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1、The use of-ingThe use of-ing2021/8/11星期三1语态语态时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone2021/8/11星期三21、V-ing可具有时态意义一般式（一般式（doing）完成式完成式（havingdone）1)Sheisproudofbeingbeautiful她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）2)IamthinkingofgoingtotheIndustrialExhibitionthi
2、safternoon我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后）我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后）2021/8/11星期三3A)V-ing一般式（一般式（doing）的）的语法功能语法功能2021/8/11星期三4Hishobbyispainting.ImproudofbeingaChinese.习惯习惯抽象抽象2021/8/11星期三5Her hobby is painting.她的业余爱好是画画。她的业余爱好是画画。My job is looking after the children.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指形式作表语时放在系动
3、词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。况。2021/8/11星期三6They lived in a room facing the street.=They lived in a room that faces the street.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。他们住在一间面朝街的房子。The man standing there is Peters father.=The man who is standing there is Peters father.-ing形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之放在所修饰的
4、名词之后后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。2021/8/11星期三7 His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.=His brother,who is working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。分用逗号分开。2021/8/11星期三8 Wh
5、en we returned to the school,we found a stranger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生人站在大门口。-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。强调一个过程或一种状态。2021/8/11星期三9全析提示：全析提示：接现在分析作宾语补足语的动词有接现在分析作宾语补足语的动词有feel,hear,listen to,see,look at,wat
6、ch,observe,notice,find,smell,set,have,keep,start,leave,get,catch等。等。2021/8/11星期三10 We saw a light burning in the window.I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.2021/8/11星期三11Can you smell anything burning?As he spoke,he observed everybody looking at him curiously.Listen to the birds singing.I did
7、nt notice him waiting.2021/8/11星期三12I wont have you doing that.This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。2021/8/11星期三13-ingform做状语做状语Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.2021/8/11星期三14Givenmoreattention
8、,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.2021/8/11星期三15Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.2021/8/11星期三16Theycameintotheclassroom,singing and laughing.andtheyweresinginglaughing2021/8/11星期三17将下列状语从句改为非谓语将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.2021/8/11星期三182.Whenhefoundthedoor
9、locked,hewenthome.2021/8/11星期三19B)V-ing完成式（完成式（having done）的用）的用 法法2021/8/11星期三20Thankyouforhavinghelpedmesomuch.Heispraisedforhavingdevotedhislifeforhiscountry.Beforebeingused,themachinemustbechecked.2021/8/11星期三21我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。I apologize for not having kept my promise （之前发生）他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。He w
10、as praised for having made such a contribution to the country （之前发生）2021/8/11星期三222、V-ing可具有语态意义 如果如果-ing与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，需用其被动形式系，需用其被动形式（being done，having been done）。其否定形式是：其否定形式是：not being done,not having been done例如：例如：他们无法忍受这样的待遇。他们无法忍受这样的待遇。They couldnt stand being treated like that
11、（与其逻辑主语（与其逻辑主语They构成被动关系构成被动关系)2021/8/11星期三23被动语态 一、动名词的被动形式 1当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这个动作的对象时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式。Being killed by sharks was a common occurrence 因此那时被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。He could not bear _ like that 人家这样开他的玩笑他受不了。He didnt mind _ 把他留在家里他并不在意。being made fun ofbeing left at home 2021/8/11星期三24This question
12、is_ 这问题远远没有解决。这问题远远没有解决。He did it without being asked 没有谁请他做，他自己做的。没有谁请他做，他自己做的。You cant eat anything before_ 在动手术之前在动手术之前你不能你不能.吃任何东西。吃任何东西。far from being settledbeing operated on2021/8/11星期三25二、现在分词的被动形式 现在动作是一个被动动作时，要用现在分词的被动形式。包括其一般形式“(not)beingdone”和完成式“(not)having beendone”这种形式可以用来：1作状语 Being
13、asked who stole the salt，the poor young man put his hands under his clothes.当被问及谁偷了盐时，这个可怜的年轻人把手藏到了衣服里。(时间状语。)2021/8/11星期三26_,the trees are growing better and better.由于受到了很好的照顾，这些树长得越来由于受到了很好的照顾，这些树长得越来越壮越壮(原因状语原因状语)John,_ for many years,had recently been set free.约翰被关在监狱许多年后，最近获释。约翰被关在监狱许多年后，最近获释。(
