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1、专题十五 简单句、并列句和反意疑问句一、简单句简单句是指只包含一个主谓结构，而且句子的各个成分都只是单词和短语。也就是说，如果 一个句子里出现两个或更多并列的主语共同使用一个谓语，或一个主语后面接两个或多个并 列的谓语，或者两个主语后面接两个谓语，我们都应视其为简单句。Not only Tom but also his two sisters take great interest in piano.不仅汤姆，而且他的两个姐 姐也对钢琴感兴趣。The man got up, put on his coat, hurried downstairs and run out into the str
2、eet. 那个人起床，穿上大 衣，匆匆忙忙下了楼，跑到了街上。二、并列句并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连 在一起，但有时不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. 在 射门前他迟疑了一下，要不然的话，他就进了一球。He came to my class every week, but his attitude suggested he was not really i
3、nterested in the subject.每周他都会来上我的课，但从他的态度中我知道他对这门课程并不是真的感兴趣。 三、反意疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所表达的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方 加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一局部是一个陈述句，后一局部是一个简单问句。 完成后一局部简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提 问，前后两局部的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一局部用肯定式，后一局部一般用否 定式；反之，前一局部为否认式，后一局部要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否认，前否认后肯定Your brother has gone to th
4、e library, hasnft he?你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗？He was a lazy child, and he didnt pass the exam, did he?他是一个懒孩子,他没能通过考试, 是吗？This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isnt it?这是他第二次去日本，是吗？在近几年的高考试题中对简单句、并列句和反意疑问句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面： 一、简单句.考查简单句中的并列成分Tired and hungry, the old man couldnt walk any further.老人又累又饿，
5、走不动了。The two girls walked along the path, talking and laughing.那两个女孩沿小路走着，有说有笑。The man tied the horse to a tree and went into the inn.那个人把马栓到一棵树上，走进了酒馆.考查情景对话中的简单句的用法(1)一Shall we go out for dinner tonight?今晚我们出去吃饭吧？一That sounds great.刃口 太好了 ！1 2)一It shouldnt take long to clear up after the party if
6、we all volunteer to help.聚会后如果我们都帮助的话很快就会收拾干净。一Thats right. Many hands make light work. 是的。人多力量大。二、并列句1 .考查so, and, not only.but also., neithernor等表示先后、递进关系的并列连词All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we*re ready to start. 这项任务的所有准 备工作都已完成，我们正准备着手做它。Not only does she speak Spanish
7、, she also knows how to type. 她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字 呢。2 .考查 or, or else, eitheror等表示选择关系的并列句 Come and have lunch with me； either Tuesday or Wednesday.来和我共进午餐，星期二或者星期三。3 .考查but, yet, still, however等连接的表示相反或者转折的并列句They are not very good, but we like to play basketball with them anyway.他们球技不是很好，但不 管怎样我们还是喜欢和他
8、们打篮球。三、反意疑问句1 .考查祈使句的反意疑问句Dont play football in the street, will you?不要在街上打篮球好吗？2 .考查lets的反意疑问句Lets go home together, shall we? 我们一起回家好吗？3 .考查陈述局部带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否认意义的词的反意疑问句He seldom takes a bus to school, does he?他很少乘公共汽车去学校，对吗？4 .考查复合句的反意疑问句They said that you had finished you
9、r homework, didnt they?他们说你做完作业了，是吗？高考真题探究（20062011年）2011 重庆卷 2811 told them not everybody could run as fast as you did,?A. could heB. didnt IC. didnt youD. could they【答案】B【考点】考查反义疑问句。【解析】反义疑问句的基本原那么就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述局部为肯定，故附加局部为 否认，本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“I told them,所以选择B。句意：我告诉他们并 非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？2011 辽宁卷
10、33】a strange plant! Ive never seen it before.A. WhichB. WhatC. HowD. Whetherwhere【答案】B【考点】考查感叹句。【解析】句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“What+a/an十adj.+n. +it is/was” 的省略结构，故B项正确。2011 上海卷 30 It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party,?A. doesnt it B. does itC. dont theyD. do they【答案】B【考点】考查反义疑问句。【解析】反义疑
11、问句的基本原那么就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述局部为否认，故附加局部为 肯定，句意：他们是否来参加你的派对，没有关系，是吗？K10 全国 I 3 I have seldom seen my mother pleased with my progress as she is now .A. so B. very C. too D. ratherR答案U AR考点此题考查soas.的固定结构K解析I句意：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心。此题考查soas的固定 结构，题干中的关键词是as,译为“像.一样，正如.一样:因此选择A。K 09 湖南 I You and I could hardl
12、y work together,A. could you B. couldnt I C. couldnt we D. could weK答案I DK考点反义疑问句的用法。K解析潸艮据陈述局部是肯定形式，疑问局部用否认形式；反之。陈述局部中含有否认词hardly, 故疑问局部用肯定形式，主语是you and I。故应选D。K09 陕西 I He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, ?A. is heB. isnt heC. must heD. mustnt heK答案BK考点I考查反意疑问句。K解析I陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词mu
13、st,但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测, 将其不看作情态动词。而must后有助动词be,故反意疑问句根据助动词be来构成，选B。K09 四川 H I wonder youll water this kind of flower.一Every other day.A. how oftenB. how longC. how soonD. how muchK答案1AK考点相似疑问词的区别。K解析I根据答语Every other day可知对方问的是多久浇一次这种花。how often问频率，符合 题意。(09 上海U Sallys never seen a play in the Shan
