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1、翻译和翻译中常见的翻译和翻译中常见的错误错误第1页，本讲稿共31页翻译和翻译中常见的翻译和翻译中常见的错误错误第2页，本讲稿共31页Lecture one Introduction to Chinese English Translation 第3页，本讲稿共31页Part One Introduction to Chinese-English Translation 1.Three levels of Chinese-English Translationa.English learning b.Translating practice c.translating study 2.Emplo
2、yment of kinds of sourcesTwo factors which determine the quality of the translationOne is the level of the translator,another the ability to utilize the sources.第4页，本讲稿共31页The use of dictionary The use of dictionary The Chinese English DictionaryThe Chinese English DictionaryExample:Example:根据它的叫声特点
3、人们把蝉又叫做知了。根据它的叫声特点人们把蝉又叫做知了。Another name for the cicada is Zhiliao,or know all,for thats how its chirping Another name for the cicada is Zhiliao,or know all,for thats how its chirping sounds to the Chinese.sounds to the Chinese.纪晓岚是乾隆的宠臣，曾三次任礼部尚书。纪晓岚是乾隆的宠臣，曾三次任礼部尚书。Jixiaolan enjoyed great favor in E
4、mperor Qianglongs court and was Jixiaolan enjoyed great favor in Emperor Qianglongs court and was three times the Ministry of Rites.three times the Ministry of Rites.Chinese Dictionary Chinese Dictionary English DictionaryEnglish Dictionary第5页，本讲稿共31页Other source of information Example:Encyclopedia
5、Britannica From Western Music,Russia,19th,century we can get Tchaikovsky.From the latest issues we can get the version of“工人下岗”lay off or make redundant.第6页，本讲稿共31页3.Principles of Chinese-English Translation a.All translation is to translate the meaning,this is the principle of translation.b.The foc
6、us of translation is not the form of the language but the content of the language.Attach great importance to readerThe acceptance of the reader and the reaction of the reader.第7页，本讲稿共31页4.Process of Chinese-English TranslationUnderstanding the source textExample 部：培训部，编辑部，师部，文化部Use of the translatin
7、g technique to translateModification and polishing第8页，本讲稿共31页Training department,editorial office,division headquarters,Ministry Culture第9页，本讲稿共31页5.Chinese-English Translation Traininga.Improve the ability of expressionAppropriate translation practice:translating,modifying,summing up the experience
8、b.Reading more English materials intensively 第10页，本讲稿共31页Part TwoError Analysis of Chinese-English Translation 1.Analysis of single sentence2.Analysis of paragraph第11页，本讲稿共31页Sentence Error AnalysisPractice 1.中国人有在正月十五晚上吃元宵、赏花灯的中国人有在正月十五晚上吃元宵、赏花灯的习俗。习俗。Chinese have the custom that they eat sweet dum
9、plings made of glutinous rice flour and appreciate festive lanterns at the night of January 15.第12页，本讲稿共31页改正译文：改正译文：The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao(sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour)and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.第13页，本讲稿共31
10、页他的不合作态度使 这个项目进展十分缓慢。The project makes less progress because of hisThe project makes less progress because of his incorporation.incorporation.改正译文：改正译文：改正译文：改正译文：The project is making slow progress due to his lack of The project is making slow progress due to his lack of cooperation.cooperation.The
11、project is making slow progress because of his The project is making slow progress because of his uncooperativeness.uncooperativeness.His uncooperative attitude accounted for the slow His uncooperative attitude accounted for the slow progress of the project.progress of the project.His uncooperative
12、attitude resulted in the projects slow His uncooperative attitude resulted in the projects slow progress.progress.第14页，本讲稿共31页你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并缴费。你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并缴费。You whoever wants to go spring outing please sign You whoever wants to go spring outing please sign up your name and pay dues before
13、 Friday.up your name and pay dues before Friday.改正译文：改正译文：改正译文：改正译文：Whoever wants to join the spring outing should sign up Whoever wants to join the spring outing should sign up and pay the expenses before Friday.and pay the expenses before Friday.Those of you who want to go on the spring outing are
