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1、2017年GMAT考试逻辑推理在线模拟练习题GMAT考试逻辑推理在线模拟练习题25Minutes16QuestionsThechanterelle,atypeofwildmushroom,growsbeneathhosttreessuchastheDouglasfir,whichprovideitwithnecessarysugars.Theundergroundfilamentsofchanterelles,whichextractthesugars,inturnprovidenutrientsandwaterfortheirhosts.Becauseofthismutuallybenefi
2、cialrelationship,harvestingthechanterellesgrowingbeneathaDouglasfirseriouslyendangersthetree.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,caststhemostdoubtontheconclusiondrawnabove?Thenumberofwildmushroomsharvestedhasincreasedinrecentyears.ChanterellesgrownotonlybeneathDouglasfirsbutalsobeneathotherhosttrees.Manytype
3、sofwildmushroomsarefoundonlyinforestsandcannoteasilybegrownelsewhere.Theharvestingofwildmushroomsstimulatesfuturegrowthofthosemushrooms.(D)YoungDouglasfirseedlingsdiewithoutthenutrientsandwaterprovidedbychanterellefilaments.Thereasonmuchrefrigeratedfoodspoilsisthatitendsupoutofsightatthebackoftheshe
4、lf.Sowhynothaveroundshelvesthatrotate?Becausesuchrotatingshelveswouldhavejustthesamesortofdrawback,sincethingswouldfallofftheshelvesedgesintotherearcorners.Whichofthefollowingispresupposedintheargumentagainstintroducingrotatingshelves?Refrigeratorswouldnotbemadesothattheirinteriorspaceiscylindrical.
5、Refrigeratorswouldnotbemadetohaveawindowinfrontforeasyviewingoftheircontentswithoutopeningthedoor.Theproblemofspoilageofrefrigeratedfoodisnotamenabletoanysolutionbasedondesignchanges.Refrigeratorsaresowelldesignedthatthereareboundtobedrawbackstoanydesignchange.(A)Rotatingshelveswouldbedesignedtorota
6、teonlywhiletherefrigeratordoorwasopen.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,givesthestrongestsupporttotheargumentabove?AfteranyRosetownroadhasbeenrepaired,severalyearswillelapsebeforethatroadbeginstodamagecars.Rosetownwouldneedtoraiseadditionaltaxesifitweretospendonemilliondollarsinoneyearonroadrepairs.Thedegr
7、eeofdamagecausedtoRosetownsroadsbyharshweathercanvarywidelyfromyeartoyear.(B)Twoexperimentalgardenplotswereeachplantedwiththesamenumberoftomatoplants.Magnesiumsaltswereaddedtothefirstplotbutnottothesecond.Thefirstplotproduced20poundsoftomatoesandthesecondplotproduced10pounds.Sincenothingelsebutwater
8、wasaddedtoeitherplot,thehigheryieldsinthefirstplotmusthavebeenduetothemagnesiumsalts.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargumentabove?Asmallamountofthemagnesiumsaltsfromthefirstplotleachedintothesecondplot.Tomatoplantsinathirdexperimentalplot,towhichahigh-nitrogenfertilizerwasadded,bu
9、tnomagnesiumsalts,produced15poundsoftomatoes.Fourdifferenttypesoftomatoesweregrowninequalproportionsineachoftheplots.Thetwoexperimentalplotsdifferedfromeachotherwithrespecttosoiltextureandexposuretosunlight.ArchaeologistshavefoundwheeledceramictoysmadebytheToltec,twelfth-centuryinhabitantsofwhatisno
10、wVeracruz.AlthoughthereisnoarchaeologicalevidencethattheToltecusedwheelsforanythingbuttoys,someanthropologistshypothesizethatwheeledutilityvehicleswereusedtocarrymaterialsneededforthemonumentalstructurestheToltecproduced.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmosthelptheanthropologistsexplainthelackofevide
11、ncenotedabove?TheToltecsometimesincorporatedintotheirtoysrepresentationsofutensilsorotherdevicesthatservedsomepracticalpurpose.AnywheeledutilityvehiclesusedbytheTolteccouldhavebeenmadeentirelyofwood,andunlikeceramic,wooddecaysrapidlyinthehumidclimateofVeracruz.CarvingsinmonumentwallssuggestthattheTo
12、ltecswheeledceramictoyssometimeshadritualusesinadditiontobeingusedbybothchildrenandadultsasdecorationsandplaythings.Someofthewheeledceramictoyswerefoundneartheremainsofmonumentalstructures.Theargumentaboveismostvulnerabletowhichofthefollowingcriticisms?Ittreatsthevagueterm“poverty”asthoughithadaprec
