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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载动词（ I ） 学问归纳讲解及专项训练一、概述动词是表示动作或状态的词；句子中的谓语成分是由动词充当的,谓语通常是句中不行缺少的成分,因此动词是英语词类中最重要的一种；动词可以通过本身的变化来表示动作发生的时间以及说话人的语气、态度等；1动词的种类动词按其词义和在句中的作用可以分为：行为动词（或称实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词；详见下表：动词分类 特点 例词 例句行 为 动 词 vt./vi. 表示动作或状态； 有完整的词义； 能独立作谓语； 按其带不带宾语、分为及物动词（带宾语）和不及物动词（不带宾语）help
2、帮忙（ vt.）see观察（ vt.）go 去（vi.）fly 飞（ vi.） He often helps me. I can see a bird in the tree. Planes can fly. 连 系 动 词 link v. 本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,必需和表语一起构成谓语（名词性合成谓语）be 是 look 看起来 seem 好像 get 变得 become 变成,成为 He is an English teacher. They look the same. 助 动 词 v. aux. 本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语；可用来表示否定, 疑问、时态
3、、语态、语气等； be; have; do; will; shall He doesnt speak English. We are playing basketball Do you have a brother. 情 态 动 词mod v. 本身有肯定词义, 但不完整； 不能独立作谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的态度can; many; must; need; dare; will; would; shall; should She can speak a little English. May I come in. We must go now. 留意：1）行为动词又可分为
4、及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）两种；及物动词作谓语,后面必需跟宾语意思才完整；不及物动词作谓语,后面不能跟宾语,只有加上介词后才可接宾 语；2）英语中有些动词常常是既作及物动词又作不及物动词；既作连系动词工作及物动词；例如：He speaks English very well. vt. 他英语讲得好；He spoke at the meeting. （vi.）_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 16 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载另外,动词按其在句中能否作谓语,又可分为谓语动词（non-finite verb ）两大类
5、；说明：谓语动词又称限定动词,非谓语动词又称非限定动词；非谓语动词中学阶段主要学习动词不定式的用法；2动词的基本形式finite verb ）和非谓语动词英语动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词和第三人称单数形式；如： work-worked-worked-working-works 形式 构成 例词；它们的构成及形式详见下表；动词原形 不带 to 的动词不定式形式 （也就是词典中一般赐予的形式）be, have, do, come 过去式与过去分词（规章变化）1在动词原形后加-ed 2以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词,先将 y 变为 i 再加 -ed 3以重读闭音节一个辅音
6、字母结尾的动词,加-ed work worked carry carried stop stopped先双写结尾的辅音字母再现在分词 1在动词原形后加-ing 2以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,去掉 e 再加 -ing 3以重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾的动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ing 4少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词要变 ie 为 y,再加 -ing read reading write writing swimswimming die dying第三人称单数形式 1在动词原形后加-s 2以 ch, sh, s, o, x 结尾的动词后加-es 3以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词,先将 y 变为
7、i,再加 -es 4以元音字母 +y 结尾的动词后加-s run runs teach teacheswash washes go goes pass passestry tries stay stays说明：1）词尾 -ed 在清辅音后读 t ；在浊辅音和元音后读d ；在 t 和d 后读 id ；2）词尾 -es 或-s 在s 、z、t 、d 后面读 iz ；在清辅音后读 s；在浊辅音及元音后读 z ；在 t , d 后读 ts 、dz ；3）不规章动词的过去式与过去分词就要依据不规章动词表逐步记住；二、动词的时态 在英语中,由于谓语动作发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要
8、 发生相应的变化；这些动词的变化形式就叫做动词的时态；中学阶段主要学习,把握以下八种时态；1一般现在时 1）构成_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 16 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载动词一般现在时,除主语为单数第三人称以外,谓语动词一律用原形,如主语为第三人称单数,就谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加 式；详见下表：动词 to be 动词 to have -s 或-es）；另外 be 和 have 有特殊的人称变化形I am a student You are a student He She is a student. We You
9、, They are students I have a pen. You have a pen. He She has a pen. We You, They have pens. 2）用法 a表示常常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态；常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, every day 等；I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日,我每天上学；There are fifty students in our class. 我们班上有五十个同学；b表示主语的身份或特点；His father is a doctor.
