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1、虚拟语气2021/8/11 星期三1 如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子 我有一千万吗？我有一千万吗？我有一千万吗？我有一千万吗？没有。没有。没有。没有。所以我仍然没有房子。所以我仍然没有房子。所以我仍然没有房子。所以我仍然没有房子。如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。我有翅膀吗？我有翅膀吗？我有翅膀吗？我有翅膀吗？没有。没有。没有。没有。所以我也没办法飞所以我也没办法飞所以我也没办法飞所以我也没办法飞。如果把整个太平洋的水倒出，如果把整个太
2、平洋的水倒出，如果把整个太平洋的水倒出，如果把整个太平洋的水倒出，也浇不息我对你爱情的火也浇不息我对你爱情的火也浇不息我对你爱情的火也浇不息我对你爱情的火 整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗？整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗？整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗？整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗？不行。不行。不行。不行。所以我并不爱你。所以我并不爱你。所以我并不爱你。所以我并不爱你。2021/8/11 星期三2虚拟语气(the Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的不是事实，表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望或推测。而是一种假设、愿望或推测。2021/8/11 星期三31.the Subjunctiv
3、e Mood used in If Clauses；2.inversion used in If Clauses；3.the Subjunctive Mood used in the Noun Clauses；4.some other forms of the Subjunctive Mood；5.the Subjunctive Mood and the Indicative Mood.Test Points2021/8/11 星期三4虚拟语气的解题思路虚拟语气的解题思路1.依据情境，判定虚拟依据情境，判定虚拟2.抓住信息词，确定虚拟类别抓住信息词，确定虚拟类别3.依据时态，确定虚拟句的动词形
4、式依据时态，确定虚拟句的动词形式 You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drovedidnt get B.had drivenwouldnt have gotC.drovewouldnt get D.were drivingwouldnt get2021/8/11 星期三5一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式（1 1）条件从句）条件从句）条件从句）条件从句+主句主句主句主句（2 2）名词性从句中的虚拟语气）名词性从句中的虚拟语气）名词性从句中的虚拟语气）名词性从句中的虚拟语气（3 3）wish,a
5、s if,if only wish,as if,if only 及及及及would ratherwould rather 的虚拟形式的虚拟形式的虚拟形式的虚拟形式（4 4）It is time that It is time that 的虚拟形式的虚拟形式的虚拟形式的虚拟形式二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象（1 1 1 1）含蓄条件句）含蓄条件句）含蓄条件句）含蓄条件句（2 2 2 2）时间错综句）时间错综句）时间错综句）时间错综句（3 3 3 3）虚实错综句）虚实错综句）虚实错综句）虚实错综句2021/8/11 星期三6虚拟语气虚拟语气 the Subjuncti
6、ve Mood时间时间if 条件从句条件从句 主句主句过去过去现在现在将来将来had done would/should/could/might have donedid/were1.should do2.were to do3.didwould/should/could/might do2021/8/11 星期三71.1.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars,I would buy the plane.2.2.要是你离开的早一点要是你离开的早一点,你就会赶上公共汽车了你就会赶上公共汽车了.If y
7、ou had left earlier,you would have caughtthe bus.3.3.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事。我会告诉他这件事。(事实是事实是明天他不会来）明天他不会来）If he came/were to come/should come here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.2021/8/11 星期三8条件状语的倒装：条件状语的倒装：如果从句中有如果从句中有were,had,should时时,可以倒装成：可以倒装成：Were/Had/Should+主主+其他（其他（ifif省略）省略）Were I y
8、ou,I would give AIDS patients a hug.Had he been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.Should it snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.If I were you,I would give AIDS patients a hug.If he had been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.2021/8/11 星期三91
9、.1.The rice _ if you had been more careful.The rice _ if you had been more careful.A.would not be burning A.would not be burning B.would not burnB.would not burn C.would not have burnt C.would not have burnt D.would not burntD.would not burnt2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday,he _ me from going.2.I
10、f my lawyer _ here last Saturday,he _ me from going.A.had been;would have prevented A.had been;would have prevented B.had been;would prevent B.had been;would prevent C.were;would prevent C.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented D.were;would have prevented3.I didnt see your sister at the meet
11、ing.If she _ she would 3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _ she would have met my brother.have met my brother.A.has come B.did come A.has come B.did come C.came D.had comeC.came D.had come4._ 4._ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so for the free tickets,I would not
12、 have gone to the films so often.often.A.If it is not A.If it is not B.Were it not B.Were it not C.Had it not been C.Had it not been D.If they have notD.If they have not5.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.5.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt get B
13、.drove;wouldnt get A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got2021/8/11 星期三106.6.If she had worked harder,she _.If she had worked harder,she _.A.would succeed A.would succeed B.had succeeded B
14、.had succeeded C.should succeed C.should succeed D.would have succeedD.would have succeed7.If he _,he _ that food.7.If he _,he _ that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not take A.was warned;would not take B.had bee
15、n warned;would not have taken B.had been warned;would not have taken C.would be warned;had not taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken8.8.If it _ tomorrow,they would not go there by bike.If it _ tomorrow,they would not go th
16、ere by bike.A.will rain B.rains A.will rain B.rains C.would rain D.should rainC.would rain D.should rain9._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the 9._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should A.Were B.Should C.Would D.
