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1、The infinitiveThe infinitive2021/8/8 星期日1不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式2021/8/8 星期日2一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 to do to be done to have done to have been done to be doing to be b
2、eing doing2021/8/8 星期日3一.解释(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动 作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之 后发生。(2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。They pretended to be studying when the teacher came in.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.I want to have a holiday as soon as possible.2021/8/8 星期日4
3、动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive l 主语主语 (subject)l 宾语宾语 (object)l 表语表语 (predicative)l 定语定语 (attribute)l 状语状语 (adverbial)2021/8/8 星期日5动词不定式归纳动词不定式归纳一、一、不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数单数1、“To do”放在句首做主语放在句首做主语 eg:To drink enough water every day is very important.2、如果动词不定式太长，常用如果动词不定式太长，常用it作形
4、式主语作形式主语“to do”放在句末做真正主语，用放在句末做真正主语，用“It”放在放在句首引导句首引导 eg.1：It is very important to drink enough water.eg.2:It take you 5 minutes to get there.2021/8/8 星期日6不定式做真正主语的两个特殊句型不定式做真正主语的两个特殊句型*It is/was+adj.+of sb.to do eg:It is brave of him to save the girl in the water.注意：注意：在此句型中，在此句型中，adj.只能用可以修饰行为、动作及
5、人物的形只能用可以修饰行为、动作及人物的形容词。容词。例如：例如：kind,nice,good,brave,clever,wise,stupid,foolish,honest,careless,cruel,generous etc.*It is+adj.+for sb.(用宾格用宾格)+to do eg.1:It is not difficult for us to learn English well.eg.2:It is right for him to work here.注意：注意：这里的这里的adj.不能表示人的性质，只能表示某事或某物的性不能表示人的性质，只能表示某事或某物的性质。
6、质。例如：例如：difficult,wonderful,meaningful,painful,useful2021/8/8 星期日7二、不定式作宾语二、不定式作宾语 1、不定式经常放在及物动词，如：、不定式经常放在及物动词，如：like,wish,hope,want,try,begin,start,mean,agree,refuse,promise,pretend等等后面，表示请求、想要、打算、试图、后面，表示请求、想要、打算、试图、答应、拒绝、假装做某事。答应、拒绝、假装做某事。eg.1:Suddenly,it began to rain.eg.2:Ill try to do my best
7、.eg.3:I dont mean to say we are perfect.(我并不是说我们是完美的。我并不是说我们是完美的。)2021/8/8 星期日82.一些动词要用一些动词要用wh-疑问词疑问词+to do sth.作宾语，常作宾语，常见的动词有见的动词有decide,know,learn,wonder,understand,find out,remember,see等等I dont know what to do.how to do it.who(m)to ask/invite.when to stop where to go.I havent decided whether to
8、 sell it or not.She didnt know which one to buy.We must find out what to do next.He didnt remember when to start.2021/8/8 星期日9三、不定式作宾语补足语三、不定式作宾语补足语1、不定式放在、不定式放在ask,tell,want,teach等动词后面。等动词后面。形式：名词形式：名词/代词不定式代词不定式 eg.1:The teacher told us not to be late for school.eg.2:My mother teaches me to learn
9、English.eg.3:I asked him to help me.2、help 后面的不定式标志后面的不定式标志“to”要省去要省去 eg：They often help the grandma carry water.3、see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等表示感觉等表示感觉和和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面，不定等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省式作宾语时要省“to”（注：被动语态不省（注：被动语态不省to）2021/8/8 星期日10四、定语四、定语(attribute)nsth.to eat n(eat sth.)na ro
10、om to live in n(live in a room)2021/8/8 星期日11注意注意:不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系;如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需有适当的介词。则后面需有适当的介词。n n不定式及其短语作定语不定式及其短语作定语只能放在名词的后面只能放在名词的后面,以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语,如如:chance,way,opportunity,time,the first,the last,the second,the only等词后等词后,在在have to do和和the
11、re be句型中。句型中。e.g.n nI had no time to go to the movie.n nHe is always the first to come to the school and the last to leave.n nThere is no one to take care of her.n nI have no jewelry to wear.n nThere are only five pairs to choose from.2021/8/8 星期日12五、不定式作状语五、不定式作状语作状语作状语（表示目的或结果）（表示目的或结果）eg.1:He sto
12、pped to have a look.eg.2:I cant wait to see him.(我迫不及待见到他我迫不及待见到他.)2021/8/8 星期日131.I think the house is big enough _.A.to live in B.to live C.live D.living2.I had trouble with my car this morning,but I finally managed _.A.to get starting it B.to get it started C.getting it started 3.She reached the
13、top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock.A.resting B.rest C.to rest D.to have rest 2021/8/8 星期日14几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth.停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做forget to do sth.忘记去做 doing sth.忘记已做了remember to do sth.记得去做 doing sth.记得曾经做2021/8/8 星期日15.She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.
14、to not see D.having not seen.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him_.A.not to B.not to do c.not do it D.not eatingABA2021/8/8 星期日16.Ive wor
15、ked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.expects D.to be expecting.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live.A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing2021/8/8 星期日17She doe
16、s nothing but _.A.to laugh B.laugh C.being laughed.There is nothing to do except _ till it stops snowing.A.to wait B.waiting C.wait D.waits I am sorry _ you so much trouble.And thank you for your help.A.to give B.to have given C.giving D.gave 1.There is no choice but _ till it stops snowing.A.to wai
17、t B.waiting C.wait D.waits 2021/8/8 星期日18.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.(MET1993)A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.(MET2003)A.much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too
18、much D.too heavy much2021/8/8 星期日19HomeworkHomework2021/8/8 星期日201爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/be conqueredto h
19、ave finished/completed his workto have arrived safely2021/8/8 星期日215 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaid at once/immediatelyto have been told about itto
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