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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 初一至初三全程英语学问点总结及练习 初一年级（上）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about .
2、s3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.5. Its time for 6. What s . It is / It7. Where is . Its .m .8. How old are you. I9. What class are you in. I m in .s Theyre 10. Welcome to .11. What s plus . Its .12. I think13. Whos this. This is .14. What can you see？ I can see,. 15. There is are .16. What col
3、our is it are they. It17. Whose is this. Its .18. What time is it. Its .III. 交际用语_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 48 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 1. Good morning, Miss/Mr .2. Hello. Hi. 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you. I m fine, thank you/thanks. And you. 5. See you. See you lat
4、er. 6. Thank you. Youre welcome.7. Goodbye. Bye. 8. What s your name. My name is .9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who s on duty today. 11. Lets do.12. Let me see. IV. 重要语法 1. 动词 be 的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和全部格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be 句型的用法；【名师讲解】1.in/on 在表示空间位置时,in 表示在某个空间的范畴以内,on 表示在某
5、一个物体的表面之上；例如： There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟； There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图；2. this/that/these/those 1this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,these 是 this 的复数形式； that those 时 that 的复数形式；例如：You look in this box and I ll look in that one over there. 你看看这个盒子, 我去看那边的那个盒子；I want
6、this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆；Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去；This is mine; that s yours. 这个是我的,那个是你的；These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果,那些是橘子；2在打电话的用语中,this 常常指的是我,that 常常指的是对方；例如：This is Mary speaking. Who s that. 我是玛丽；你是谁？3. There be/ have There be 有,其准确含意为 某处或某
7、时存在某人或某物；其结构是： There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语；There be 后面的名词实际上是主语,be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一样,be 动词后面的名词是单数或不行数名词时用 is,名词是复数时用 are；例如： 1 There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐；2 There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃；3 There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有很多苹果；总之, There be 结构强调的是一种客观存在的有；hav
8、e 表示 拥有,占有,具有,即：某人有某物 sb. have / has sth.；主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系；例如：_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 48 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 4 I have two brothers and one sister. 我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐；5 That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间；4. look/ see/ watch 1look 表示“ 看、瞧”,着重指仔细看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地留意看,但不肯定看 到,以提示对方留意； ,如：Look. The
9、 children are playing computer games. 瞧；孩子们在玩电脑嬉戏；Look. What s that over there. 看；那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人 /物,其后接介词 at,才能带宾语,如：Hes looking at me；他正在看着我；2see 强调“ 看”的结果, 着重的是 look 这个动作的结果,意思是 “ 看到” ,see是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语；如：What can you see in the picture. 你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you se
10、e on it. 看黑板；你看到了什么？3watch “ 观看,凝视”,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观看或凝视某事务的活动,强调过程,常用于“ 看电视、看足球、看演出” 等；如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV. 昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球竞赛；4. put on/ / in put on 意为“ 穿上,戴上”；主要指“ 穿上” 这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词；in 是介词,表示“ 穿着” 强调状态；在句中可以做定语、标语和状语；如：Its cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷,穿上你的外衣；
11、He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子,走了出去；The woman in a white blouse is John s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是 John 的妈妈；5. house/ home/family house ：“ 房子” ,指居住的建筑物 ; Home: “ 家” ,指一个人同家人共同常常居住的地方 ; Family: “ 家庭 “ ,“ 家庭成员”；例如： Please come to my house this afternoon. 今日下午请到我家来；He is not at home. 他不在家； My family
12、all get up early. 6. fine, nice, good, well 我们全家都起得很早；四者都可用作形容词表示 好 之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语；主要区分在于：1 fine 指物时表示的是质量上的 精细 ,形容人时表示的是身体健康 ,也 可以用来指 天气晴朗 ；例如： Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康；Thats a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器Its a fine day for a walk today.今日是漫步的好时候；2nice 主要侧重于人或物的外表,有美好 ,美丽 的意思,也可用于
13、问候或颂扬别人；例如： Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很美丽；These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看；Nice to meet you. 见到你很兴奋；Its very nice of you. 你真好；3good 形容人时指 品德好 ,形容物时指 质量好 ,是表示人或物各方面都好的一般用语；例如： Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好同学；The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好；4well 只可用来形容人的 身体好 ,但不能作定语, 它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后；例如：
14、Im very well, thanks. 我身体很好,感谢；My friends sing well. 我的伴侣们唱歌得好；【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 48 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 1. 动词 be 的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和全部格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be 句型的用法；6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语；考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子；【中考范例】1. 2022 年北京市中考试题
15、 Mary, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 【解析】答案：D；该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法；此题中动词 show 后面跟双宾语,空白处应填入人称代词的宾格 me 作宾语；2. 2022 年上海市徐汇区中考试题 _ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The 【解析】答案： D；该题考查的是冠词的基本用法；由于是特指课桌上的那个橘子,所以用定冠词 the；3. 2022 年哈尔滨市中考试题 -What _ the number of the
16、 girls in your class. -About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be 【解析】答案： A ；该题考查的是动词 be 的用法和主谓一样；the number 作主语,应当是单数第三人称,动词 be 变为 is；4. 2022 年陕西省中考试题 There _ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have 【解析】答案：B；该题考查的是 There be, 句型和动词 have 用法区分； There
17、be 句型本身就表示“ 在某个地方存在某个人或物”,不能和动词 have 混在一起用；初一年级（下）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot of 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from 9. do ones homework10. do the shopping 11. get down _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 48 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 12. get home 13. get to 14.