13、iseanduniversallyacceptedmeaning.Itoverlooksthepossibilitythatthenumberofpeopleinthetwocountrieswholiveinpovertycouldbethesameeventhoughthepercentagesofthetwopopulationsthatliveinpovertydiffermarkedly.ItfailstoshowthatwealthandpovertyhavethesamesocialsignificanceinKuptalaasinBahlton.(E)Whichofthefol
14、lowing,iftrue,doesmosttoexplaintheanomalydescribedabove?Manyconsumersmakedecisionsaboutwhichwinestopurchaseonthebasisofreviewsofwinepublishedinbooksandperiodicals.Consumersselectingwineinastoreoftenusethepricechargedastheirmainguidetothewinesquality.Wineretailersandproducerscangenerallyincreasethesa
15、lesofaparticularwinetemporarilybyintroducingapricediscount.(C)Consumerswhopurchasewineregularlygenerallyhavestrongopinionsaboutwhichwinestheyprefer.Therecentdeclineinlandpriceshashurtmanyinstitutionsthathadinvestedheavilyinrealestate.Lastyear,beforethedeclinebegan,alocalcollegeadded2,000acrestoitsho
16、ldings.Thecollege,however,didnotpurchasethelandbutreceiveditasagift.Thereforethepricedeclinewillprobablynotaffectthecollege.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,castsmostdoubtontheconclusionabove?Thecollegeusuallyreceivesmorecontributionsofmoneythanofrealestate.Landpricesintheregioninwhichthecollegeislocateda
17、recurrentlyhigherthanthenationalaverage.Lastyear,theamountthatthecollegeallocatedtopayforrenovationsincludedmoneyitexpectedtoreceivebysellingsomeofitslandthisyear.(D)Theargumentabovedependsonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?Thesolereasoninfavorofhavingjuriesdecideciviltrialsisthesuppositionthattheirde
18、cisionswillalmostalwaysbecorrect.Somespeciesofdolphinsfindtheirpreybyecholocation;theyemitclickingsoundsandlistenforechoesreturningfromdistantobjectsinthewater.Marinebiologistshavespeculatedthatthosesameclickingsoundsmighthaveasecondfunction:particularlyloudclicksmightbeusedbythedolphinstostuntheirp
19、reyatcloserangethroughsensoryoverload.Whichofthefollowing,ifdiscoveredtobetrue,wouldcastthemostseriousdoubtonthecorrectnessofthespeculationdescribedabove?Dolphinsthatuseecholocationtolocatedistantpreyalsoemitfrequentclicksatintermediatedistancesastheycloseinontheirprey.Theusefulnessofecholocationasa
20、meansoflocatingpreydependsontheclickingsoundsbeingofatypethatthepreyisincapableofperceiving,regardlessofvolume.Ifdolphinsstuntheirprey,theeffectisboundtobesotemporarythatstunningfromfaraway,evenifpossible,wouldbeineffective.Echolocationappearstogivedolphinsthatuseitinformationabouttherichnessofasour
21、ceoffoodaswellasaboutitsdirection.(B)Themoredistantadolphinsprey,theloudertheecholocationclicksmustbeiftheyaretorevealthepreyspresencetothehuntingdolphin.ColombianbeansthanKreemoCoffee,Inc.SoitonlystandstoreasonthatifyoubuyacanofKreemoscoffee,yourebuyingthebestblendedcoffeeavailabletoday.Thereasonin
22、goftheargumentintheadvertisementisflawedbecauseitoverlooksthepossibilitythattheequipmentusedbyKreemotoblendandpackageitscoffeeisnodifferentfromthatusedbymostothercoffeeproducersKreemoscoffeeisthemostexpensiveblendedcoffeeavailabletoday(C)thebestunblendedcoffeeisbetterthanthebestblendedcoffeeTheonlyp
23、urposeforwhichaparticulartypeoftapeisneededistoholdcertainsurgicalwoundsclosedfortendaysthemaximumtimesuchwoundsneedtape.Newtapeisanewbrandofthistypeoftape.NewtapessalespeopleclaimthatNewtapewillimprovehealingbecauseNewtapeadherestwiceaslongasthecurrentlyusedtapedoes.Whichofthefollowingstatements,if
