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1、炭黑行业进入退出壁垒分析 中国行业分析报告来源：中国行业研究报告网点击数：69更新时间：2006-12-14一、政策壁垒2006年3月22日，炭黑分会六届三次理事会在安徽省绩溪县召开，根据中国橡胶工业协会六届二次 理事会通过的关于建立橡胶产品质量授信机制的决议，炭黑分会为贯彻落实此项工作，起草了关于 开展炭黑产品质量授信使用行业协会鉴证标志的实施方法（草案），会上进行了发动和宣传工作，与会 代表进一步认识质量授信工作的重要性，为在行业内实施名牌战略，规范产品市场秩序，打下坚实的基础。2004年炭黑国家标准宣贯会近日在四川省自贡市召开。会议介绍了国内外炭黑最新技术进展、标 准化工作的最新要求及重
2、点内容等。5位标准主要起草人分别对GB 3778-2003橡胶用炭黑、GB/T3780. 5-2002橡胶用炭黑比外表积测定CTAB法、GB/T 3780. 8 -2002炭黑加热减量的测定、GB/T3 780. 10-2002炭黑灰分的测定、GB/T 3780.21-2002橡胶用炭黑筛余物的测定等18项国家标准进行 了讲解。尤其是GB3778-2003橡胶用炭黑国家标准，是炭黑行业惟一的强制性国家标准，技术内容等 同采用ASTM D1765-2001,完全可与国外先进标准相比。该标准实施后，将使我国炭黑产品质量上一个 新台阶，是我国炭黑标准史上一个新的里程碑。04年，国家炭黑标准的公布和实
3、施将使我国炭黑市场向规范性更迈进了一步，从此炭黑市场中的生产企业 将受到国家这一强制性标准的约束，在炭黑业外围形成的这一政策性壁垒也将挡住一局部资金的流入，毕 竟炭黑也得生产规模和生产线决定着产品的优劣和初始资金的投入，而市场中那些劣质产品的生产商也将 面临着了来自政策法律方面的困境，因此这些标准的实施从一定程度上促进了炭黑业的整合和市场中企业 的优胜劣汰，也增加了碳黑行业的不确定行。近年来，我国炭黑行业在不断开展中也累积了不少问题，首先炭黑产业集中度低，市场中厂家多、 规模小，而且开工率低；其次行业中生产商的生产技术和装备普遍落后，多数企业排放的三废超标，污染 环境，第三是产品结购单一，一方
4、面不能满足对高技术优质产品需求，另一方面产品又供大于求。针对以 上诸多问题，国家已经开始禁止新建万吨级以下的橡胶用干法造粒炭黑生产线，并要求各级政府工商行政 管理部门和工程审批机构严格把关，杜绝落后装置开工上马；对原有的落后装置逐步清理整顿，对于行业 中的一些企业大力实施改造、重组和淘汰，加快炭黑行业的整合和开展。二、经济技术壁垒2006年2月21日，中国橡胶工业协会技术经济委员会炭黑专家会议在天津举行。在专家组组长中 橡集团炭黑院刘敏副院长主持下，各位专家对炭黑原料使用状况及开展趋势，发表了意见和看法。与会代 表认为：炭黑是重要的化工原料，广泛应用于橡胶、塑料、油墨、涂料、干电池、电子器材和
5、化纤等许多行 业中，是仅次于生胶的第二位橡胶原材料，是重要的战略物资。是国民经济中不可缺少的产品。炭黑生产 目前用三种原料油，即乙稀焦油，葱油和煤焦油。它同目前玻璃、陶瓷行业使用的煤系燃料油是不同的， 它不是作为燃烧来烧火用，而是作为生产炭黑的原料。炭黑生产对原料的要求有严格的指标限制。随着炭黑原料供应紧张形势的出现，市场上推出用意油和沥青混合成配制油。针对目前的现状，我 们不提倡使用这种配制油，因为这种配制油的使用会对炭黑生产产生负面影响，降低炭黑的品质。如果少 量使用的话，要有严格的工艺措施来保障，满足客户对产品质量的要求。Carbon Black Production Processes
6、I have travelled zigzag across China qualifying carbon blacks manufacturers. During the last 5 years there is tremendous improvement in the packaging and the commercial aspect. There are not less than 15 manufacturers now exporting throughout the world and it will make China a supply base for carbon
7、 black. I would expect Chinese quality to be far superior, or on par with any world class manufacturers in not less than 10 years or so. The only situation that needed to be improved is its lab work, technical service and production processes.World class producers are able to still sustain a higher
8、pricing structure today is due to its superior technical service, and ease of review in its production technology. China should be able to achieve if those plants are willing to invest in lab equipments and technology.There are two production processes in China. The newer one adopted is the furnace
9、process of less than a 800 degree Celsius heat exchanger. This is called wet process in China. The older ones which had since in production for the last 20-30 years is the dry process. In carbon black terminology the dry process supposedly is the process of pelletising in dry centrifugally. The wet
10、process is pelletising the blacks using a stainless steel pelletiser which gives you the pellet/granular grade.But, in this case, the dry process is the obsolete technology which Chinese tyres makers do not even consume those grades. The powder grade and its properties are inferior for new tyres pro
11、duction.The dry processes are a much cheaper version due to its low cost feedstock and ease of production. Comparably to the wet processes, prices can differ by not less than 20% or more. Its production parameter tolerance is +/-10 points. Some customers insisted on prices alone that the only avenue
12、 for his supply is the dry processes which is the powder grade.The wet processes are dearer and most are within 2 sets of production parameter tolerances. One is within +/- 7 and another +/- 5 points which is similar to ASTM standard.Standard Press of China is a technical review meeting by all Chine
13、se carbon black manufacturers. The last known review was in year 2003 adopted the GB3778-2003 Standard. The standard of +/- 7 points is no inferior than some world class makers of ASTM standard. We have had good feedback on its technical aspect across the world that the GB3778-2003 production standa
14、rd adopted is for new tyres production, and auto-moldings.Throughout China the production of certain grade like N774 is still in short supply or none in existence, this is due to the fact that the reactor required is different, and a different technology.Sourcing carbon black from China is not as si