14、时时间状语间状语)_to the wrong address,the letter did not reach her.由于那封信的地址投错了，她没有收到。由于那封信的地址投错了，她没有收到。(原因状语原因状语)Being taken good care of having been kept a prisoner Having been sent2021/8/11星期三272作定语作定语 The large house_ is a new shopping mall.正在施工的大楼是一座新的综合商店正在施工的大楼是一座新的综合商店 3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 I saw a baby_ by
15、 two men.我看见一个婴儿被两个男人抓走了我看见一个婴儿被两个男人抓走了being builtbeing caught away 2021/8/11星期三28我听说他被选为那个队的教练。I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team（与其逻辑主语his构成被动关系)2021/8/11星期三29因为没收到他父亲的来信，因为没收到他父亲的来信，他决定给他打个电话。他决定给他打个电话。Not having received his fathers letter,he decided to make a call to
16、him.2021/8/11星期三30注意1)在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，但如果用不定式则用被动式。例如：The flowers in the garden want watering花园里的花需要浇水了。（比较：The flowers in the garden want to be watered）Thats one of those questions that really dont need answering那是一个那种真的不需回答的问题。（比较：The questions dont need to be a
17、nswered）2021/8/11星期三312）在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。例如：他的提议值得考虑His suggestion is worth considering.此句可转换成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered.2021/8/11星期三32 3）allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。我不允许他在此地游泳。I dont allow him to
18、swim here.2021/8/11星期三33.Somefoodsareeatenwithout_.A.wellabsorbingB.beingwellabsorbedC.absorbingD.wellabsorbed.Articles(物品物品)usedbypatientsmustbedisinfected(消毒消毒)before_others.A.usingB.beingusedbyC.usedbyD.beingusing2021/8/11星期三34.Heattendedthepartywithout_.A.invitedB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.beingi
19、nvitedRebeccawasunhappyfor_thefirstchancetogoabroad.A.nothavingbeengivenB.nothavinggivenC.notgivingD.havingnotbeengiven2021/8/11星期三355.By_,watercanbechangedintogas.A.heatingB.beingheatedC.havingheatedD.heated6.Theclassroomwants_.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning7.Thoughitsoundsabittoodear,itiswort
20、h_.A.beingboughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buyingit8.ThisX-raymachineneeds_.A.repairingB.torepairC.repairedD.beingrepaired2021/8/11星期三369.Theofficersnarrowlyescaped_inthehotbattle.A.havekilledB.tokillC.tobekilledD.beingkilled10.Didyouenjoyyourselflastnight?Itsveryniceofyou.Iappreciated_totheparty.A.tobeinvite
21、dB.tohaveinvitedC.beinginvitedD.havingbeeninvited11.Whileweredevelopingagricultureandindustry,wemustpreventtheearth_.A.frompollutingB.pollutedC.pollutingD.beingpolluted2021/8/11星期三3712.Doyoumind_aloneathome?A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.JanesbeingleftD.Janetobeleft13.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthe
22、garden?A.TotakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking2021/8/11星期三3814._manytimes,theboystilldidntknowhowtodotheexercises.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.TaughtD.Teaching2021/8/11星期三393、V-ing可带有自己的逻辑主语可带有自己的逻辑主语 一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语可泛指任何一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语可泛指任何人或与句中主语一致。例如：人或与句中主语一致。例如：但出于句意表达的需要，但出于句意表达的需要，V-ing常常带有自己常常
23、带有自己的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。V-ing自己带的逻辑主语有两自己带的逻辑主语有两种形式：种形式：a）在）在V-ing前加前加“物主代词或名词物主代词或名词的所有格的所有格”；b）在）在V-ing前加前加“名词的普通名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格格或人称代词的宾格”。两者的区别是：前两者的区别是：前者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口语中使用后者更为自然。语中使用后者更为自然。2021/8/11星期三40D
24、oyoumindmysmokingintheroom？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？Idontremembermymothercomplaining我不记得我母亲抱怨过。我不记得我母亲抱怨过。Iobjecttohimmakingprivatecallsontheofficephone我反对他为私事我反对他为私事使用办公室电话。使用办公室电话。2021/8/11星期三41_illworriedmyparentsgreatly.A.IfellB.MefallingC.MyfallingD.Ifalling2.Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.（NET1992）AyoutocallByoucallCyoucallingDyourecalling2021/8/11星期三42其他情况1.gowithoutsaying表示不用说、毫无疑义或不成问题。Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyourewelcometovisitmeatanytime.还用得着说,你什么时候来看我都欢迎。2).No+动名词动名词用于表示禁止或不准的简短命令或法规,其后不可接受词。Noparking!Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!禁止泊车!2021/8/11星期三432021/8/11星期三44