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1、考研英语阅读冲刺讲义考研阅读冲剌总结、词汇二、(难句)作文三、题型(织网)一 (1)中心思想题1 .抽象题型L (2)作者态度题2 .具体题:例证题、词汇题、推理题、细节题题型详析1、抽象题(1)中心思想题解题方法:串联主线:将文章各段首末句串联成一个整体中心句中心词:反复高频出现排除法真题举例:例1 (串联主线)2010-Text230. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?1、(1)0ver the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for wh
2、at are called business methods. A received one for its ”one-click“ online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.ne inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.2、Now the nation s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-meth
3、od patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.In re Bilski
4、, as the case is known , is a very big deal” , says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law.It Mhas the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents. 3、Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced
5、such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutualfund assets.That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types o
6、f online transactions.Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it
7、questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firmsarmed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.4、The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy mark
8、et.The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should reconsider its State Street Bank ruling.5、TheFederal Circuit s action comes in the w
9、ake of a series of recent decisionsby the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions“ that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit arereacting to the anti-pa
10、tent trend at the Supreme Court , says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?A A looming threat to business-method patents.B Protection for business-method patent holders.C A legal case
11、 regarding business-method patents.D A prevailing trend against business-method patents.真题举例2 （串联主线）2013-Text 335. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?1、Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely-though by no means uniformlyglowingly positive. Science
12、and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.2、Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.You might even be te
13、mpted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.3、But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of yearsso why shouldnt we?Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellen
14、t chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years4、So what does our deep future hold?A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed
15、 to still be marking time thousands of years hence.5、Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and its perhaps best left to scie
16、nce fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. Thats one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.6、But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.As so often, the pa
17、st holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.7、This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our pr
18、ospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.To be sure, the future is not all rosy.But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text
19、?A Uncertainty about Our FutureB Evolution of the Human SpeciesC The Ever-bright Prospects of MankindD Science, Technology and Humanity真题举例3（中心句）2010 -Text 125.What would be the best title for the text?Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-ce
20、ntury, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.A Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC Mournful Decline of JournalismD Prominent Critics in Memory真题举例4（中心句）2015 -Text 125. Which of the following is t
21、he best title of the text?King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don t abdicate, they die in their sleep But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that m
22、onarchy is seeing its last days?Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?A Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the ThroneC Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsD Charles, Slow to Re
23、act to the Coming Threats真题举例5（中心词）2012 -Text 335. Which of the following would be the best title of the test?1、In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their wo
24、rk.But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the su
25、bsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.2、QConsequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential.But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a dis
26、covery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher s me, here, now becomes the community, s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.3、Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives
27、intellectual credit. (2) But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next.Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists u
28、se the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about t
29、he science and the technology involved transforms an individual* s discovery claim into the community* s credible discovery.4、Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect
30、.Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential
31、modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Szent-Gydrgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought. ()But thinking what nobody else has thought an
32、d telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.5、 In the end, credibility happens to a discovery claim - a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the
33、commons of the mind. We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other1 s reasoning and each other s conceptions of reason.35. Which of the following would be the best title of the test?A Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.B Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.C Evol
34、ution of Credibility in Doing Science.D Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires.33. Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes
35、 credible after it.34. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree that.35. Which of the following would be the best title of the test?A Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.B Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.C Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.D Challenge to Credibilit
36、y at the Gate to Science.真题举例6 （中心词+串联主线）2011-Text 23O.Which of the following is the best title for the text?1、When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out
37、and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company. Broadcasting his ambition was very much my decision, McGee says.Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.2、McGee says leav
38、ing without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isn t alone.In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were l
39、ooking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don t get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.3、As the first signs o
40、f recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for asp
41、iring leaders.4、The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: I can t think of a si
42、ngle search I ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.5、Those who jumped without a job haven t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. (3)It was a year before she became head of a t
43、iny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO.He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.6 Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more accepta
44、ble to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was it s safer to stay where you are, but that s been fundamentally inverted, says one headhunter. “The people who ve been hurt the worst are those who ve stayed too long.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A CE
45、Os: Where to Go?B CEOs: All the Way Up?C Top Managers Jump without a NetD The Only Way Out for Top Performers 特别专题:英语一与英语二互相借鉴英语一英语二 你中有我我中有你真题举例:借鉴举例1 ：英语2010-Text 125.What would be the best title for the text?Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past q
46、uarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.A Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC Mournful Decline of JournalismD Prominent Critics in Memory英语二 2011-Text 230. The most appropriate titl
47、e for this text would be AAmerican Newspapers : Struggling for SurvivalB American Newspapers : Gone with the WindC American Newspapers : A Thriving BusinessD American Newspapers : A Hopeless StoryWhatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to
48、remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Americas Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there i