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1、非谓语动词2021/8/11 星期三1一、非谓语动词的考点一、非谓语动词的考点1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；2、非谓语动词作定语；、非谓语动词作定语；3、非谓语动词作主语和表语；、非谓语动词作主语和表语；4、非谓语动词作宾语；、非谓语动词作宾语；5、非谓语动词作宾补；、非谓语动词作宾补；6、非谓语动词作状语；、非谓语动词作状语；7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。2021/8/11 星期三2二、非谓语动词的句法功能二、非谓语动词的句法功能不不定定式式主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语动动名名词词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语
2、定语分分词词表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语2021/8/11 星期三3三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：高考题点击：1.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.(93 N)A.angrily pointingB.and point angrily C.angrily pointedD.and angrily pointing2.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.（
3、04上海春季）A.seizing.,disappeared B.seized.,disappeared C.seizing,disappearing D.seized,disappearing 两个动作之间用两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故谓语动词作状语，故C错。错。seized 和和 took 是并列谓语，是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关是伴随状语。此题的
4、关键是键是and 的位置，如果的位置，如果 and 在在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。前，则三个动词并列。AD2021/8/11 星期三4四、非谓语动词作主语和表语四、非谓语动词作主语和表语高考题点击：高考题点击：1.Fishing is his favorite hobby,and _.(01 上海)A.hed like to collect coins as well B.he feels like collecting coins,too C.to collect coins is also his hobby D.collecting coins also gives hi
5、m great pleasure 2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.(05北京卷)A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having在在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。动名词连接的并列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。动名词 fishing 和和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极
6、大的乐趣。是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”DD2021/8/11 星期三5非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，如：构问题，如：Seeing is believing./To see is to believe.第二需要注意一些结构：第二需要注意一些结构：A)在在 Its no use(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名等结构中只用动名 词作主语。词作主语。如：如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow.注意比较：注意比较：Theres n
7、o need to tell him about it.B)在在 Its+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：Its easy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enough)后加后加 for sb.to do Its kind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,
8、thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的自私的)后加后加 of sb.to do2021/8/11 星期三63.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.(99 N)A.not make B.not to makeC.not making D.do not makeB动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及及 not to make it more difficult 都作都作
9、purpose 的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。一一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表表示示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语等名词作主语时其表语应该应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业身份、职业”等。等。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。2021/8/11 星期三7五、
10、非谓语动词作定语五、非谓语动词作定语 高考题点击：高考题点击：1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.（04上海）A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt 2.A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night.（04江苏）A.advised B.attended C.attempted D.admitted 该题的谓语动词是该题的谓语
11、动词是 attract，“闻起来很香闻起来很香”用来作定语修用来作定语修饰饰主语主语 flowers。BC“谋杀谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。2021/8/11 星期三83.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(00 北京春季)A.having hung B.hanging C.hangsD.being hung4.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(99 上海)A.to be chosenB.to
12、choose from C.to chooseD.for choosingBBhang 作及物动词用时表示人为的作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂挂”；作不及物动词用；作不及物动词用时时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang 为不及物动为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。词，所以用现在分词作定语。动词不定式动词不定式 to choose from 和和 to choose 都可以作定语，问题都可以作定语，问题是是 to choose 作定语时该名词是作定语时该名词是 choose 的对象；的对象；to choose from 作定语时，该名词是作定语时，该名词是
13、choose 的范围。该题指的是范围的范围。该题指的是范围.2021/8/11 星期三9非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：A)分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；B)动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；C)不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：D)在在 time,chance,right 等名词后；等名词后；E)在序数词后；在序数词后；F)在在 wish,need,demand,requirement 等词后。等词后。D)表
14、示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done 表示已经完成的动作表示已经完成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始的动作表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作表示正在进行之中的动作2021/8/11 星期三10六、非谓语动词作宾补六、非谓语动词作宾补高考题点击：高考题点击：1.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.(95 N)A.not toB.not to doC.not to itD.do not toA为了
15、避免重复，常用省略形式为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school?Yes,Id like to.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除 tell 外，常见的还外，常见的还有：有：adviseallowcauseconsider encourage forbid forceintendorder permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want 等等特别注意：特别注意：hope,agree,d
16、emand,suggest 等没有宾补。等没有宾补。2021/8/11 星期三112.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.(95 N)A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning3.A computer does only what thinking people _.(99 上海)A.have it doB.have it done C.have done itD.having it done使役动词使役动词 make/have/let sb.do sth.但改为被动语态后，但改为被动语态后，则应为
17、：则应为：be made/let to do。注意其它不带。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定的动词不定式的用法。式的用法。此句中的此句中的 it 指代的是指代的是 a computer，what 在从句中作在从句中作 do 的的宾宾语，表示语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事人们让计算机所做的事“应该用应该用 people have a computer do 这一结构。需要注意的是这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个常用的几个常用结构：结构：have sb./sth.do;have sb./sth.done;have sb./sth.doing;have sb./sth.to doBA2021/
18、8/11 星期三124.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.(00 N)A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out5.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(94 N)A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to playthat 引导的是定语从句，修饰引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作，在从句中作 see 的宾的宾语。