18、get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast 19. have lunch 20. have supper 21. listen to 22. not at all 23. put away 24. take off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factor
19、y II. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth. 2. Could sb. do sth. 3. would like sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. What about something to eat. 6. How do you spell . .7. May I borrowIII. 交际用语1. Thanks very much. Youre welcome. 2. Put it/them away. 3. Whats wrong. 4. I think so. I dont think so. 5. I want to take some
20、 books to the classroom. 6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK. 9. Whats your favourite sport. 10. Dont worry. 11.I m not good at basketball.12. Do you want a go. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 48 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 13. Thats right./ Thats all rig
21、ht./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries. Yes, I do. / No, I dont.15. We / They have some CDs. We / They dont have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow. -It s Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please. -Certainly. Here you are. 18. -Where are you from. -From Bei
22、jing. 19. Whats your telephone number in New York. 20. -Do you like hot dogs. -Yes, I do. A little. / A lot. / Very much. -No, I dont. I dont like them at all. 21. -What does your mother like. -She likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. -When do you go to school every day. -I go to school at
23、7:00 every day. 23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening. -He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法1.人称代词的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 现在进行时的构成和用法；4动词 have 的用法；5一般现在时构成和用法；6可数名词和不行数名词的构成和用法【名师讲解】1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.Thats right 意为“ 对的”,表示赞同对方的看法、看法或行为,确定对方的答案或判定； 例如： I think we must help the
24、 old man. 我想我们应当帮忙这位老人；Thats right. 或 Youre right. 说得对 ；Thats all right. 意为“ 不用谢”、“ 没关系” ,用来回答对方的致谢或赔礼；例如：Many thanks. Thats all right. Sorry. Its broken. Thats all right. All right. 意为“ 行了”、“ 可以” ,表示同意对方的建议或要求；有时仍可以表示“ 身体很好”Please tell me about it. 请把此事告知我； All right. 好吧； Is your mother all right.
25、你妈身体好吗2. make/do _精品资料_ 这两个词都可以说明为“ 做”,但含义却不同,不能混用；make 指做东西或制东西,do 指第 6 页,共 48 页做一件详细的事；Can you make a paper boat for me. 你能为我做个纸船吗？- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - Hes doing his homework now. 他正在做他的作业；3. say/speak/talk/tell say：是最口语化的最一般的一个词,意为“ 说出”、“ 说道” ,着重所说的话；如：“ I want to go there by b
26、us ”, he said . 他说,“ 我要坐汽车到那里去； ” Please say it in English .请用英语说；speak : “ 说话” ,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词 即后面不能直接接宾语 ；如：Can you speak about him. 你能不能说说他的情形？I don t like to speak like this. 我不喜爱这样说话；speak 作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的才能；如： She speaks English well.她英语说得好；talk : 与 speak 意义相近,也着重说话的
27、动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,不过, talk 示意话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话；如： I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事；Old women like to talk with children. 老年妇女喜爱和孩子们交谈；tell : “ 告知”,除较少情形外,一般后面总接双宾语；如：Hes telling me a story. 他在给我讲故事；tell a lie 撒谎tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如： .Miss Z
28、hao often tells us to study hard. 4. do cooking/ do the cooking do cooking 作“ 做饭” 解,属泛指；do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭；cooking为动名词, 不能用作复数, 但前面可用some, much 修饰； 从 do some cooking 可引出很多类似的短语： do some washing 洗些衣服 do some shopping 买些东西 do some reading 读书 do some writing 写些东西 do some fishing 钓鱼 从以上短语可引申出另
29、一类短语,不能用 some, much 或定冠词；go shopping 去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船 go swimming 去游泳 5. like doing sth./ like to do sth. like doing sth. 与 like to do sth. 意思相同,但用法有区分；前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示 动作的习惯性和常常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作；例如：He likes playing football, but he doesn t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜爱踢足球,但是
30、他不喜爱和李明踢；6. other/ others/ the other/ another other 表其余的,别的,如：Have you any other questions. 你仍有其他问题吗. others 别的人, 别的东西 .如：In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋 子里一些人是美国人 ,其他的是法国人；the other 表另一个（二者之中）one, , the other, 如： One of my two brothers studies English, the other studi
31、es Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文 ,另一个学中文；another 表三者以上的另一个,另一些如：There is room for another few books on the shelf. 书架上仍可以放点书；7. in the tree/ on the tree in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为 在树上 但英语中有区分；in the tree 表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,要 使用 on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree.