24、true,wouldmostseriouslycallintoquestiontheclaimmadebyNewtapessalespeople?Mostsurgicalwoundstakeabouttendaystoheal.Mostsurgicaltapeispurchasedbyhospitalsandclinicsratherthanbyindividualsurgeons.Thecurrentlyusedtapesadhesivenessismorethansufficienttoholdwoundsclosedfortendays.NeitherNewtapenorthecurre
25、ntlyusedtapeadhereswelltoskinthathasnotbeencleaned.(C)Newtapesadhesiontoskinthathasbeencoatedwithaspecialchemicalpreparationisonlyhalfasgoodasthecurrentlyusedtapesadhesiontosuchcoatedskin.AseveredroughtcanactuallylessenthetotalamountofgovernmentaidthatUnitedStatesfarmersreceiveasagroup.Thegovernment
26、paysfarmerstheamount,ifany,bywhichthemarketpriceatwhichcropsareactuallysoldfallsshortofapresettargetpriceperbushelforthecrops.Thedroughtof1983,forexample,causedfarm-programpaymentstodropby$10billion.Giventheinformationabove,whichofthefollowing,iftrue,bestexplainswhythedroughtof1983resultedinareducti
27、oninfarm-programpayments?Priortothedroughtof1983,thegovernmentraisedthetargetpriceforcropsinordertoaidfarmersinreducingtheirdebtloads.Duetothedroughtof1983,UnitedStatesfarmersexportedlessfoodin1983thanintheprecedingyear.Duetothedroughtof1983,UnitedStatesfarmershadsmallerharvestsandthusreceivedahighe
28、rmarketpriceforthe1983cropthanforthelargercropoftheprecedingyear.Duetothedroughtof1983,UnitedStatesfarmersplannedtoplantsmallercropsin1984thantheyhadin1983.(C)Despitethedroughtof1983,retailpricesforfooddidnotincreasesignificantlybetween1982and1983.Inordertoincreaserevenues,anairportplanstochangethep
29、arkingfeesitchargesatitshourlyparkinglots.Ratherthancharging$2.00forthefirsttwo-hourperiod,orpartthereof,and$1.00foreachhourthereafter,theairportwillcharge$4.00forthefirstfour-hourperiod,orpartthereof,and$1.00foreachhourthereafter.Whichofthefollowingisaconsiderationthat,iftrue,suggeststhattheplanwil
30、lbesuccessfulinincreasingrevenues?Veryfewpeoplewhoparktheircarsatthehourlyparkinglotattheairportleavetheircarsformorethantwohoursatatime.Overthepastseveralyears,thecosttotheairportofoperatingitshourlyparkingfacilitieshasbeengreaterthantherevenuesithasreceivedfromthem.Peoplewholeavetheircarsattheairp
31、ortwhileonatripgenerallyparktheircarsinlotsthatchargebythedayratherthanbythehour.Asignificantportionofthemoneyspenttooperatetheairportparkinglotisspenttomaintainthefacilitiesratherthantopaythesalariesofthepersonnelwhocollecttheparkingfees.(A)Thehourlyparkinglotsattheairporthaverecentlybeenexpandedan
32、darethereforerarelyfilledtocapacity.Inthecourseofherresearches,ahistorianrecentlyfoundtwodocumentsmentioningthesameperson,ErichSchnitzler.One,datedMay3,1739,isarecordofSchnitzlersarrestforpeddlingwithoutalicense.Thesecond,undated,isastatementbySchnitzlerassertingthathehasbeenpeddlingoffandonfor20yea
33、rs.Thefactsabovebestsupportwhichofthefollowingconclusions?Schnitzlerstartedpeddlingaround1719.Schnitzlerwasarrestedrepeatedlyforpeddling.Theundateddocumentwaswrittenbefore1765.Thearrestrecordwaswrittenaftertheundateddocument.(C)ThearrestrecordprovidesbetterevidencethatSchnitzlerpeddledthandoestheund
34、ateddocument.Therecentupheavalintheoffice-equipmentretailbusiness,inwhichmanysmallfirmshavegoneoutofbusiness,hasbeenattributedtotheadventofofficeequipment“superstores”whosehighsalesvolumekeepstheirpriceslow.Thisanalysisisflawed,however,sinceeventodaythesuperstorescontrolaverysmallshareoftheretailmar
35、ket.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheargumentthattheanalysisisflawed?Mostofthelargercustomersforofficeequipmentpurchaseundercontractdirectlyfrommanufacturersandthusdonotparticipateintheretailmarket.Thesuperstoresheavyadvertisingoftheirlowpriceshasforcedpricesdownthroughouttheretailmarketforofficesupplies.Someofthesuperstoresthatonlyrecentlyopenedhavethemselvesgoneoutofbusiness.