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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词一：巧解分词作状语一：巧解分词作状语口决：逻辑主谓用现分；逻辑动宾用过分；没有逻辑用独口决：逻辑主谓用现分；逻辑动宾用过分；没有逻辑用独立；分谓同时一般式；分前谓后完成式；正在被动立；分谓同时一般式；分前谓后完成式；正在被动being done；完被须用；完被须用having being done解析：解析：1.逻辑主谓用现分逻辑主谓用现分:当句中主语与分词存在逻辑主谓关系当句中主语与分词存在逻辑主谓关系,即分词所表示的动作实际是主语发出的即分词所表示的动作实际是主语发出的,此时应用现在分此时应用现在分词作状语词作状语,e.g:Climing to the top of t
2、he tower,we saw a beautiful view.Having written down our names and addresses,the policeman dismissed us.He went out shutting the door behind him.He ran up to her breathing heavily.2021/8/8 星期日12.逻辑动宾用过分逻辑动宾用过分:即分词与句中主语存在逻辑动宾关系，即分词与句中主语存在逻辑动宾关系，也就是说，主语是被动的或主语逻辑上是分词的宾语则也就是说，主语是被动的或主语逻辑上是分词的宾语则应用过去分词作状
3、语，应用过去分词作状语，eg：Defeated，he ran away.Seen from the hill,the park looks beautiful.Once published,this dictionary will be very popular.Given more time,we could do it better.He came in followed by a dog.3.没有逻辑用独立没有逻辑用独立:指分词与句中主语既不存在逻辑主谓关指分词与句中主语既不存在逻辑主谓关系系,也不存在逻辑动宾关系也不存在逻辑动宾关系,此时分词前要加上它的逻辑此时分词前要加上它的逻辑主语
4、主语,所加上的逻辑主语与分词存在逻辑主谓关系则用所加上的逻辑主语与分词存在逻辑主谓关系则用现在分词现在分词,所加上的逻辑主语与分词存在动宾关系则用所加上的逻辑主语与分词存在动宾关系则用过去分词过去分词,eg:2021/8/8 星期日2The boy rushed into the classroom,his face covered with sweat.All things considered,your article is of greater value than hers.Weather permitting,we shall go outing.Time permitting,we
5、 shall go to the cinema withyou.My work having been finished,I went home.Homework finished,he went to bed.The dark clouds having disappeared,the sun shone again.The question being settled,we went home.This task finished,we went to have dinner.The sun having risen,the fog soon disappeared.2021/8/8 星期
6、日3注注分词的独立结构前可用分词的独立结构前可用with/without,eg.Without any money left,he had to borrow somefrom his friends.With him sitting next to her,she felt safe.With John leading us,we managed to get out of theforest.Without anyone noticing,he came in.He came back with a basket filled with eggs.注注独立主格结构还有下列几种形式独立主格结
7、构还有下列几种形式:逻辑主语形容词逻辑主语形容词He walked out of the room,his face red with anger.Tome walked into the room,his face pale with illness.John walked past me,his head high in the sky.2021/8/8 星期日4逻辑主语副词逻辑主语副词The film over,we left the cinema.Nobody in,the thief broke into the cinema.The programme on,the childre
8、n stopped talking.The meeting over,they left the hall.逻辑主语介词短语逻辑主语介词短语The professor entered the room,book in hand.The woman sat at the room,boy in arm.也可用也可用with复合结构复合结构:with a boy in her arm逻辑主语不定式逻辑主语不定式Here are the books,the pens to come next week.All the workers left the factory,a strike to star
9、t.2005湖南湖南I send you 100 dollars today,the rest _in a year.A.followsB.followedC.to followD being followed 2021/8/8 星期日5逻辑主语名词逻辑主语名词He fought against the tiger,a stick his only weapon.The farmer is digging a well,a pick his only tool.There be 存在句存在句,也可构成独立主格结构也可构成独立主格结构,eg.There being no bus,they had
10、 to walk home.独立主格结构与分词作状语表伴随、表方式、表原因、独立主格结构与分词作状语表伴随、表方式、表原因、表时间等表时间等注注需强调三点需强调三点:1状语从句或并列结构改为独立结构时状语从句或并列结构改为独立结构时,不再保留连词不再保留连词,eg.When the class was over,the students left.The class over being over,the studentsleft.2 带带with的复合结构改为独立结构时的复合结构改为独立结构时,不再保留不再保留with,也也不再保留复合结构中不再保留复合结构中名词名词前前的冠词与物主代词的冠
11、词与物主代词,eg.The teacher came in,with a book in his hand.2021/8/8 星期日6The teacher came in,book in hand.The teacher came in,book in hand.3 3独立主格结构中的独立主格结构中的being/having beenbeing/having been在下列情况下在下列情况下不能省不能省:逻辑主语是代词时逻辑主语是代词时:eg.It being Sunday,we eg.It being Sunday,we went shoppingwent shopping.There b
12、e.There be 名词时名词时:eg.There:eg.There being no bus,we went home on foot.being no bus,we went home on foot.4.4.分谓同时一般式分谓同时一般式:分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作是同时发生或紧接着发生的则只用作是同时发生或紧接着发生的则只用v-ingv-ing式式:Taking a deep breath,they dived into the water.Taking a deep breath,they dived into the water.Not kn
