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1、Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS第一局部听力（略）第二局部阅读（共两节，总分值50分）第一节（共15小题；每题2.5分，总分值37.5分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最正确选项。AIF you can dream - Science & Ideas Festivallaunches schools poetry competitionScience Oxford is proud to be supporting this years IF Oxford festival and the IF Oxfordshire schools poetry co
2、mpetition especially. The competition invites young people aged 5-16 to hand in a poem on any science topic.The poem can be in any poetry style you like. It doesnt have to rhyme （押韵），but your poem needs to be under 150 words and about science. It could be about a scientific idea or discovery; a scie
3、nce lesson or a scientific problem that is important to you; a famous scientist, or just why you love science!The competition is open to any child at primary or secondary school, or home- schooled in Oxfordshire, and will be judged （评为J） in three age categories （类另U）:School Years 1-2School Years 3-6
4、School Years 7-11There are lots of prizes on offer. The winning entrant （参赛者）in each age category will receive a copy of The Lost Words by Robert Macfarlane and Jackie Morris.The classes of the winners of the two primary school categories will win a half-day science show or workshop presented by our
5、 amazing education outreach team. The class of the winner of the secondary age category will win a tour of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.The winners and runners-up （亚军）in all three age categories will have the chance to perform their poem at a special event at the new IF Science and Ideas Festi
6、val over the weekend of October 16/17.C. surprisedD. sure第二节(共10小题；每题1.5分，总分值15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。As a surfer (冲浪运发动)，Jon Rose has personal ties to the surfing communities of New York and New Jersey 56.(strike) hardest by Hurricane Sandy. When he learned a friends restaurant had been
7、destroyed by the storm, he chose 57.(bring) his clean water organization, Waves For Water, to help with recovery efforts. In an interview, he shared his disaster relief plan and the most satisfying part of his experience.“As we were getting more information from 58. (difference) communities up and d
8、own the coastline, I considered 59.(develop) a plan that could be used in each community. I made a three-step plan for addressing this disaster. I wrote it out, put it on our site, and . within a weeks time, we 60.(have) support coming in.”“The first step is distributing (分酉己)supplies. I have storeh
9、ouses in New York and New Jersey 61.were able to receive things. Then we set up relief centers where we would give out supplies/5“The second step is clearing debris. Youre either cleaning out houses, or people have already cleaned out 62.(they) houses and you9re trying to clean away the rubbish.”“Th
10、e third step is rebuilding. Weve got 10 sites that were rebuilding but we still have a large amount of work to do. We almost have 63.(much) work now than we did six months ago.”“Theres always 64.sense of achievement when youre able to change someones state. There5s an obvious physical change; you lo
11、ok 65.somebody and go J Wow, you look 20 years younger; youre back on your feet.5,9第四局部写作（共两节，总分值40分）第一节（总分值15分）假定你是李华，上周五你校举办了主题为“预防森林火灾”的校园活动。请你 为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：1 .参加人员；2 .活动内容：观看短片、制作黑板报;3 .活动反响。注意：写作词数应为80左右。第二节（总分值25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整 的短文。“Why did Dads job make us move to South
12、 America anyway?” I asked Mom. “The TV shows are in Spanish and I miss going to school. The worst part is that I dont have any friends here. All of the kids speak Spanish.”“I know its hard, sweetheart. Tm lonely here too,“ Mom said.“Its hard to make friends when I cant talk to anybody.”Mom hugged （拥