14、 Those of you who want to go on the spring outing are required to sign up and hand in the payment before required to sign up and hand in the payment before Friday.Friday.If any of you wants to take part in the spring outing,please If any of you wants to take part in the spring outing,please sign up
15、and pay for it before Friday.sign up and pay for it before Friday.第15页，本讲稿共31页我觉得这个店里的衣服即使六折也还是太贵。I think the clothes prices in the shop were so expensive I think the clothes prices in the shop were so expensive even if they are made 60 percent discount.even if they are made 60 percent discount.改正译文
16、：改正译文：改正译文：改正译文：I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if we could get a 40 percent discount.we could get a 40 percent discount.In my opinion,the clothes in the shop are still too high-In my opinion,the clothes in
17、the shop are still too high-priced even if they are discounted by 40 percent.priced even if they are discounted by 40 percent.The price of the clothes in the shop is still more than I The price of the clothes in the shop is still more than I would pay even if they are 40 percent off.would pay even i
18、f they are 40 percent off.第16页，本讲稿共31页万一你想取消这次旅行，请至少提前一个月书面通知我们。If you want to cancel this travel,please tell us by writing If you want to cancel this travel,please tell us by writing at least one month earlier.at least one month earlier.改正译文：改正译文：改正译文：改正译文：if you should want to cancel the trip,plea
19、se notify us in if you should want to cancel the trip,please notify us in writing at least one month in advance.writing at least one month in advance.If by any chance you want to cancel the trip,please give us If by any chance you want to cancel the trip,please give us at least one months written no
20、tice.at least one months written notice.第17页，本讲稿共31页想让他答应如此要求恐怕不大可能。Im afraid it is impossible for him to agree such requirement.改正译文：改正译文：(1)Im afraid it is unlikely for him to grant such a request.(2)it seems unlikely for him to grant such a request.(3)there seems to be little chance that he will
21、grant such a request.第18页，本讲稿共31页在董事会年会上，他提请大家注意一个被普遍忽视的问题。On the annual board of directors,he reminded everyone to pay attention to a problem which was ignored in common.改正译文：改正译文：At the annual meeting of the board of directors,he called(everyones)attention to a largely ignored problem.第19页，本讲稿共31页
22、Paragraph Translating Analysis 中国饮茶的风尚，到了第七世纪的唐代，中国饮茶的风尚，到了第七世纪的唐代，意境相当盛行了（意境相当盛行了（A）。那时日本派有大那时日本派有大批的留学生，到中国来学习中国文化，自批的留学生，到中国来学习中国文化，自然也学会了中国的饮茶（然也学会了中国的饮茶（B）。日本现在日本现在的所谓茶道，向西方人士夸说是日本独特的所谓茶道，向西方人士夸说是日本独特的艺术，其实完全是中国的古风，明代以的艺术，其实完全是中国的古风，明代以前的烹茶方法（前的烹茶方法（C）。除了日本以外，最除了日本以外，最讲究喝茶的外国人，应该是英国人了，而讲究喝茶的外国人
23、，应该是英国人了，而英国人懂得喝茶，至今还不过两三百年的英国人懂得喝茶，至今还不过两三百年的历史（历史（D）。第20页，本讲稿共31页A：By the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century,tea-drinking had become very popular in China.第21页，本讲稿共31页B：(1)At that time many Japanese students were sent to China to study Chinese culture.Naturally they acquired(got into)the Chinese
24、tea-drinking habit.(2)Naturally they learned to drink tea just like the Chinese.(3)Naturally they became accustomed to tea-drinking第22页，本讲稿共31页C：The so-called tea ceremony in modern Japan,boasted to Westerners as a unique Japanese art,was in fact entirely an ancient Chinese custom,the way to brew te
25、a before the Ming dynasty.第23页，本讲稿共31页DD：(1)Next to the Japanese,the foreign people who(1)Next to the Japanese,the foreign people who attach the greatest importance to tea drinking must be attach the greatest importance to tea drinking must be the British,who did not learn to drink tea until two or
26、the British,who did not learn to drink tea until two or three hundred years ago.three hundred years ago.(2)Except for the Japanese,no other foreigners attach more(2)Except for the Japanese,no other foreigners attach more importance to tea drinking than the British,who learned importance to tea drink
