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1、英语重点词汇介词in详解(一)介词“in”的省略大全在下列短语中,in常被省略be busy ( in) doing.忙于做.Marry is busy (in) doing her homework.玛丽正忙于做她的家庭作业。have difficulty /1roub 1 e/prob 1 em( in) doing. 做.有困难/有麻烦/有问题I have some difficulties (in ) doing this math problem.做这道数学题我有一些困难。(in) this/that way用这种/那种方法(In ) this way, we have learne
2、d a lot.用这种方法,我们学到了许多。spend(in) doing花费在做I m very pleased to meet you.会见你我很高兴。I m proud to be your friend.当你的朋友我感到骄傲。4.表示结果,用不定式或现在分词均可,但有区别:不定式表 结果,其动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示未曾预料到的或令 人不快的,不定式前常加0nly,另外还用于tooto, enough to, never to, so / suchas to等固定结构中;现在分词表示 结果,是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),前 面可加上thuso如:He was
3、so foolish as to leave his car unlocked. 他是那样 傻,竟然没锁车。He hurried to the house only to fond that it was empty. 他 匆忙赶到那屋子里,发现已经空无一人。He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了,留 下他妻子和五个孩子。Workers spent two years (in) building the building. 工 人们花费了两年时间修建了这幢大楼。have a good time( in) doing 玩得快乐Our c
4、lassmates had a good time (in ) playing yesterday in the park.waste. ( in) doing.浪费做Xiaoming wasted a lot of time (in) making this kite。做 这个风拿小明浪费了许多时间。pass time ( in) doing.做.度过时光We passed a good time (in) learning knowledge in school.我们在学校学习知识度过美好的时光。kill time( in) doing.消磨时光做.Some young people ki
5、ll time (in) playing computer games every day.Theres no use/ good( in) doing做.没有用处/好处。There is no good for our health in eating junk food. 吃 垃圾食品对我们的身体没有好处。(二)to作介词时的短语小结admit to doing sth 承认做了某事Jack admited to breaking the window.杰克承认(是他)打破了窗户。1. object to doing sth 反对做某事They also object to giving
6、the president and his family any immunity from prosecution.他们还拒绝给予总统及其家人任何免于起诉的特权see to doing sth负责做某事Li Ming sees to building the building.李明负责修建这幢大楼。2. stick to doing sth 坚持做某事My sister insisted to finishing her homework by himself.我妹妹坚持要独立完成家庭作业。3. be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事Mom is opposed us t
7、o playing computer games. 妈妈反对我 们玩电脑游戏4. look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事The children are looking forward to the new year. 孩子们 盼望着新年。5. be used to doing sth习惯于做某事My father is used to walking after supper.我父亲习惯于晚 饭后散步。6. reduce sb to doing sth使某人沦落到去做某事的地步Drug use reduced her to crime吸毒使她堕落到犯罪的地步7. ta
8、ke to doing sth喜欢上做某事Mom takes to dancing.妈妈喜欢上了跳舞。My brother has applied himself to learning English for three years.我哥哥已经努力学了三年英语了。11. devote oneself to doing sth 献身于做某事Han Hong devoted herself to helping the poor. 韩红致力于 帮助穷人。12. be devoted to doing sth把时间(钱、精力等)花在做某事 上She is devoted her life to h
9、elping the homeless people. 她 一生致力于帮助无家可归的人。13. get down to doing sth开始做某事,认真处理某事LiHong gets down to learning English.李红开始认真学习英语。I saw the third man coming with some pineapples.解析:分析句子成分时,应注意两点:首先考虑句子结构,包括动词的 用法和句型,其次要考虑句子意义,二者必须兼顾,不能偏废。I saw the third man coming with some pineapples. 意思应 该是:我看见第三个人
10、带着一些菠萝过来了。如果把coming with some pineapples按定语来理解,那么意思 就是:我看见带着一些菠萝过来的第三个人了。这样分析和翻译显然与语言的本质相悖,说明第一个翻译是恰当 的。从动词see的用法看,我们知道see后可以跟复合宾语,句式是: see sb. doing sth.那么,the third man coming with pineapples 则是 see 的复 合宾语,其中 the third man 是宾语,coming with pineapples 是宾补。结论:无论从句子意思还是see的用法看,coming with pineapples 作
11、宾补。1 .不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词之后,表示一个将来 的动作。如:They have three tickets to spare.他们多三张票。She has plenty of clothes to wear,她有足够的衣服穿。2 .分词作定语,单个的放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外),短 语放在所修饰的名词后。现在分词表示其动作正在发生或与谓语 同时发生,过去分词表示其动作已经完成或没有时间性;在逻辑 上被修饰的名词与现在分词是主谓关系,与过去分词是被动关系。She is a trained nurse.她是一个受过训练的护士。There are no places lef
12、t to sit on the train. 火车上没有 座位可坐了。There is a gentleman asking to see you. 有一位先生要求见 你。注:现在分词的完成式通常只作状语,而不能作定语。3 .动名词作定语,只放在名词前,说明该名词的性能或用途, 不表动作,被修饰的名词与-ing形式在逻辑上没有主谓关系。如:The doctor told me not to take sleeping pills. 医生口U我 不要服安眠药。4 . to be done, being done, done均可用作定语,且都表示被 动意义,其区别在于:to be done表示将来
13、,being done表示 目前正在发生,done表示过去已经发生。如:The house to be built next year is a cinema. 明年建的那 座房子是家电影院。The house being built now is a cinema. 现在正在建的房子 是家电影院。The house built last year is a cinema. 去年建的那座房子 是家电影院。1 .表示时间、条件、方式、让步或伴随情况,通常用现在分词 或过去分词;若句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,用现在分词; 若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系,用过去分词或现在分词分 词的被动式。如
14、:Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫,老鼠就跑了。He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看报。Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给 点时间,我们可以做得更好。2 .表示目的,通常要用不定式;表目的的不定式所表示的动作 通常发生在谓语动词之后,且常用于in order to, so as to结 构。有时为了强调,可将不定式短语放到句首。如:We used the computer to save time.我们用电脑节约时间。In o
15、rder to catch the train, she hurried through her work.为了赶火车,她匆匆做完了她的工作。注:不定式作状语只有表示目的时,才可以放到句首。3 .表示原因,通常用分词短语,且多放在句首,有时也放在句 末,多用逗号隔开。如:Being very weak, she couldn t move,由于身体虚弱,她不 能行动。Much discouraged, she came back home. 她彳艮沮丧, 回了家注:在表示情绪或情感反应的形容词(如happy, glad, sorry, sad, surprised, frightened, delighted, disappointed) fa, 可接不定式短语表示原因。如: