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1、Unit 1 English Unit 1 English Sentences Sentences 2021/8/8星期日112345English Sentences&Figures of SpeechLooking AheadApproaching the TopicDiscovering GrammarApplying GrammarFurther DevelopmentFigures of speech62021/8/8星期日2Words are bricks of a language building,and grammar makes it stand up.Figures of
2、 speech decorate the building and make it beautiful and lively2021/8/8星期日3MetaphorMetaphor is a literary figure of speech that uses an image,story or tangible thing to represent a less tangible thing or some intangible quality or idea.brickswordslanguagebuildinggrammarblueprintfiguresofspeechflower2
3、021/8/8星期日4Learn the basic sentence patterns.Learn the different types of sentences.Get a general view of figures of speech.Looking AheadWhat are we going to know?2021/8/8星期日5Match the sentence with the pictures Step 1GFCBDAEMatch the sentence with the pictures Step 1Match the sentence with the pict
4、ures Step 1A.WeelectJackourmonitor.B.Passmethesalt.C.TomislisteningtomusicD.Thetrainleavesatsix.E.IamgoingtoputthebooksonthedeskF.ThemanisadoctorG.Sheiscoughing2021/8/8星期日6Pay attention to different sentence patternsStep 1Step 1Step 2A.WeelectJackourmonitor.B.Passmethesalt.C.TomislisteningtomusicD.T
5、hetrainleavesatsix.E.IamgoingtoputthebooksonthedeskF.ThemanisadoctorG.Sheiscoughing2021/8/8星期日7Discovering GrammarBefore LearningS=subject(主语)V=predicateverb（谓语）O=object（宾语）A=adverbial（状语）C=complement（补语）o=indirectobject（间接宾语）TERMS2021/8/8星期日81.主动补(SVC)结构Themanisateacher.Helooksfine.Dinnerisatsixocl
6、ock.Thetaperecorderisonthetable.在SVC 结构中，谓语动词通常是连系动词(Linking Verb),所以这个结构又叫主系表结构。如：2021/8/8星期日92.主动(SV)结构Ironrusts.Everybodylaughed.Shelikesflower.在SV结构中,谓语动词通常是不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb)。2021/8/8星期日103.主动宾(SVO)结构Iwantaticket.Liverpoolwonthegame.Hewantstogoimmediately.在SVO结构中,谓语动词通常是及物动词(TransitiveVerb
7、),随后须跟宾语。如:2021/8/8星期日114.主动宾宾(SVoO)结构Isenthimatelegram.(him是间接宾语;atelegram是直接宾语。)Marylentmeherdictionary.Hegaveherabook.在SVoO结构中,谓语动词通常是及物动词(TransitiveVerb),随后须跟两个宾语(间接宾语和直接宾语），如：2021/8/8星期日125.主动宾补(SVOC)结构Wemadehimourspokesman.Theyelectedhimpresident.Hemakesmehappy.在SVOC结构中,及物动词之后须跟宾语和宾语补语。如:2021/
8、8/8星期日136.主动状(SVA)结构IliveinBeijing.Shakespearelivedinthe16thandearly17thcentury.Theystayedinahotel.Thetrainleavesatsix.HewillbeflyingtoShanghai.2021/8/8星期日147.主动宾状(SVOA)结构Iputthebookonthedesk.Hetreatedherbadly.Hedidhomeworkcarefully.由于地点状语和方式状语在上述SVO结构中不可缺少,因此这类句子可叫做SVOA结构。2021/8/8星期日15Sentence Patt
9、erns2021/8/8星期日16Sentence Patterns2021/8/8星期日17Types of SentencesAsimple sentenceconsistsofoneindependentclauseandexpressesacompletethought.Acompound sentenceconsistsoftwoormoreindependentclausesjoinedbyacoordinatingconjunction(and,but,for,nor,or,so,yet)andexpressesacompletethought.Eachindependentcl
10、ausemusthaveitsownsubjectandverb.Acomplex sentenceconsistsofoneindependentclauseandoneormoredependentclauseandexpressesacompletethought.Thedependentclauseisjoinedbyasubordinatingconjunction.2021/8/8星期日18Types of SentencesA.Somestudentsliketostudyinthemornings.B.JuanandArturoplayfootballeveryafternoo
11、n.C.Aliciagoestothelibraryandstudieseveryday.Asimple sentenceconsistsofoneindependentclauseandexpressesacompletethought.2021/8/8星期日19Types of SentencesA.ItriedtospeakSpanish,andmyfriendtriedtospeakEnglish.B.Alejandroplayedfootball,soMariawentshopping.C.Alejandroplayedfootball,forMariawentshopping.Ac
12、ompound sentenceconsistsoftwoormoreindependentclausesjoinedbyacoordinatingconjunction(and,but,for,nor,or,so,yet)andexpressesacompletethought.Eachindependentclausemusthaveitsownsubjectandverb.2021/8/8星期日20Types of SentencesA.Somestudentsliketostudyinthemornings.B.JuanandArturoplayfootballeveryafterno
13、on.C.Aliciagoestothelibraryandstudieseveryday.Acomplex sentenceconsistsofoneindependentclauseandoneormoredependentclauseandexpressesacompletethought.Thedependentclauseisjoinedbyasubordinatingconjunction.2021/8/8星期日21Functions of SentencesDeclarative sentences Interrogative sentencesImperative senten
14、cesExclamatory sentences2021/8/8星期日22Declarative sentenceAsentenceintheformofastatement(incontrasttoacommand,aquestion,oranexclamation).Adeclarativesentenceendswithaperiod.Iamgoinghome.Heisagoodstudents.Ithinkhehasmuchmoney2021/8/8星期日23Interrogative SentenceHowdiditgetsolatesosoon?Aremykidscuteordot
15、heymakepeopleuncomfortable?Wheredoyouwanttogotoday?Asentencethatasksaquestion.(Comparewithsentencesthatmakeastatement,deliveracommand,orexpressanexclamation.)Aninterrogativesentenceendswithaquestionmark.2021/8/8星期日24Exclamatory sentenceAsentencethatexpressesstrongfeelingsbymakinganexclamation.(Compa
16、rewithsentencesthatmakeastatement,expressacommand,oraskaquestion.)Anexclamatorysentenceendswithanexclamationpoint.Goconfidentlyinthedirectionofyourdreams!Boy,doIhatebeingrightallthetime!Whatabeautifulflower!2021/8/8星期日25Imperative SentenceAsentencethatgivesadviceorinstructionsorthatexpressesarequest
17、orcommand.(Comparewithsentencesthatmakeastatement,askaquestion,orexpressanexclamation.)Goahead.Passmethesalt.Run!2021/8/8星期日261.Imitate each sentence pattern in the following table and write two more example sentences.2021/8/8星期日272.Combine the two sentences in each pair into one sentence,making one
18、 subordinate to the other.1)I got a letter yesterday from my uncle.My uncle is now living in Japan.2)He studied very hard.He still failed in the examination.3)One of his best friends died of cancer last Sunday.The news made him very sad.4)This is the small village.In this small village the famous mu
19、sic star was born.5)He didnt go to school yesterday.He was ill.2021/8/8星期日283.Change each of the following first into a negative sentence,and then a yes/no or wh-qusestion.1)Father is going to see his uncle in the hospital the day after tomorrow.2)There have been five traffic accidents this year alr
20、eady in the part of the highway2021/8/8星期日293.Change each of the following first into a negative sentence,and then a yes/no or wh-qusestion.3)Li Xin thinks she will receeive 20 more Christmas cards this year than she did last year.4)Tom used to go to school by bike.2021/8/8星期日304.Change the followin
21、g into exclamatory sentences,making use of how,what or both.1)The lady is very beautiful How beautiful the lady is!/What a beautiful lady she is!2)Itisafinedaytoday!3)AndyLiuandYaoMinghaveeachdoneawonderfuljobthisyear.4)Mybrothersawaveryexcitingfilmlastnight.2021/8/8星期日311.Observe and learn how tag
22、questions are formed.1)I dont believe he will succeed,will he?2)Lets go out for a walk,shall we?3)He could hardly walk with a stick,could he?4)You used to sleep with the windows open,didnt you?5)Tom has finished his homework,hasnt he?6)There is a TV set on the table,isnt there?7)What you need is mor
23、e water,isnt it?8)Mr.Smith must be in the reading-room,isnt he?2021/8/8星期日32TAGQUSTIONSIfindEnglishveryinteresting,dontyou?Idontlikethatfilm,doyou?当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来询问对方的意见或看法时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如:2021/8/8星期日33TAGQUSTIONSSomebodyphonedwhileIwasout,didntthey?Everyoneenjoyedthemeal,didntthey?Nobodywantstos
24、tayherealone,doeshe?当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,someone,nobody,noone,somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但当nobody,noone等作主语,具有否定概念时亦可用he。如:2021/8/8星期日34TAGQUSTIONSEverythingseemstogoasweexpected,doesntit?Nothingiskeptingoodorder,isit?当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything,nothing,anything,something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it。如:2