27、ing than the British,who learned to drink tea only two or three hundred years ago.to drink tea only two or three hundred years ago.第24页，本讲稿共31页 一六四四年，李自成挥师北上，攻入北京；一六四四年，李自成挥师北上，攻入北京；崇祯自缢于煤山，明朝就此覆亡（崇祯自缢于煤山，明朝就此覆亡（A）。假假如山海关统兵大帅吴三桂归顺李自成，中如山海关统兵大帅吴三桂归顺李自成，中国的近代史就会是另一个样子（国的近代史就会是另一个样子（B）。然而）。然而吴三桂却因为李自成抢
28、了他的爱妾陈圆圆，吴三桂却因为李自成抢了他的爱妾陈圆圆，“冲冠一怒为红颜冲冠一怒为红颜”，放清兵入关（，放清兵入关（C）。）。就这样，满族人轻而易举地接管了明朝的就这样，满族人轻而易举地接管了明朝的江山。江山。第25页，本讲稿共31页A:In 1644,the leader of revolting armies,Li Zicheng,led his army to attack the north and occupied Beijing,the capital of Ming Dynasty.Chongzhen,the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty,hu
29、ng himself to death at Mountain Mei.From then on,the Ming dynasty died out.第26页，本讲稿共31页B:If the chief commander of Shanghaiguan,Wu San-gui,came over and pledged allegiance to Li Zicheng,Chinese modern history would be another appearance.第27页，本讲稿共31页C:However,because Li Zicheng robbed his wife Chen Y
30、uanyuan,whom he loved deeply,so Wu San-gui flew into a rage for beauty and helped the troops of Qing come into Shanghaiguan.第28页，本讲稿共31页D.And in this case,the people of Man ruled the country instead of Ming without difficulty.第29页，本讲稿共31页练习：找出下面句子英译文中的错误，并加以改正：找出下面句子英译文中的错误，并加以改正：找出下面句子英译文中的错误，并加以改正
31、：找出下面句子英译文中的错误，并加以改正：1 1 这个机会我等了一辈子了，我绝不能错过它。这个机会我等了一辈子了，我绝不能错过它。这个机会我等了一辈子了，我绝不能错过它。这个机会我等了一辈子了，我绝不能错过它。I can never miss this chance which I am waiting for my whole life.I can never miss this chance which I am waiting for my whole life.2 2 我们公司在产品的包装和宣传上明显比不上竞争对手。我们公司在产品的包装和宣传上明显比不上竞争对手。我们公司在产品的包装和
32、宣传上明显比不上竞争对手。我们公司在产品的包装和宣传上明显比不上竞争对手。The packings and advertising propaganda of our company cant obviously compare with our The packings and advertising propaganda of our company cant obviously compare with our petitor.3 3 书店从各个出版社进书，得到的折扣从七五折到四折不等。书店从各个出版社进书，得到的折扣从七五折到四折不等。书店从各个出版社进书，得到的折扣从七五折到四折不等
33、。书店从各个出版社进书，得到的折扣从七五折到四折不等。The bookstore gets books from all kinds of publishing house,the discount they get vary The bookstore gets books from all kinds of publishing house,the discount they get vary from 75 percent to 40 percent.from 75 percent to 40 percent.4 4 他经常在背后讲人的坏话，让我非常反感。他经常在背后讲人的坏话，让我非常
34、反感。他经常在背后讲人的坏话，让我非常反感。他经常在背后讲人的坏话，让我非常反感。He often talks the others shortcoming behind the others back,this makes me He often talks the others shortcoming behind the others back,this makes me have a strong aversion to him.have a strong aversion to him.5 5 你能否在事业上获得成功，在很大程度上要取决于你待人接物的能力。你能否在事业上获得成功，在很
35、大程度上要取决于你待人接物的能力。你能否在事业上获得成功，在很大程度上要取决于你待人接物的能力。你能否在事业上获得成功，在很大程度上要取决于你待人接物的能力。第30页，本讲稿共31页Whether you get successful in your cause,to a great extent,it Whether you get successful in your cause,to a great extent,it depends on your ability of treating people.depends on your ability of treating people
36、.6 6从他最近的表现来看，老板不大可能同意给他涨工资。从他最近的表现来看，老板不大可能同意给他涨工资。从他最近的表现来看，老板不大可能同意给他涨工资。从他最近的表现来看，老板不大可能同意给他涨工资。Judging by his showing recently,the boss didnt possibly agree to give Judging by his showing recently,the boss didnt possibly agree to give him pay rise.him pay rise.7 7 他对经理说了坏话，使我期待已久的加薪化为泡影。他对经理说了坏
37、话，使我期待已久的加薪化为泡影。他对经理说了坏话，使我期待已久的加薪化为泡影。他对经理说了坏话，使我期待已久的加薪化为泡影。(1)Because of his vicious talk to my manager,my plan of getting a(1)Because of his vicious talk to my manager,my plan of getting a rise in salary which I had expected for a long time pricked the rise in salary which I had expected for a l
38、ong time pricked the bubble.bubble.(2)His speaking ill of me to the manager vanished a raise in my pay which(2)His speaking ill of me to the manager vanished a raise in my pay which I have been longing for like soap bubblesI have been longing for like soap bubbles8 8一想到头天晚上发生的不愉快，他的脸就沉了下来。一想到头天晚上发生的不愉快，他的脸就沉了下来。一想到头天晚上发生的不愉快，他的脸就沉了下来。一想到头天晚上发生的不愉快，他的脸就沉了下来。As soon as thinking of that annoyed matter which happened in the As soon as thinking of that annoyed matter which happened in the last night,he put on a grave expression.last night,he put on a grave expression.第31页，本讲稿共31页