32、 那棵树上有些苹果； There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟；8. some/ any _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 48 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - some 和 any 既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不行数名词；但有以下两点需要留意；1some 常用于确定句中,any 常用于否定句和疑问句中；如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass.There isnt any water in the glass. 2在说话者期望
33、得到确定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示恳求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依 然用 some；如： Would you like some tea. 9. tall/ high 1说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用tall ,不用 high,例如a tall woman 一个高个子妇女 a tall horse 一个高大的马2说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用high,而不用 tall,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时, 例如： He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上；The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高；3指建筑物、山
34、时要tall 或 high 都可以,不过high 的程度比 tall 高；4high 可作副词, tall 不能；5tall 的反义词为short, high 的反义词为low. 10. can/ could 1 can 表示体力和脑力方面的才能,或依据客观条件能做某种动作的才能 ；例如：Can you ride a bike.你会骑自行车吗 .What can I do for you？要帮忙吗？ Can you make a cake？你会做蛋糕吗？2 can 用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的怀疑 推测 或不愿定；例如：Where can he be？他会在什么地方呢？Can the
35、 news be true？这个消息会是真的吗？It surely cant be six oclock already ？不行能已经六点钟了吧？You cant be hungry so soon,Tom,youve just had lunch. 汤姆,你不行能饿得这么快,你刚吃 过午饭；What can he mean？他会是什么意思？在日常会话中, can 可代替 may 表示 答应 ,may 比较正式； 例如：You can come in any time. 你随时都可以来；- Can I use your pen？我能用你的钢笔吗？- Of course ,you can.当然可
36、以；You can have my seat,Im going now. 我要走了,你坐我的座位吧；3 could could 是 can 的过去式,表示过去有过的才能和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）；例如：The doctor said he could help him. （才能）医生说他能帮忙他；Lily could swim when she was four years old. （才能）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳；At that time we thought the story could be true. （可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的；could 可代替 can 表示现在
37、时间的动作,但语气较为动听；例如：Could I speak to John,please？我能和约翰说话吗？Could you ？在口语中表示恳求对方做事；例如：Could you wait half an hour ？请你等半个小时好吗？ Could you please ring again at six ？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？4 can 的形式 只有现在式 can 和过去式 could 两种形式；能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来；全部其他时态（包括将来时）须用be able to 加动词不定式来表示；例如： They have not been able to c
38、ome to Beijing. 他们没有能到北京来；11. look for/ find look for 意为“ 查找” ,而 find 意为“ 找到, 发觉” ,前者强调 “ 找” 这一动作, 并不留意 “ 找”_精品资料_ 的结果,而后者就强调“ 找” 的结果；例如：She cant find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦；第 8 页,共 48 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - Tom is looking for his watch ,but he can12. be sleeping/ be asleep t find it
39、. 汤姆正在查找他的手表,但没能找到；be sleeping 表示动作,意思是“ 正在睡觉”；be asleep 表示状态,意思是“ 睡着了”；如： -What are the children doing in the room. 孩子们在房间里做什么？-They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉；The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了；13. often/ usually/sometimes often 表示 常常 ,sometimes 表示 有时候 ,在表示发生频率上often 要高于 usually,usually要高于 sometimes；这三
40、个词表示的是常常性,一般性的动作或情形,常与一般现在时连用,常位于主要谓语动词的前面,其他谓语动词（be 动词,情态动词和助动词）的后面,有时也可位于句尾；假如要加强语气,就放在句首；We usually play basketball after school. 我们通常放学后打篮球；时,我睡觉很早；He often reads English in the morning. 他常常在早晨读英语；14. How much/ How many Sometimes I go to bed early. 有how much 常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是 How much is / are
41、, . How much is the skirt. 这条裙子多少钱？How much are the bananas. 这些香蕉多少钱？how much 后加不行数名词, 表示数量, 意为“ 多少 “ ,how many 后加可数名词的复数形式；How much meat do you want. 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class. 你们班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at be good for 表示 对 , 有好处 ,而 be bad for 表示 对 , 有害 ；be
42、good to 表示 对 ,友好 ,而 be bad to 表示 对, 不好 ；be good at 表示 善于, 在, 方面做得好 ,而 be bad at 表示 在 , 方面做得不好 ；如： Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处；Eating too much is bad for you health. 吃的太多对你的身体有害；Miss Li is good to all of us. 李老师对我们全部的人都很友好；The boss is bad to his workers. 这个老板对他的工人不好；Li Le
43、i is good at drawing, but Im bad at it. 16. each/ every 李雷善于画画,但是我不善于；each 和 every 都有 每一个 的意思,但含义和用法不相同；each 从个体着眼, every 从整体着眼； each 可用于两者或两者以上,every 只用于三者或三者以上；如：We each have a new book.我们每人各有一本新书；There are trees on each side of the street. 街的两旁有树；He gets up early every morning. 每天早晨他都起得早；each 可以用作形容词、 副词和代词； every 只能用作形容词； 如：Each of them has his own duty.他们各人有各人的义务；They each want to do something different. 他们每个人都想做不同的事 情；17. 一般现在时 /现在进行时一般现在时表示常常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的才能,仍有自然现象；而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作（构成方式为am/is /are/+doing ）；I do my homework in the evening. 我在晚上做作业； Im doin