25、021/8/8星期日35TAGQUSTIONSIamstrongandhealthy,arentI?如果陈述部分用Im结构,附加疑问部分一般用arentI。如:2021/8/8星期日36TAGQUSTIONSTheressomewaterinthatbottle,isthere?Theressomethingwrongwithyourbike,isntthere?当陈述句为therebe结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如:2021/8/8星期日37TAGQUSTIONSBobrarelygotdrunk,didhe?Fewpeopleknowwhohewasfrom,dothey?J
26、aneseldomspeakswiththeboys,doesshe?陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,rarely,few,little,nowhere,nothing等否定词时,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如:如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分仍用否定形式。如:Hewasunsuccessful,wasnthe?Tomdisagreedwithus,didnthe?2021/8/8星期日38TAGQUSTIONSShetoldtheteacherthatIwaslateforclass,didntshe?Itol
27、dthemnoteverybodycoulddoit,didntI?当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如:但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。Ibelievethathesinnocent,isnthe?Idontthinkshecares,doesshe?2021/8/8星期日39TAGQUSTIONSJackhasbeendoinghishomeworkallafternoonbutheshouldfinis
28、hthemnow,shouldnthe?当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如:2021/8/8星期日40TAGQUSTIONSDontopenthedoor,willyou?Givemesomecigarettes,willyou?在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分一般用willyou,wontyou,wouldyou,等。如:但是,以lets开头的祈使句,其含义是allowus(包括听话人在内),附加疑问部分用shallwe;以letus开头的祈使句,其含义是allowus(不包括听话人在内),疑问部分用willyou。如:Letshave
29、abasketballmatchthisafternoon,shallwe?LetuswatchTV,willyou?2021/8/8星期日41TAGQUSTIONSYoumustworkhardnextterm,mustntyou?Imustanswertheletter,mustntI?当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustnt。如:但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)在如果不是猜测的情况下在该句中应该使用的形式来采用相应的动词形式。如:Youmusthavemadeamistake,haventyou?The
30、ymusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didntthey?Hemustbeastudent,isnthe?2021/8/8星期日42TAGQUSTIONSTheoldmanusedtosmoke,didnthe?或usednthe?Tomusedtolivehere,usednthe?或didnthe?当陈述部分含有情态动词usedto时,疑问部分可用usednt或didnt。如:2021/8/8星期日43TAGQUSTIONSWhatacleverboy,isnthe?Whatalovelyday,isntit?感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形
31、式。如:2021/8/8星期日44TAGQUSTIONSLearninghowtorepairmotorstakesalongtime,doesntit?Betweensixandsevenwillsuityou,wontit?Wheretoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecided,hasit?陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。如:2021/8/8星期日45TAGQUSTIONSOh,heisawriter,ishe?Youllnotgo,wontyou?在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽
32、刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如:2021/8/8星期日461.-You havent been to Beijing,have you?-,How I wish to go there!(2004 全国高考题)A.Yes,I have B.Yes,I havent C.No,I have.D.No,I havent 2.Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal,?(2006 上海)A.isnt it B.is it C.isnt be D.i
33、s heDA高考链接高考链接2021/8/8星期日473.He never said that he was good at mathematics,?(2007 北京高考题)A.was he?B.wasnt he?C.did he?D.didnt he?4.We forgot to bring our tickets,but please let us enter,?(2008 山东高考题)A.do you B.can we C.will you D.shall weCC 2021/8/8星期日48Major figures of speechSimile:afigurethatinvolv
34、esanexpressedcomparison,almostalwaysintroducedbytheword“like”or“as”,etc.Metaphor:thesubstitutionofonethingforanother,ortheidentificationoftwothingsfromdifferentrangesofthought.“animpliedcomparison,”“asimilewithoutlikeoras”2021/8/8星期日49Major figures of speechpersonification:afigurethatendowsobjects,a
35、nimals,ideas,orabstractionswithhumanform,character,orsensibility.metonymy:thesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanotherwithwhichitiscloselyassociated.2021/8/8星期日50Major figures of speechantithesis:thedeliberatesettingofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasis.2021/8/8星期日51Thank You!2021/8/8星期日522021/8/8星期日53