13、抱）me. Well only be living here for eight more months.”At that moment, eight months sounded like forever. A few days later, Dad said that a man at his work had a daughter my age. Would you like to invite her over to play?”“Does she speak English?”“No J Dad said, “but I can teach you a few Spanish wor
14、ds so the two of you can talk a little bit”I shrugged （耸肩）.Its hard to be friends with someone when you cant really talk to them.”Dad nodded. I understand, but you wished fbr a friend/9“I mean a friend who speaks English/5“I know, but this might be fun anyway. Im going to ask her dad to bring her ov
15、erto our house.”The following afternoon, Maria and her dad came over. I felt funny because I didnt know how wed play together without being able to talk to one another.“Hola,“ I said quietly, which means “hi” in Spanish.Maria smiled and said something I didnt understand. I looked at Dad and whispere
16、d氐声说），This isnt going to work.”“Give it a chance J he said.Then Maria showed me a cardboard box. Shed brought a game called Connect Four.Dad smiled. You dont need to speak the same language to play that game.”Maria and I went to my bedroom and set up the game. We took turns putting the colored disks
17、 （圆片）into the board, trying to get four in a row. Suddenly Maria smiled and pointed at the four red pieces in a row.I smiled and said, You won. Good game.” 注意：1 .续写词数应为150左右；2 .请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Although Im sure Maria didnt understand my words, I could tell she understood my smile. As we were both laugh
18、ing, I realized that although we spoke different languages, rd actually made a friend.参考答案听力（略）21-25 CBDDD31-35 DBBCA41-45 CCBAD26-30 BDBCA36-40 GDEFB46-50 CABCD51-55 ABDCB56. struck 57. to bring 58. different56. struck 57. to bring 58. different61. which / that62. their63. mor e59. developing64. a6
19、0. had65. at写作第一节One possible version:Last Friday, our school held an activity about forest fire prevention. Over 500 teachers and students took part.First, we watched several short videos about how forest fires start, how dangerous they can be and what to do to prevent them. Then, each class design
20、ed their own blackboard newspaper showing the dangers of forest fires and actions we should take in our daily life to prevent forest fires.The students thought the activity was meaningful because it let them realize forest fires can be deadly but they can do something to prevent and control them.第二节
21、One possible version:Although Im sure Maria didn ft understand my words, I could tell she understood my smile. When we were done playing the game, Maria pointed at the paints on my desk. She said something in Spanish, but I knew what she meant. I pointed at each color and told her the English words
22、for them. After that, we took turns pointing at things in my room and saying the word for each thing, and I learned the Spanish words for those things. Maria made a face when I held up my math book. I laughed.As we were both laughing, I realized that although we spoke different languages, rd actuall
23、y made a friend. That night, I thanked Dad for inviting Maria to our house. “We had fun and I learned a little bit of Spanish/91 said. I asked Dad to help me work on my Spanish so I could talk with Maria when she came over next time. While I still missed my friends in Indiana, I knew the next eight
24、months were going to be a lot more fun with Maria around.局部解析阅读第一节A篇主题语境：人与自我生活与学习本文是应用文。文章为一那么诗歌竞赛通知。21. C。细节理解题。由第二段中的 your poem needs to be under 150 words and about science可知，参赛诗歌作品得少于150词。22. Bo 细节理解题。由第一段中的 The competition invites young people aged 5-16 to hand in a poem on any science topic 及