14、ghai Grand Theatre,?A hasnt she B. has she C isnt she D. is sheK答案BK考点I此题考查反意问句。K解析I Sallys的完全形式是Sally has,判断反意问句局部用助动词has； never表示否认，因 此反意问句局部用肯定。答案B。K09 辽宁Its the first time that he has been to Australia,?A isnt he B hasnt he C isnt it D hasnt itK答案cK考点I此题考查反意问句。K解析I陈述局部是主从复合句时，其反意疑问局部的构成常以主句为判断依据
15、。答案C。K08湖南the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot aboutfirefighting.K答案I DK考点此题考查祈使句+and+简单句K解析I祈使句+and+简单句，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。K08 江苏I It is often said that the joy of travelling isin arriving at your destinationin the journey itself.K答案I DK考点此题考查并列句式。K解析I noJbut不是而是，连接
16、两个并列成分。句意为:据说旅游的快乐不在于你 所到达的地方而在于旅程本身。K07 d匕京 5 When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf,9K答案工cK考点I祈使句的反意疑问句K解析I祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will youoK07 上海 H The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.itwas!K答案I AK考点I此题考查感叹句。K解析I What a dangerous scene i
17、t was! = How dangerous the scene was!K06 全国 I H Mary,here-everybody else, stay where you are.K答案H AK考点H考查祈使句的用法K解析I此题考查了祈使句的用法。Mary和everybody else作为呼语出现，后面的句子为祈使 句，省略了第二人称的主语you,故应用动词原形。(06 全国 H X We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter,?K答案CK考点I此题考查祈使句的反意疑问句K解析祈使句的反意疑问句通常用win you,意思
18、是“好吗，可以吗”。K06 福建Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus,?K答案BK考点I此题考查反意疑问句。K解析I在反意疑问句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等, 且主语为第一人称，简略问句仅有肯定或否认是与主句相对应，而主语和时态要与宾语从句 一致。K06 重庆Iand Ill get the work finished.K答案BK考点I此题考查“祈使句+and+简单句”的用法，K解析I此题考查“祈使句+and+简单句”的用法，其中祈使句可转换成名词短语，如One
19、 more word and Ill beat you flat.因此B项正确。如果选C, D两项，要去掉ando模拟试题探究1. （2010 江苏盐城高三调研）一Andrew wont like it, you know.? I dont care what Andrew thinks!A. So whatB. So whereC. So whyD. So how【答案与解析】A根据下文的“我不在乎安德鲁怎么想”判断，应选A项，意为“那又怎么 样呢？”（2010 安徽安庆一中高三模拟）Help others whenever you can you will make the worlda
20、nicer place to live in.A. butB. orC. unlessD. and【答案与解析】D这是“祈使句+ and +简单句”结构，相当于一个含有条件状语从句的句 子：If you help others whenever you can, you will make the world a nicer place to live in.2. （2010 陕西五校高三模拟）When you*ve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back one the shelf, ?A- do youB. don*t you
21、C. will youD. wont you【答案与解析】C肯定的祈使句的反意疑问句可用will you或wont you,但否认的祈使句的反意疑问句只能用will youo（2010 河北保定市高三二模）You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder, you wont pass the course.A. andB. soC. butD. or【答案与解析】D 。L否那么；不然的话”，引导并列句。3. （2010 山西康杰中学高三四模）If you talk nice and polite, people listen
22、 to you. If you shout, this is no good, ?【答案与解析】C句子的主语为this, that时，反意问句的主语用it。4. （2010 四川绵阳高考模拟）You may not have played very well today, but at least youve got through to the next round and.A. tomorrow never comes B. tomorrow is another dayC. never put off till tomorrow D. there is no tomorrow【答案与解析
23、】B该题需根据上下文的语义判断，tomorrow is another day明天又是新的一 天”。5. （2010浙江杭州高三二模）it was!A. What a splendid sceneB What splendid a sceneC. How a splendid sceneHow splendid the scene【答案与解析】A scene是可数名词同时又是中心词，所以选A项，用How来引导那么为：How splendid a scene it was!8. （安徽省合肥市 2010 高三年级模拟试卷）Between the two generations, it is of
24、ten not their age, their education that causes misunderstanding.A. likeB. asC. orD. but【答案与解析】D根据前面的not判断，句子的上下文为转折关系，所以用buto题意为“两 代人之间，不是他们的年龄，而是教育引起了误解”。9. （2010 福建龙岩一中高考模拟）一What do you know from the signpost?It the direction of London from here.A. announces B. explainsC. pointsC. pointsD. indicat
25、es【答案与解析】 D announce宣布；explain解释;point （to）”指向；indicate标示”。题意 为“它标示了从这里去伦敦的方向（2010 东北师大附中高三模拟）一I should have gone to the wonderful concert with you yesterday.What a pity!, I wish I would have another such chance.A. If possibleB. No problem【答案与解析】A if possible 如果有可能的话”，与上下文语意相符。no problem “没问题”;so wh
26、at“那又怎么样呢；what for为什么”，都不符合题意。10. （2010 长沙长郡中学高三一模）一Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.? Thats his third one in just one month.A. Had he B. Did he C. Does he D. Has he【答案与解析】B根据上文的bought可知，此处应用did。11. （2010 厦门一中高三模拟）felt funny watching myself on TV.A. One B. This C. It D. That【答案与解析】C it作主
27、语代替后面的watching myself on TV。12. （2010 江苏如白本一中高三模拟）All flights had been called off the terrible weather,so they had to go there by train.A. instead of B. in spite of【答案与解析】D because。产由于；因为。后接名词、代词或名词性从句。13. （2010 东北三校联考）and out of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.【答案与解析】B tired“疲惫的。常用来指人；tiring“令人疲倦的“，常用来指事物。14. （2010 西安四校统考）It is so nice to hear from her.， we last met more than thirty years ago.C. In other words D. Believe it or not【答案与解析】D believe it or no俨信不信由你”。