10、他的父亲是医生；Tom is tall. 汤姆个子高；c表示一种客观事实或普遍真理 The earth is round. 地球是圆的 . The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大；d在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来；If you dont go soon, youll be late. 假如你不快去的话,你就要迟到了；I will wait for you until you come back. 我将始终等到你回来；_精品资料_ 2一般过去时1）构成第 3 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - -
11、- - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载一般过去时其谓语动词使用动词过去式形式；确定式 否定式 疑问式 一般动词 I You, He, She, We, They worked there. I You, He, She, We, They did not work there. Did you I, he, she, we, they work there. I He, She, It was there. We You, They were there I He, She, It was not be 动词 there. We You, They were not there. Was I
12、he, she, it there. Were you we, they there. have 动词 I You, He, She, We, They had books. I You, He, She, We, They had not/ didnt have any books Had I you, he, she, we, they any books. 或 Did I you, he .have any books. 2）用法a表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the ot
13、her day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in the old days, when I was at middle school 等；He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了；She wasnt at home last night. 她昨晚上在家；Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon. 你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？b表示过去常常或反复发生的动作；I got up very early at that time. 我那时总是起得
14、很早；Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. 玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚,从来都没有足够时间吃早饭；3一般将来时 1）构成动词一般将来时由助动词shall 或 will 加动词原形构成；shall 用于第一人称作主语,will 用于其次、三人称作主语；除英国以外的说英语的国家,在陈述句中,即使在第一人称_精品资料_ 作主语时一般也使用助动词will ,在英国现在也有这种趋势；在口语中, shall,will 常缩写成第 4 页,共 16 页
15、I ll Youll, Well等；在否定句中,will not 缩写成 wont shall not 缩写成 shant；- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 确定式否定式疑问式学习必备欢迎下载I We shall / will go there I We shall / will not go thereShall I we go there. You He, She, They will go there You He, She, They will not go there Will you he, she, they go there. 2）
16、用法 a表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态；常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days等；Ill go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她；He wont go there tomorrow morning. 他明天上午不到那儿去；Will you do it again. 你再做一遍好吗？b有时没有时间状语,依据上下文判定其谓语动作是将要发生的；I dont know who will do it. 我不知道谁将做这件事；Dont worry, he will be there on
17、 time. 别焦急,他会准时在那儿；c表示将来常常发生的动作；From now on Ill get up early every morning. 从今以后,我每天早晨早起；留意：1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,除了用上述的一般将来时外,仍可以用 be going to 来表示； be going to 这个结构表示： a即将发生的动作；b主语准备或预备要做的事； c说话人依据已有的迹象判定即将发生的事；be going to 结构中的 be 随着句子中主语 的人称而变化；例如：We are going to learn English. 我们将学习英语；How are you goi
18、ng to spend your holidays. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 16 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载你们准备怎样度过假期？Look at these black clouds. I think its going to rain. 看这些黑云,我想天要下雨了；2）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,一般将来时要用一般现在时代替；例如：He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空时会来看你的；They will ring you up as soon as they
19、 get back. 他们一回来就打电话给你；4现在进行时 1）构成现在进行时由助动词 疑问式的结构如下：be 的人称形式加动词的现在分词构成；它的确定式,否定式及确定式否定式疑问式I am working now. I am not working now. Am I working now. You are working now. He She is working now. We You, They are working now. You are not working now. He She is not working now. We You, They are not work
20、ing now. Are you working now. Is he, she working now. Are you we, they working now. 2）用法 a现在进行时表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行；Who are you waiting for. 你在等谁？He knows that we are helping him now. 他知道我们现在正在帮忙他；b在现阶段正在进行的动作,但不肯定说话时动作正在进行；The students are working on the farm there days. 这些天同学们正在农场劳动；c有些动词的进行时态仍可用来表示将来时；
21、这类动词有go, come, leave, arrive, move, die 等；He is coming soon. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 16 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载他不久就要来了；Mary is arriving here at 4 o/clock this afternoon. 玛丽今日下午四点到达这里；留意：1）表示状态或感觉的动词,如：know, love, like, want, hear, see, think等,一般没有进行时态,由于它们不能表示正在进行的动作；但是,假如词义发生变化,能表
22、示一个正在进行的动作,也可使用进行时态；例如：Stop, I am thinking. 停下来,我正在想问题呢；2）无法连续动作的动词,如：jump, begin, start, stop 等一般不宜用于进行时态；但是,如想表示动作反复或即将发生,也可使用进行时态；例如：He is jumping up and down. 他一下一下地跳个不停；5现在完成时 1）构成现在完成时由have 的人称形式加动词的过去分词构成；它的确定式、 否定式及疑问式如下：确定式否定式疑问式I We, You, They have done it. He She has done it. I We, You, T
23、hey have not done it. He She has not done it. Have you they, I , we done it. Has he she done it. 2）用法a表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,对现在仍有影响；She has been ill for three days. 她病了三天了；He has already left. 他已经走了；b表示从过去某一时间开头始终连续到现在的动作或状态；Weve known each other since we were children. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 16
24、页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载我们从小就熟悉；留意：在用 already, always, yet, just, ever, never 等副词作状语时,或者由 for, since 引起的短语 作状语或状语从句时,句子的谓语动词常用现在完成时；区分：1）have has been to 与 have has gone to have has been to +某地,表示到过某地,说明去过某地,说话时已经回来了；have has gone to +某地,说明去某地了,说话时仍没有回来；例如：He has been to Beijing three t
25、imes. 他去过北京三次；He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了；2）have has been to do sth. 仍可以表示做过某事；事了；例如：He has been to see Tom in the hospital. 他去医院看过汤姆；He has gone to see Tom in the hospital. 他到医院看汤姆去了；have has gone to do sth.就表示去做某3）have got 虽然在形式上是现在完成时,却和 have 是相同的意思；例如：Have you got any book.=Do you have any bo
26、ok. 你有书吗？6过去进行时 1）构成 过去进行时由 be 动词的过去式加动词的现在分词构成；2）用法_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 16 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作；过去进行常常与表 示过去的时间状语如：then at that time, once, a moment ago 等连用, 或者用另一动作表示过去 的时间；例如：I was writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening. 我昨晚七点在家写信；
27、He was watching TV when I came home yesterday evening. 电视；7过去完成时 1）构成 过去完成时由助动词 had 加动词的过去分词构成；2）用法昨天晚上回家时,他在家看过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前或过去某一动作以前已完成的动作,即过去的过去；为了更简单懂得过去完成时的时间概念,使之与过去时有明显的区分,可见下面的时间示意图；例如：I had learned eight hundred English words by the end of last year. 到去年年底之前,我已经学会了八百个英语单词；（在过去某一时间之前）He had
28、 finished his work before I came here. （在过去另一动作之前）在我来这儿以前,他已经完成了工作；说明：1）在包含 when, as soon as, before, after, until 等连词的复合句中,如主句谓语和从句谓语 所表示的过去的动作是在不同时间发生的,那么,先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时；例如：I told them after you had left. 你走后我就告知了他们；I had been at the bus stop for twenty minutes when a bus finally came.