13、owing her telephone number,I couldnt Not knowing her telephone number,I couldnt ring her up.ring her up.Being ill,she didnt go to school today.Being ill,she didnt go to school today.Hearing the good news,he jumped with joy.Hearing the good news,he jumped with joy.Walking in the street,I saw a friend
14、 of mine.Walking in the street,I saw a friend of mine.2021/8/8 星期日75.5.分前谓后完成式分前谓后完成式:分词所表示的动作比谓语所表示的动分词所表示的动作比谓语所表示的动作发生得要早作发生得要早,则用则用having donehaving done式式:eg.eg.Not Having received an answer,I wrote to her Not Having received an answer,I wrote to her again.again.Having finished his work,Henry w
15、ent home.Having finished his work,Henry went home.6.正在被动正在被动being done:指句中主语与分词是逻辑动宾关指句中主语与分词是逻辑动宾关系且正在进行则用系且正在进行则用being done,eg.Being repaired,the car can not be used.Being repaired,the car can not be used.Being painted,the chair can not be sat on.Being painted,the chair can not be sat on.7.完被须用完被须
16、用having been done:指句中主语与分词是逻指句中主语与分词是逻辑动宾关系且分词所表示的动作比谓语所表示的动作发辑动宾关系且分词所表示的动作比谓语所表示的动作发生得要早生得要早,则用则用having been done,eg.Having been asked to stay,I could not very wellHaving been asked to stay,I could not very wellleave.leave.2021/8/8 星期日8 Having been given such a good chance,how Having been given su
17、ch a good chance,how could you let it slip away?could you let it slip away?Having been washed,the clothes were taken Having been washed,the clothes were taken away.away.Having been cheated,the old man did not Having been cheated,the old man did not believe in her.believe in her.试做下列各题试做下列各题:1 1.2000
18、2000北春北春_the general state of his health,_the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the it may take him a while to recover from the operation.operation.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 2 2.20032003北春北春_time,hell make a
19、first-class _time,hell make a first-class tennis player.tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.GivenA.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.GivenAD2021/8/8 星期日93 3.20012001_such heavy pollution already,it _such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.may now be to
20、o late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffered D.SufferedC.To suffered D.Suffered4 4.20012001上海上海Finding her car stolen,_Finding her car stolen,_A.a policeman was asked to helpA.a policeman was asked to helpB.the area was searching thoroughly B
21、.the area was searching thoroughly C.it was looked for everywhereC.it was looked for everywhereD.she hurried to a policeman for helpD.she hurried to a policeman for help5 5.19961996_in thought,he almost ran into the _in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.car in front of him.A.A.Losin
22、g B.Having lost C.Lost D.To loseLosing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To loseADC2021/8/8 星期日106.6.20002000上海上海_in 1636,Harvard is one of the_in 1636,Harvard is one of themost famous university in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded C.FoundedD.Founding7.The teacher entered the classroom,_ by t
23、he students.A.following B.followed C.follow D.by followed8._more time,Ill work out all of the maths problems.A.Given B.Giving C.To give D.Gave9._from the space,the great wall looks like a dragon.A.Having seen B.Seeing C.SeenD.To see10._that it was going to snow,the climbersdecided to put off their a
24、ttempt on the highest peak.A.Having been toldB.Having toldC.Told D.TellingCBACA2021/8/8 星期日1111.She is upstairs _ letters.A.writes B.is writing C.write D.writing12.“Cant you read？”Mary said_to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing 13.The poor boy looked t
25、o the right and to the left,_where to go.A.not knowing B.not to know C.didnt know D.not being known14._anything about the accident,he went to workas usual.A.Not known B.Known not C.Knowing not D.Not knowing15._,the players tried their best to win the game for their country.A.Greatly encouraged B.Hav