15、mple as price alone. Whether is the carbon black black! We had several years of sourcing from Chinese plants -ever since China production plants started to export in year 2000 in large volume. We had gone through lots of exercises and mistakes. We learned the hard way that today we are able to expor
16、t with ease in terms of shipment time, packaging, communication, and quality expectation.China is moving from production capacity built to quality. Prices will not be low and cheap. Of course, its going to be even competitive with the competitive quality.Our contract manufacturing are from two plant
17、s which can perform both in commercial and technical aspect. We can modify production parameter according to customers1 needs, but with a minimum volume to make a viable run.Standard Press of China GB3778-2003.Carbon Black Specification for Rubber Product Applications.GradeIodine Absorptionmg/gDBF A
18、bsorptionm/100gDBP Absorption (compress sample)cmyiOOgHeatLoss% maxTintPour Densitykg/m3N220121+7114791-1072.5115345N2341207125791-1072.5124320N32682772762-762.5112465N330827102781-952.5103375N339907120791-1082.5110345N375907114790-1042.5115345N550437121778-981.565360N66036790769-811.555425N77414747
19、71.545495Stress at 300% elongation = test result of sample - SRB2# at the same test condition.Packing20/25kgs paper bags X 50bags/ wooden pallet. 550kgs PP woven bags X 2bags/ wooden pallet. llOOkgs 22 into one 40ft FCL. 24-24.2mt into one 40ft FCL. All are palletised and stretch-wrapped in export s
20、tandard wooden pallet. Fumigated wooden pallet to USA, Australia and other destination isavailable.Specialty BlackTypical Specification for Specialty ApplicationGradeParticle Size nmTinting Strength% minApplicationFineblack 2152895Offset newspaper ink: low rub resistance, and good dispersibilityPlas
21、tic: low compounding for blown film and polyolefinsFineblack 25528103Offset newspaper ink: good jetness, low-rub properties, and good dispersion without jelling.Plastic: medium colour blown film, and polyolefins with ease of dispersionToner: excellent polarity properties and high jetnessFineblack 26
22、524120Gloss ink, gravure: long flow, good processability, dispersion andmedium-high jetnessPlastic: medium-high colour polyolefins, and engineering plastics.Paint: Good tinting strength at low costFineblack 28515135Plastic: high jetness for compounding in engineering plastic and polyolefins. Ease of
23、 dispersion and low cost.Coatings: High strength tinting, and very good incorporation with easy dispersion.Fineblack C30020Plastic: conductive and anti-static for rubber and cable-shieldsFineblack C50019Plastic: strippable cable compounds, high colour PVC cable compoundsFineblack C70015Plastic: stri
24、ppable cable compounds, cable-shields and for conductive and anti-static.Selection of Specialty Carbon Blacks for a particular application.Particle SizeSmaller the particle size, and the masstone goes towards pink or green. It is jetter.Smaller the particle size, the more difficult it is to disperse
25、, and require high shear force to disperse.Smaller the particle size has a higher ultra light prevention due to higher back scattering light.StructureThe higher the oil structure ( 100 ml of the DBF absorption) the more difficult to break the structure and requires higher shear force.Higher structur
26、e permits jetter density.PorosityHigher porosity means higher surface area, and jetter in returns.Porosity of the surface area of the carbon black achieved by surface modification.Higher GritHigh grit content can result in screen-plugged problem in plastic compounding. Usually this is cause by coke
27、balls re-agglomeration. Gaseous base carbon black are cleaner, and easier to disperse. Higher grit also due to poor maintenance of reactor viz grit due to degeneration of the reactor wall.Our Specialty Carbon Blacks are produced by furnace process using the gaseous base. These specialty carbon black
28、s are of dry process. This is better in terms of dispersion. Problematic carbon black usually find the resulting answer in the poor dispersion. Poor dispersion is a direct result of hard pellet quality, high moisture due to compaction, high dust - poor premix and incorporation. The relating problem could be the processes. Low shear force, and vulcanisation due bad wetting and incorporation.We have both research and pilot unit to develop new grades, and modified existing grades to suit prevailing requirements.