25、第三段中的 The competition is open to any child at primary or secondary school, or home-schooled in Oxfordshire 可知，该诗歌 竞赛面向五到十六岁的学生。23. Do 细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的 The class of the winner of the secondary age category will win a tour of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 可知，中学年龄段冠 军的班级可以参观卢瑟福阿普尔顿实验室(Rutherford App
26、leton Laboratory)o 补充说明：卢瑟福阿普尔顿实验室是一个多学科、综合性的大型国家实验室，位于英国的牛 津郡，它的历史可以追溯到1921年。B篇主题语境：人与自然灾害防范本文是记叙文。文章描述了主人公Lang在海啸中逃生的经历。24. Do 细节理解题。由第一段中的 Lang was on the island of Ko Phi Phi, just south of Phuket, Thailand, shopping on Main Street with her friend Rubina Wong, when suddenly everything changed可知，
27、海啸发生时，Lang正和朋友逛街购物。25. Do 细节理解题。由第二段中的 she noticed water racing into the island, but so strong and fast that she could no longer lift her feet to run 可矢口， 涌向岛上的水流很 急、水力太大，Lang根本跑不动。26. Bo 推理判断题。由第三段中的 Lang was stuck underwater between debris with the surface just above her face 和 The more I struggle
28、d, the tighter I was stuck. I could not reach the surface可知，Lang被困在了水里，无法动弹。blackout暂时失去知 觉；昏厥。27. Do 细节理解题。由最后一段中的 She pulled herself onto a floating door and could see that the whole island was flooded and a lot of buildings were gone 及 She encouraged herself to climb over floating objects to the
29、balcony of the house 可知, Lang利用水中的漂流物支撑着自己，最终她爬到不远处一座房子的阳台上，脱 离了危险。C篇主题语境：人与自然灾害防范本文是新闻报道。文章描述了尼泊尔地震后的救援工作。28. Bo词义猜想题。本句中的This指代上文中的search for survivors through the ruins o 由本句中的 since it can take many hours to safely dig survivors, often in need of immediate medical care, out of the ruins可知，救援队需要花
30、好长时间才能把幸 存者从废墟中安全救出来。结合下文中救援队救助Khanal的不易过程可推断， tough在此应该表示“困难的，不容易的”。29. Co 推理判断题。由第三段中 Akhilesh Shrestha 所说的 What made his survival so unusual was that after the first three days, there was little chance of finding survivors 可知，在Akhilesh Shrestha看来，地震三天后，找到幸存者的可能性微乎其 微。Khanal能活下来简直是个奇迹。30. Ao 细节理解题
31、。由第五段中的 19 people were killed when an avalanche caused by the earthquake hit hundreds of tents at base camp 可知，地震引发珠穆朗玛峰雪 崩，许多基地大本营被埋,造成19人死亡。31. Do推理判断题。由最后一段的描述可知，直升机每次只能运送四五名受伤 者，而且只能在珠穆朗玛峰上短暂停留，这使得救援工作变得困难。但是，最终 所有的伤者都被成功营救。也就是说，救援工作虽然充满挑战，但圆满完成了。 touch down着陆，降落。主题语境：人与自然灾害防范本文是说明文。发生于1883年的喀拉喀
32、托火山爆发产生了有史以来最大的 响声。32. B。写作目的题。文章首句提到喀拉喀托火山爆发产生了有史以来最大的响声。 由第段匚卜的 It sent sound waves around the world four times and could be heard 3,000 miles away on the island of Rodrigues . the same as Californians hearing a noise made in New York 及 In Western Australia, 2,000 miles away, people thought war ha
33、d erupted可知，喀拉喀托火山爆发时，声波随着火山物质喷涌而出，传到3,000英 里外的罗德里格斯岛，人们以为在放炮；与此同时，2,000英里外的西澳大利亚 州也为之震憾，人们以为战争爆发了。由此可知，作者提到罗德里格斯岛和西澳 大利亚州是为了说明喀拉喀托火山爆发时的响声之巨大。take . to be误以 为是。33. Bo 细节理解题。由第二段中的 The sound was so powerful that it ruptured the eardrums of people working on a British ship 40 miles from the eruption
34、可知， 喀拉 喀托火山爆发时的声波将离岛40英里的英国船员的鼓膜震裂了。34. C o 细节理解题。由第四段中的 In the year following the eruption, the average temperature around the world fell by 1.2 degrees Celsius ( ), and the earth remained unusually cool for about five more years 可知，喀拉喀托火山爆发后第二 年，全球平均气温下降了 1.2摄氏度。35. Ao主旨大意题。全文共分为五个段落：第一、二段讲述喀拉喀托火山
35、爆发产 生了剧烈的响声；第三、四段讲述喀拉喀托火山爆发的灾害影响；最后一段讲述 喀拉喀托之子火山的再次喷发。因此，本文主要介绍喀拉喀托火山爆发。A项表 示“历史上响声最大的火山爆发”，符合文意，且突出了关于喀拉喀托火山爆发的 世界之最。第二节主题语境：人与自然灾害防范本文是说明文。文章讲述了如何防范自然灾害。36. Go 空前的 These events 指代上文中的 hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U. S., earthquakes in Mexico, and monsoons in southern Asia。下文讲述的是人们应 如何应
36、对自然灾害。所有选项中，只有G项符合语境。G项中的They指代上文 中的 These events, They also brought 顺接上文 These events brought damage to communities oDo空前讲述的是面对即将发生的自然灾害，可以提前做些准备。结合空后的 When faced with those situations, what should you do to stay safe? How can you be better prepared?及下段中的during an emergency可知，本空所讲内容与“突发的自 然灾害”相关，应选
37、D项。37. Eo空前提到了生存技能；空后讲述有突发情况时，你根本来不及查阅书籍了 解生存技能。由This is because可知，空后内容对本空作进一步解释，应选E项。 E 项中的 These skills 指代上文中的 Practical survival skillsoFo 由本段中的 But when fear runs unchecked, a person may make dangerous choices. It takes practice to learn to stay calm in frightening situations, but it can be done