26、ing greatly encouraged C.To be greatly encouraged D.Greatly encouraging DAADA2021/8/8 星期日1216._in the heavy rain,he looks very ugly.A.Catching B.Caught C.Being caught D.Having caught17._ in red,she looks more beautiful.A.Dressing B.Dressed C.Having dressed D.Being dressed18._there,he looks up in the
27、 sky.A.Seating B.Seated C.Having seated D.Being seated19._from his appearance,he was very angry.A.Judging B.Judged C.Being judged D.Having judged20._that mistake once,I shall not make the mistake again.A.Make B.To make C.Making D.Having madeBBBAD2021/8/8 星期日1321._that there was an accident ahead,the
28、 bus driver changed course.A.Warning B.Having warned C.To be warned D.Having been warned22.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to addedC.adding D.added23.He stood _ against the wall.A.leaned B.leaning C.leans D.and lean2
29、4._ John,I asked where he was.A.Not seen B.Not seeing C.No seeing D.Didnt see25._ from his accent,the boy must come from Henan.A.Judging B.Judged C.Having judged D.Having been judgedDCBBA2021/8/8 星期日1426._ to stay in Beijing,the boy decided not to return to his village.A.Having been told B.Told C.Te
30、lling D.Being told27.Although_ by the climb,he continued his journey.A.exhausted B.exhaustingC.was exhausted D.being exhausted28.It_ now pretty late,we took our candle and went to our room A.being B.is C.turned D.was29._ a fine day,we decided to go outing.A.Having been B.What C.Being D.It being30.He
31、 was doing his homework,_ aside.A.sitting B.his father sitting C.his father sat D.his father sitsAAADB2021/8/8 星期日15312005全国卷全国卷The storm left,_ a lot of damageto this area.A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused32.2005全国卷全国卷Whil watching television,_ A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell
32、ringsC.we heard the doorbell ringD.we heard the doorbell rings33.2005山东卷山东卷Oil prices have risen by 32 percentsince the start of the year,_ a record US57.65 abarrel on April4.A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching34.2005福建卷福建卷When _ help,one often says “Thank you.”or“Its very kind of
33、you.”A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.offeredDCBD2021/8/8 星期日1635.2005重庆卷重庆卷Daddy didnt mind what we were doing,as long as we were together,_ fun.A.had B.have C.to have D.having析析:当多个动词连用时当多个动词连用时,如果没有连词连如果没有连词连接的动词接的动词,则用非谓语动词形式则用非谓语动词形式,用用v-ing作伴随状语或补充说明。作伴随状语或补充说明。36 2005湖南卷湖南卷 _ in a whit
34、e uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressedDA2021/8/8 星期日1737.1998全国卷全国卷 European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make38.1997全国卷全国卷The Olympic Games,_ in 776B.C.,didnt incl
35、ude women players untill 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing39.1999全国卷全国卷When I got home,I saw a message pinned to the door _“Sorry to miss you;will call later.”A.read B.reads C.to read D.readingACD2021/8/8 星期日18二二:过去分词与现在分词的被动式的比较：过去分词与现在分词的被动式的比较：1.及物过去分词
36、与现在分词的一般被动式都有被动意义，及物过去分词与现在分词的一般被动式都有被动意义，有时二者无甚区别，如下面两句有无有时二者无甚区别，如下面两句有无being皆可皆可：This being done，I set about cleaning the windows.Being seized with a sudden fear,she gave a scream.Beingasked to sing a song for them,she couldnt very well refuse.2.有时有区别有时有区别,eg.I saw the net being drawn in.我看见鱼网正在被
37、拉上我看见鱼网正在被拉上来。来。being drawn in表正在进行的动作表正在进行的动作 I saw the net drawn in.我看见鱼网被拉了上来我看见鱼网被拉了上来。过去分词过去分词drawn 表已经的完成动作表已经的完成动作 2021/8/8 星期日193.过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式在意义过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式在意义上无甚区别上无甚区别,eg.,eg.Having been weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.这桥屡受暴风雨的摧残这桥屡受暴风雨的摧残,已不安全了。已不安全了。但有时