19、因此从句中的结构应为语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。为正在进行的动作。CA2021/8/11 星期三13七、非谓语动词作宾语七、非谓语动词作宾语 高考题点击：高考题点击：1.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt tur
20、ned up yet.(95 N)A.having met B.meeting C.to meetD.to have met2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ to my new job.(00 N)A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expectsCB注意注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire
21、,plan,pretend,等；注意注意2：动词 know,show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。2021/8/11 星期三143.I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.(01 上海)A.to have had timeB.having time C.to have timeD.to having timeB仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise r
22、esist risk suggest stand forgivekeep allow advise permit forbid 但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词 want,need,require,demand 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。2021/8/11 星期三154.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.(95 N)A.to do B.to be
23、doingC.to have done D.having done5.-Let me tell you something about the journalists.-Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday?(99 上海)A.toldB.tellingC.to tellto have told6.In some parts of London,missing a bus means _ for another hour.(02 上海春季)A.waitingB.to waitC.waitD.to be waitingDBA特别注意带不定式和动名词作
24、宾语时意义不同的动词：特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：remember,forget,regret,try,go on,mean,miss,stop2021/8/11 星期三167.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?(93 N)A.to takeB.takeC.takingD.to be taking8.-I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right.(94 N)A.letting you not knowB.not letting you know C
25、.letting you know notD.letting not you know9.Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.(01 上海春季)A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.to admitCBA介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有三个介词介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有三个介词 but(except)/than/be about 后要接不定式作宾语。后要接不定式作宾语。2021/8/11 星期三1710.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always
26、 prefers _ a bicycle.(94 N)A.ride rideB.riding ride C.ride to rideD.to ride riding注意注意 prefer 的几个常用句型：的几个常用句型：prefer to do sth.than do sth.prefer doing sth.to doing sth.prefer+n.to+n.C2021/8/11 星期三1811.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.(01 上海春季)A.set u
27、pB.setting upC.have set up D.having set up12.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.(02 北京)A.to solving makingB.to solving made C.to solve makingD.to solve madeBB要特别注意要特别注意 to 的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。的词性，分析
28、其为介词还是不定式。admit to，be accustomed to 习惯于，习惯于，be used to，stick to，turn to，devote oneself to，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to,get down to 等等 2021/8/11 星期三19八、非谓语动词作状语八、非谓语动词作状语高考题点击：高考题点击：1.-Mum,why do you always make me eat an egg every day?-_ enough protein and nutrition as you are grow
29、ing up.(99 上海)A.GetB.GettingC.To getD.To be getting2._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.(01 北京春季)A.To sleep B.SleepingC.SleepD.Having slept3.In order to make our city green,_.(02 上海春季)A.it is necessary to have planted more trees B.many more trees need to plant C.our city needs more tre
30、es D.we must plant more treesCAD2021/8/11 星期三204._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.(96 N)A.LosingB.Having lostC.LostD.To lose5._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(00 北京春季)A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD.Having given6.He sent me an
31、E-mail,_ to get further information.(00 上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.to hopeD.hopelose oneself in sth.表示表示“陷入陷入”，主语，主语 he 为为 lose 的宾语。的宾语。given 作状语意为作状语意为“考虑到考虑到”，意思相当于，意思相当于 considering。注意注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的面的 to get。CAB2021/8/11 星期三217.The research is so designed that once _
32、nothing can be done to change it.(02 N)A.beginsB.having begunC.beginningD.begun8.Finding her car stolen,_.(01 上海).A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searching thoroughly C.it was looked for everywhere D.she hurried to a policeman for help once 在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子
33、主语的关系。的关系。begin为及物动词，意为为及物动词，意为“开始、启动开始、启动”，故该用，故该用过过去分词。去分词。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。DD2021/8/11 星期三22九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动 高考题点击：高考题点击：1.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.(97 N)A.to go B.having goneC.goingD.to have gone2.Robert is sai
34、d _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.(99 N)A.to have studiedB.to study C.to be studyingD.to have been studyingDA would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。表示本想去做，但没做成。本题的关键是本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知，由此可知事情发生在过去。事情发生在过去。2021/8/11 星期三233.Do let your mother know all the truth.S
35、he appears _ everything.(01 上海)A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.(02 N)A.to seeB.to be seenC.seeingD.seen本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。必要再隐瞒了。rem
36、ain 后接后接 to do，此处，此处 it 指代的是后面的主语从句。指代的是后面的主语从句。他他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。DB2021/8/11 星期三245._ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.(02 上海)A.ExposedB.Having exposed C.Being exposedD.After being exposed6._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up
37、the river.(01 N)A.Having suffered B.SufferingC.To sufferD.Suffered7.Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.(00 上海)A.having not been invited B.not having invited C.having not invited D.not having been invited该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。CAD2021/8/11 星期三258.With a lot of difficult problems _,
38、the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(02 上海春季)A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD.being settled with+n./pron.+O.C.构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用状语。用 settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用表示已经解决了的问题；用 being settled 表示正在被解决的问题；用表示正在被解决的问题；用 to be settled 表示将要被解决表示将要被解决的的问题。而此处的问题。而此处的 to settle 是用来作定语修饰前面的是用来作定语修饰前面的 problems。另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。C2021/8/11 星期三262021/8/11 星期三272021/8/11 星期三28