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1、大学英语专业写作Precisnthat is a concentration of ideas from the original piece of writingnthat is boiled down so that only the essence of the original remainsA prcis is a passage:nA prcis is a brief summary,written in your own words,of a longer piece of writing.nIt is a condensed version of the essential c
2、ontent of the original material.nA prcis contains no comments,no opinions of your own.It contains no details,no examples,no illustrations.nThe language should be clear and concise,with all the unnecessary words left out.nIt should be the shortest possible account of what you have read.Places where a
3、 prcis could be used include:nTo shorten or summarize:newspaper articles,legal papers and laws,rules and regulations,announcements,directions,business letters,speeches and conversations,interviews,books&magazine articles,&lecturesnStep 1 Count the number of words in the original-your prcis is 1015%t
4、he length of the original.nUnderstand first.Read the original piece carefully,and more than once!nBefore you begin to summarize,you must first understand what is being said!WHAT?You mean I have to write a prcis?How do I do that?nYou should annotate the article as you are reading it to understand the
5、 structure and how each paragraph contributes to the whole article.Step 2:Sentence condensingnUnderstand the central idea of each sentence.Cross out unneeded description.nSummarize each sentence of the articlenLook at the example on the right.n“There is no icon in Canadian business more universally
6、revered than Tim Hortons”.Would becomenTim Hortons is a revered Canadian icon ORnTim Hortons is an icon in Canada(even shorter)Step 3:Use a dictionary!Look up any words,or allusions that you dont understand.In the previous example,if you didnt know what the work“Icon”meant,youd have missed out on mu
7、ch of the meaning of the sentence.Icon and revered.what the heck do those words mean?Still on step 3.nPick out key words,think what their relation in thought is,and in this way find the central ideanInclude all articles(a,an,the)and prepositions(in,on out,of)that were in the original.nCount contract
8、ions(dont,cant)as 2 words!There is a fine balance between cutting out too much of the original,and getting down to the length of the original without loosing the overall essence.Step 4:Express your ideas concisely nOmit interjections i.e.)There was once a time,in the distant past,when I blah blahbec
9、omesnOmit appositives i.e.)Jane Goodall,a remarkable woman,is someone who should become blah,blah,blah becomes Omit words that are used for emphasis i.e.)mediation becomes a constant inner unmasking,a peeling off of layer after layer of masks.Blah,blah,blahni.e.)There was once a time when I blah bla
10、hJane Goodall is someone who should becomemediation is a constant inner unmasking.Blah,blah,blahStill on step 4:nChange similes and metaphors i.e.)her thoughts in the morning are as tangled as her hair.Could become:Her morning thoughts are incoherent.Or he burst out of the door like an explosion cou
11、ld become:He burst out of the door.nOmit rhetorical questions by changing them to statements of fact.So“arent there?”Could become:.There are many ways to eat an ice cream cone.Use hyphenated expressions where possible because they count only as one word.So a dog with one eye becomes a one-eyed-dog,a
12、nd counts as 1 word!So to summarize:Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Count words inoriginalCross out descriptionGet a dictionaryOmit interjectionsRead originalSummarize sentences-check for various meaningsOmit appositivesRe-read original Summarize paragraphs-check for spellingOmit emphasis wordsAnnotate orig
13、inal Check for overall idea of“X”all articlesChange metaphor/&similesUnderstand sentences-each sentence and“X”all prepositions Omit rhetorical QuestionsUnderstand paragraph meanings-each paragraphWrite your prcis!Now for a giant leapLets go through some examples and be more specific Sentence 1nYour
14、first sentence in the prcis should have:nthe name of author,nthe genre&title of the work,ndate in parentheses,nan active verb(such as assert argue suggest imply claim“)and na THAT clause which contains the thesis statement of the work.nThis sentence is the who&the what of the original work.Example f
15、or Sentence 1nPhillipa Gregorys novel,The Other Boleyn Girl(2001),implies that ambition possesses the power to corrupt and dispense true gratification,filling the heart solely with desire infused with greed and the ravenous hunger to reign.nNotice the who and what is clearly defined in the first prc
16、is sentence.Sentence 2:should contain:nan explanation of how the author develops and/or supports the thesis,nThis is usually done in chronological order.Example of Sentence 2nGregory develops this assertion through vivid description of life in the Tudor court and examination of cut-throat antics of
17、a ruthless family-members of whom will execute to attain absolute power.Sentence 3 should be:A statement of the authors apparent purpose,followed by an in order phrase.Example for Sentence 3nGregorys purpose of elaborating on ambition is to depict the outlandish lengths one will embark in order to f
18、ill a selfish void within ones greedy and desperate soul.Sentence 4nSentence 4:A description of the intended audience and/or the relationship the author establishes with the audience.Example for Sentence 4nGregory engages the average woman through the themes of scandal,conniving competition,and pass
19、ionate lust,all of which evokes every womans desire to be a queen.Now you are ready to start paraphrasingStudy each paragraph,read it to understand the main points then summarize the main points in your own wordsRemember the following:nA prcis retells the highlights so a reader will know main sectio
20、ns of the originalWriting a PrcisnPrcis is a clear,concise,orderly summary of the contents of a piece of writing.A prcis has only the essential details&they must be correct&accurateA prcis must be an original piece of writing that is less than 10-15%length of the original.nA four page article will b
21、ecome a one page prcis nAll words in the prcis must be originalA few quotes are acceptable.nThis is George W Bushs inaugural Address.The speaker first reviews the story of America,which is a story of a new world liberating an old one,a story of a slave-owning society becoming a society of freedom.He
22、 then talks about the American promise,a promise that everybody belongs,one that offers everybody an opportunity,a promise of equality,freedom and justice.Finally he calls on his people to carry on this story,to be responsible citizens so as to make America a country of more freedom and justice.此此课课件下件下载载可自行可自行编辑编辑修改，修改，仅仅供参考！供参考！感感谢谢您的支持，我您的支持，我们们努力做得更好！努力做得更好！谢谢谢谢