38、用但有时用过去分词会有歧义，过去分词会有歧义，eg.Asked to stay,I couldt very well leave.我我被邀请留下被邀请留下,遂不便离开。遂不便离开。此句中的此句中的过去分词过去分词asked，可能意味着，可能意味着having been asked，也可能意味着也可能意味着when/since I was asked，但如果用但如果用 having been asked 则不会有则不会有歧义了。歧义了。2021/8/8 星期日20三三.分词作定语分词作定语:被修饰的词是分词的逻辑主语被修饰的词是分词的逻辑主语,当逻当逻辑主语是分词所表示的动作的执行者时辑主语是分
39、词所表示的动作的执行者时,即存在即存在逻辑主谓关系逻辑主谓关系,则用现在分词则用现在分词;当逻辑主语是分词当逻辑主语是分词所表示的动作的承受者时所表示的动作的承受者时,即存在逻辑动宾关系即存在逻辑动宾关系,则用过去分词则用过去分词。eg.Do you know the boy lying under the tree?Do you know the boy lying under the tree?Most of the artists invited to the party were Most of the artists invited to the party were from So
40、uth Africafrom South Africa.分词作定语相当于一个定语从句。上面例句可分别为：分词作定语相当于一个定语从句。上面例句可分别为：Do you Do you know the boy who is lying under the tree?Most know the boy who is lying under the tree?Most of the artists who were invited to the party of the artists who were invited to the party were from South Africa.were
41、from South Africa.注注:现在分词的现在分词的完成式完成式having done不作定语不作定语试做试做:2000北京春北京春The picture_ on the wall is painted by my nephew.2021/8/8 星期日21A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung 1994全国卷全国卷 The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written
42、 B.to be written C.being written D.written 四四.分词作宾补时分词作宾补时,宾语是分词的逻辑主语。当宾语宾语是分词的逻辑主语。当宾语是分词表示的动作的执行者，用现在分词是分词表示的动作的执行者，用现在分词;当宾当宾语是分词所表示的动作的承受者时语是分词所表示的动作的承受者时,即存在逻辑即存在逻辑动宾关系动宾关系,则用过去分词。则用过去分词。e.g.It was so cold that they kept the fire It was so cold that they kept the fire burningburning all night.a
43、ll night.1991全国卷全国卷 He had his leg He had his leg brokenbroken in the match in the match yesterdayyesterday.1986全国卷全国卷BD2021/8/8 星期日22五五.不定式考点不定式考点:（一）不定式的语篇省略（一）不定式的语篇省略:试做试做:19951995 The boy wanted to ride his The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told bicycle in the stre
44、et,but his mother told him _.him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not doA.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not do 19951995-Ill be away on a business-Ill be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?cat?-Not at all,_.-Not at all,_.A.A.I
45、ve no time B.Id rather not Ive no time B.Id rather not C.Id like it D.Id be happy toC.Id like it D.Id be happy toAD2021/8/8 星期日23 19971997-Alice,why didnt you come-Alice,why didnt you comeyesterday?yesterday?-I_,but I had an unexpected visitor.-I_,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was
46、going to D.did A.had B.would C.was going to D.did 9898上海上海-Does your brother intend to-Does your brother intend tostudy German?study German?-Yes,he intends_.-Yes,he intends_.A.A./B.to C.so D.that/B.to C.so D.that在上文意思清楚的语境中，为避免重复，在上文意思清楚的语境中，为避免重复，toto后的内容常省后的内容常省略，只保留不定式符号略，只保留不定式符号toto，这就是不定式的语篇省略
47、。，这就是不定式的语篇省略。它是高考的重点、热点，常见于：它是高考的重点、热点，常见于：1.1.在在be glad/happy/afraid/sure tobe glad/happy/afraid/sure to结构之后结构之后,eg,eg.-Would you come to dinner with me?-Would you come to dinner with me?-Id-Id be happy to.be happy to.CB2021/8/8 星期日242.动词动词不定式在动词不定式在动词ask/tell/force/invite/orderask/tell/force/invi
48、te/order等后作等后作宾补时宾补时,eg.,eg.If he doesnt want to go there,you If he doesnt want to go there,you neednt neednt force him to.force him to.Dont come in unless you Dont come in unless you are told to.are told to.3 3.在在would like to,used to,have to,ought to,be would like to,used to,have to,ought to,be go
49、ing to,be able togoing to,be able to等结构之后作复合谓语时等结构之后作复合谓语时,eg.,eg.He will come to the meeting if he He will come to the meeting if he is able is able to.to.-Does Mr.John live here?-Does Mr.John live here?-No,but he -No,but he used to.used to.-Should I start at once?-Should I start at once?-Yes,you -
50、Yes,you ought to.ought to.2021/8/8 星期日254.4.不定式在动词不定式在动词want/hope/expect/try/agree/intendwant/hope/expect/try/agree/intend等后作宾语时等后作宾语时,eg.,eg.You can borrow my pen if you You can borrow my pen if you want to.want to.-Did you go to see your teacher?-Did you go to see your teacher?-I had -I had wanted