time.【教学内容】教学引入：区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句？例句 I) They told me they had just arrived at the last destination that you went to last year.例句 2) What sets h
19、uman beings apart from animals is not (he pursuit of happiness but the pursuit of meaning, which is unique to humans.【教学内容一：非限制性定语从句知识概况】一、定义：非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明，删去非限制 性定语从句，主句的意思仍是概念清晰、结构完整的.二、关系词:who, whom, which, whose, as, when where, that 和 why 不可用于引导非 限制性定语从句，从句之前要用逗号。1、先行词指人，那么用.2、先
20、行词指物，要用.3、先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用 或者引导。【教学内容二：非限制性定语从句的使用情况】2 .关系代词指代整个主句时，使用非限制性定语从句。1): You did a lot for me, for which I was grateful.2): The Diaoyu Island belongs to China, as is known to us.3): A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.3 .领先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名地名
21、等专有名词时，使用非限制性定语从 句。1): China, which is my motherland, is developing fast.2): Eason, who was a pop star, got married last year.3): Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held.4 .领先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属(son, daughler等)时，使用非限制性定语从句。1): He has a daughter, who is studying in London.2): T
22、his is my teacher, who has something to tell you.【教学内容三：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别】1、形式不同：限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而 非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。2 .功能不同1)：限制性定语从句用于2)：而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。-People who take physical exercise live longer.一His daughter, who is in Boston now, is comin
23、g home next week.3 .翻译不同1)限制性定语从句2)非限制性定语从句-He is the man whose car was stolen.-Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat.4 .含义不同比拟下面的两个句子：-1 have a sister who is a doctor.-1 have a sister, who is a doctor.5.先行词不同1）限制性定语从句的先行词只能是.2）非限制性定语从句的先行词那么可以是,也可以是;另外, 领先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用.Peter dr
24、ove too fast, which was dangerous.-He changed his mind, which made me very angry.Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week.-Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad.6.关系词不同1）关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，不用于2）在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词【及时训练1】1. They talked for a
25、bout an hour of incidents, most of them happened recently.2. That day, what I am looking forwards to, is around the corner.3. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.4. She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit
26、.A. whichB. whoC. as D. thatLike anything, it is possible to have too much of both， is not good for the health.5. In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.6. But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants
27、to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.7. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.8. They went farther north into the deep
28、 forests of Canada there were fewer humans around.9. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.【教学内容四：as和which引导的定语从句】（一）相同点：都可以在定语从句中做 语、语或 语，代表前面整个句子.（二）不同点：1、位置,as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之、主句之甚至还可以分割主句。Eg: As is
29、 known to all, China is a developing country, which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主高之o2、意义：as译为：常考固定搭配.which这一点，这件事；表事实、状态、起因、转折、让步等；当后置的非限定性定语从句是否认结构时，也只能用which引导。Eg: Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.3、先行词：as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一.4、be动词能否省略:which后的be动词；而as后
30、的be动词。5、介词+关系代词(介宾代物)中关系代词只能用which。Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.【及时训练2】1. He has made as much progress is enough for him to be admitted to Fudan University.A.as B. that C. what D. which2. The beginning of the story is excellent,is (he ending, leaves us much to think.A.
31、 as; which B. so; that C.as; that D. such; which3. It rained very hard yesterday,prevented me from going to the school.A. (hat B. it C. as D. which4. The salesman produced all sorts of handbags, but none of met Lindas requirements.5. 1 told the teacher Id like to take part in the competition, , howe
32、ver, made the whole class burst into laughter.【过手练习】1. My eldest son,work takes him all over the world, is in New York at (he moment.2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,the weather may be better.3. It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ag
33、o with its winding streets and pretty cottages.4. The boss of (he company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoytheir work.5. The books on the desk,covers are shiny, are prizes for us.【拓展训练】一语法填空If you only got six hours shut eye last night, there is no need (i) (lose )sleep over
34、 it.Scientists say that though it is (2) (wide) believed that we need eight hours of sleep a night, six to seven hours is the natural amount.Advising short-sleepers to rest easy, the US researchers say, (3) (have)importantimplications (暗示，含义)for the idea that we need to take sleeping pills because s
35、leep has Been reduced from (4) (it) natural level by (he widespread use of electricity, TV, the Internet and so on.The lead author of a study, Ghandi, said: Theres the (5) (expect) that we should all be sleeping for eight or nine hours a night, and if we took away modern technology, we would be slee
36、ping more. But now, for the first time, we are showing thats not (6) truth.Most of those (7) were studied slept for less than seven hours a night, with the average amount just six hours and 25 minutes. This is much less than the eight hours often (8) (recommend) in western societies.Despite this, th
37、e people studied were in good health, (9) lower rates of obesity (肥胖 症)，better blood pressure and (10) (healthy) hearts than people in industrialized societies. They were also fitter.【单句语法】考点 I) She says that she 11 never forget the time shes spent working as a secretary in our company.考点 2) Like an
38、ything, it is possible to have too much of both，is not good for the health. 考点 3) One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【课后作业】一短文改错Im on holiday in the Switzerland with my parents. We stayed in a hotel near a lake. I can see mountains from my bedroom win
39、dow.This is the first time Ive paid a visit the country. What beautiful its scenery is ! We go camping in the mounlains and always go with a guide, for its safer. We can easily get lose in the remote mountains. Yesterday we went for a boat trip around the lake. At first, we enjoyed us very much, and
40、 half an hour later, we had to stop our trip. It started to rain so heavy that we couldnt even see the shore. We had great funs but we were a bit frightening!参考答案：【进门得分】考点1) that / which 考点2)去掉it 关系代词that替代先行词the letter,在定语 从句中作open的宾语，故将多余的it去掉。考点 3) whose教学引入：区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句？例句1)句子分析：他们告诉我，他们刚刚
41、到达了最后一个目的地，这个地方是你去年 去过的。该句中含有一个定语从句,先行词为destination,关系词在从句中作went to的宾 语：先行词被“the last”修饰，故只能用that引导该定语从句。例句2)句子分析：不是对幸福的追求而是对生命意义的追求才使得人类与动物不同， 这是人类独有的特征。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话的内容。【及时训练1】1 .themwhich 2.whatwhich 3. where9.where 10. who4.A5. which 6.which 7.who 8.when【及时训练2】AAD;vhich;which【过手练习】1 .w
42、hose 2.when 3.which 4.where【拓展训练】一语法填空l.to lose2.widely3.has6.the7.who8. Recommended【单句语法】考点 1 ) which / that考点 2) which考点 3) where 改为 when,【课后作业】5.whose4.its5. expectation9.withlO.healthier第一行 去掉 Switzerland 前的 the； stayed 改成 stay, 第二行visit后加to；第四行lose改成lost；第三行 What改成How；第五行 us 改成ourselves； and改成but； 第六行heavy改成heavily； funs改成fun； 第七行 frightening 改成 frightened