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1、To do2021/8/11 星期三1一、动词不定式的作用动词不定式具有副词、形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、定语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。2021/8/11 星期三21.主语To live is to work.To save time is to lengthen life.但为使句子平衡但为使句子平衡,常用常用it 代它作主语代它作主语,把它移把它移到句子后部去到句子后部去.It is a great pleasure to play basketball.即即:It is/was+adj/n+to doIt is best to do so.2021/8/11 星期
2、三32.作表语作表语His job is to teach English.The main thing is to keep our machine from rust.A.表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情。He is to marry Rose.B.表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性。Her wish was to become an artist.C.表示情态意义(应该,必须)。The form is to be filled in and returned within a week.She is to blame.2021/8/11 星期三43.作宾语（跟在某些动词后）I learn to
3、 speak English.They decided to begin the expriment at once.A.跟不定式作宾语的常见动词:（）hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage,try、dare,help,promise、refuse、learn、offer、agree、forget ,bother ask beg decide seem preten wish demand refuse man
4、age happen.2021/8/11 星期三5B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,explaintell sb what to do2021/8/11 星期三64作宾语补足语I like you to do it this way.Please ask John to turn on the light.跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词A.let,have,make,get等表使役的动词等表使役的动词They made us go with them.注意注意:Le
5、t/have/make sb.do;get sb.to doThey got us to go with them.注意：变被动式要加注意：变被动式要加toThe boy was made to study.2021/8/11 星期三7B.ask,tell,request,order等表要求等表要求,命令的动词命令的动词The chairman requested the members to be silent.C.allow,permit,forbid等表许可或禁止的动词等表许可或禁止的动词 The guard forbade me to enter.D.wish,want,expect,
6、intend等表希望的动词等表希望的动词(hope无此无此用法用法)Many parents expect their children to study abroadE.see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel等表感官的动词等表感官的动词I noticed tears come into his eyes.We often hear her sing the song at home.注注:感官动词后的不定式均不带感官动词后的不定式均不带to 2021/8/11 星期三8F.其他动词其他动词advise,help,persuade,encour
7、age,warn,cause,force,remind Please remind me to take the raincoat.2021/8/11 星期三95.作定语（1）动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。He said he had an important to attend.The fisherman had nothing to take home that moring.(2)如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。Give me a piece of paper to write on.He is looking for a room to live in.2021/8/11 星期三10(3)有很多名词常可用不定式作定语。Decision,wish,chance,promise,plan,time,attempt,effort,right,ability,patienceHe had no chance to go to school.Tom had no time to think about rest.Is that the best way to solve the problem?2021/8/11 星期三112021/8/11 星期三122021/8/11 星期三13