29、我在公共汽车站等了二非常钟,汽车最终来了；_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 16 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2）假如主句动作和从句动作紧接着发生,特殊是连词为after 或 before 时,由于连词本身很清晰地说明白动作发生的先后,两个动作此时都可使用一般过去时来表示；例如：After we said good-bye to them, we left the village. 在和他们辞别后,我们就离开了村庄；8过去将来时 1）构成 should,其他人称用 过去将来时由助动词 should 或 would 加动词原形构
30、成；第一人称用 would ；但目前在美、英等国也有第一人称用 would 的情形；2）用法a过去将来时是个相对的时态,主要用于从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情；常用在宾语从句中表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后；They said they would go to visit the second factory. 他们说他们将要去参观其次个工厂；The teacher told us that there would be a concert the next Tuesday. 老师告知我们下周二将要有场音乐会；b过去将来时也可由“ was / were going to + 动词原形 ”来
31、表示；She said she was going to see her uncle. 她说她要去探望她的叔叔；c有些动词的过去进行时也可表示过去将来时；一般将来时的用法相同；这一用法与某些动词的现在进行时表示I didnt have much time to talk with you became I was leaving for Shanghai in two hours. 我没有多少时间跟你谈话了,由于再过两个小时我就要动身去上海；留意：“ would+动词原形 ”有时并不表示过去将来时,而表示一种客气的恳求；例如：Would you please open the window.
32、请把窗子打开好吗？三、随堂监测 A 组 单项挑选：_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 16 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1. Look. There _ some apples in that tree. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2Well have to clean the plates before Mother _ home. A. will come B. is coming C. come D. comes 3-Will your mother _ you if you _ the E
33、nglish exam. -Of course not. Because I am trying my best. A. be angry with; dont pass B. be angry with; wont pass C. be angry to; dont pass D. be angry to; wont pass 4Im sorry youve missed the train, it _ 10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left 5. I dont think I _ you in tha
34、t dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see 6. _ you _ to the radio. -No, you can turn it off. A. Did; listen B. Have; listened C. Do; listen D. Are; listening 7. -Wheres Mr Lee. I have something unusual to tell him. -You _ find him. He _ Japan. A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has b
35、een to C. cant; has gone to D. cant; has been to 8. -I wont come to the party unless Sue _, too. -You mean if Sue comes youll come. A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 9. The world _. Things never stay the same. A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change 10. -Excuse me,
36、does Mr Smiths son live here. -He _ live here, but he has moved. A. has to B. used to C. tried to D. happened to 11. The children planted more threes and flowers after they _ Greener China. A. joined B. took part in C. became D. were 12. -Wheres Mr Zhang. -He _ London. A. has been to B. has been C.
37、has gone D. has gone to _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 16 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载13. -Do you know if he _ to play basketball with us. -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 14. -May I speak to Mabel, please. -Sor
38、ry. Shes _ Pairs. A. gone in B. been in C. gone to D. been to 15. My pen friend Phillip _ to see me from Australia. He will be here soon. A. comes B. came C. has come D. is coming 16. I wont go to the concert because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming 17. -Do you know Jack
39、 well. -Certainly, we _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have made C. have become D. have been 18. -Where is Jim. -He _ to the shop. Hell back in an hour. A. goes B. go C. has gone D. will go 19. -Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS. -Sorry, I _ it. A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D
40、. wont see 20. Jims father said to him, I hope you _ what I _ you to buy. A. didnt forget; told B. not to forget; have told C. wont forget; have told D. havent forgotten; will tell 21. I like my new bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden 22. A lot of trees _ along the
41、 river last year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted 23. These books _ out of the reading room. You have to read them here. A. must be taken B. cant take C. can take D. mustnt be taken 24. - Whose CD player is this. -Its mine. It _ me 800 yuan. A. took B. spent C. paid D. cost 25. -May I _ you Chinese-English