38、可知，本段讲述在紧急情况下应保持冷静、不要过度恐惧，因此，F项作本 段的主旨句最恰当，且Staying calm与下文中的stay calm为原词复现关系。本 段中的unchecked意为“不受抑制的，未加拘束的”。38. Bo本段讨论自然灾害发生时，人们应该原地等待救援还是自己寻求救援。结 合本段中的 That depends on a lot of things, especially where you are 及 If you think youre not going to be able to survive where you are, youre better off tryi
39、ng to move toward where there are other people 可知，B 项符合语境。B 项中的 It also depends on 顺接上文中的 That depends on a lot of things, especially where you are, It 指代 上文中的 Is it best to wait in place for help or search for help。be better off doing sth.最好做某事。语言运用第一节主题语境：人与自我生活本文是记叙文。舞蹈老师廖智在汶川地震中失去了双腿，但她坚强乐观、戴 着义
40、肢坚持跳舞。39. Co 42. Co结合廖智当时的处境及本句中的heard the search and rescue team 0 but she didn,t have the energy可知，此处表示廖智听到救援人员在“寻找(looking for) ”她,但她没有力气“回应(answer)Bo 由上文中的 Then she heard her father calling her name 及下文中的 She made it out alive可知，听到父亲在喊自己的名字，廖智心想，自己一定要活着，“看到 (see)“父亲。43. Ao本句中的but与下文中的prosthetic
41、limbs说明廖智虽然活了下来，但她“失 去了(lost) ”家、女儿还有自己的双腿。44. Do下文中的How are you still laughing at this point可提示在医院里廖智忍着 失去双腿的疼痛，与其他病人说笑。joked (开玩笑)符合语境。45. Co 由上文中的 She made it out alive after being trapped for 30 hours 及本句中 的still可知，尽管廖智失去了很多，但她庆幸自己还能活着，应选alive。此处属 于原词复现。46. Ao由上文的描述可知，廖智在地震中失去了双腿。再结合上文中的a dancer
42、 及下文中的get on the stage one more time可知，此处表示有人问廖智是否还想继 续跳舞，again符合语境。47. Bo 上文中的 she was still in recovery, but that did not stop her determination 说 明廖智还想再次登台跳舞，应选wanted。此处的wanted to get on the stage与上文 中的 wanted to take up dancing 同义。48. Co由下文中的It was common to be in so much pain可知，从截肢到接受治疗， 再到适应义肢
43、，这个过程很不容易，difficult符合语境。49. Do 由本句的 After seeing many patients couldnt adjust to their prosthetic legs 及下文中的 In the end, she . decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted 可知，起初,廖 智没打算安装义肢。由此可推断，她应该打算选择坐轮椅，应选chose。50. Ao 52. Bo 由廖智的处境及下文中的 In the end, she decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted可知,在没安装义肢前
44、，廖智去哪儿都需要人”推着(carried) ”,这 让她觉得很不“自由(freedom) ”。53. Do由本句中的decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted可知，廖智最终决定安装 义肢，这样，她就可以自由行动了。也就是说，她想独立，不想“依靠(depend on) ”任何人。54. Co由本段中的I was that close to giving up many times可知，此处表示人们在 面对困境时，很容易绝望，应选hope。55. Bo 由上文中的 Today, she can be seen dancing and rock-climbing
45、 可知，失去双 腿的廖智没有放弃跳舞，靠着义肢继续着她的梦想。如今，她不仅能够继续跳舞， 还能攀岩。由此可知，此处表示她很庆幸自己在困难面前没有选择放弃，设空处 所填词应该与“庆幸”具有相同或相近的含义，应选glado第二节主题语境：人与社会社会服务本文是记叙文。冲浪运发动Jon Rose致力于复兴受飓风桑迪袭击的地区。56. struck。考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰the surfing communities of New York and New Jersey,由空后的 by Hurricane Sandy 可知，strike 与 the surfing communit
46、ies of New York and New Jersey 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 struck oto bringo考查动词不定式作宾语的用法。choose to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。57. differento考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰communities,表示“不同的，故填 形容词 differentodevelopingo考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。consider doing sth.意为“考虑做 某事”。58. hado考查一般过去时。由本句中的I wrote it out, put it on our site可知，此处 表示过去的情况，应用一般过
47、去时，故填had。59. which/thato考查关系词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰storehouses,且在 从句中作主语，故填which / thatotheiro考查代词。设空处修饰houses,表示“他们的,故填their。60. more。考查比拟级。由空后的than we did six months ago可知，此处应用much 的比拟级moreoao考杳不定冠词。a sense of achievement意为“成就感”。61. ato考查介词。由本段中的Wow, you look 20 years younger可知，设空处所在 局部表示“你看着某个人。故填介词at。句
48、中的go意为“说工The closing date for entries is April 20. To find out more information visit IF- Oxford .21. Which of the following is a requirement for the poem for the competition?A. It has to rhyme.B. It has to be written in four lines.C. It has to be less than 150 words.D. It has to discuss a single scientific idea.22. Children who want to enter the competition must.A. study at secondary schoolbe between 5-16 years oldB. be home-schooled in Oxfordshirehand in their poem before October 1723. What will the class of the winn