17、WillC.Would D.Will10.If I _ you,I would not do it.10.If I _ you,I would not do it.A.am B.were A.am B.were C.shall be D.beingC.shall be D.being2021/8/11 星期三11 I propose that we(should)set a dead line for handing in the plans.I suggest that we(should)set off at once.I insisted that we(should)decide wh
18、at to do with him.虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：(should)+should)+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形注意注意:当当suggest 作作“暗示、表明暗示、表明”解时解时;insist表示表示“坚持说、坚持认为坚持说、坚持认为”解时不用虚拟！解时不用虚拟！1)His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.2)He insisted that he didnt steal the money and that the teacher(should)apologize to him.1.1.动词动词动词动词+宾
19、语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句一个坚持一个坚持;两个：两个：insist命令：命令：order,command;三个建议：三个建议：suggest,propose,advise;四个要求：四个要求：desire,demand,ask,require2021/8/11 星期三124.4.4.4.order order order order 等等等等+be+be+be+be+表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句 5.order 5.order 5.order 5.order 等等等等+同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句 上述结构中常用的名词有上述结构中常用的名词有上述结构中常用的名词有上述结构
20、中常用的名词有：suggestion,order,proposal,plan,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,requestidea,command,request等等等等。It is It is better that he(should)set off at once.better that he(should)set off at once.It is important that everybody(should)be told all the facts It is important that everybody(should
21、)be told all the facts.2.2.It is(was)+It is(was)+上述动词的过去分词上述动词的过去分词上述动词的过去分词上述动词的过去分词+that that 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句3.3.It is(was)+important/necessary/better/strange/surprising/It is(was)+important/necessary/better/strange/surprising/natural/possible/a pity/no wonder+that natural/possible/a pity/no wond
22、er+that 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句 It is demanded that he(should)leave at once.It is demanded that he(should)leave at once.It is requested that she(should)give a performance at the party It is requested that she(should)give a performance at the party.Our suggestion is that you(should)be first to go.Our sugges
23、tion is that you(should)be first to go.His only request is that you(should)give him more time.His only request is that you(should)give him more time.Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?2021/8/11 星期三131.1.I insist that a doctor _ immediate
24、ly.I insist that a doctor _ immediately.A.has been sent for B.sends for A.has been sent for B.sends for C.will be sent for D.be sent for C.will be sent for D.be sent for2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way.2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way.A.was B.was to be C.be D.
25、must be A.was B.was to be C.be D.must be3.He had an idea that we _ by bike.3.He had an idea that we _ by bike.A.shall go B.go C.went D.would go A.shall go B.go C.went D.would go4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till 4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow.tomorrow.A.to put B.
26、be put C.should put D.be putting A.to put B.be put C.should put D.be putting2021/8/11 星期三145.5.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free._ free.A.did;set B.had done;should be set A.did;set B.had done;should be set C.do;be set D.does;
27、would be set C.do;be set D.does;would be set6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion.6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion.A.will be B.are C.should be D.would be A.will be B.are C.should be D.would be7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at once.7.The boss gave orders
28、 that the work _ at once.A.will be started B.must be started A.will be started B.must be started C.be started D.should start C.be started D.should start8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules.8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules.A.obeys A.obeys B.obey B.obey C.will obe
29、y C.will obey D.would obeyD.would obey2021/8/11 星期三15 这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即比陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。件从句基本相同，即比陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。件从句基本相同，即比陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。件从句基本相同，即比陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。时间时间时间时间谓语动词虚拟语气谓语动词虚拟语气谓语动词虚拟语气谓语动词虚拟语气wish/as if
30、/wish/as if/as though/if only as though/if only 现在现在现在现在动词过去式（动词过去式（动词过去式（动词过去式（be be 多用多用多用多用werewere）过去过去过去过去had+had+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词将来将来将来将来would+would+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形/would rather动词过去式（动词过去式（动词过去式（动词过去式（be be 多用多用多用多用werewere）wish,as if 以及以及 if only 的虚拟形式：的虚拟形式：退一步退一步,海阔天空海阔天空2021/8/11 星期三16wis
31、hdid (were)(现在现在)had done/could have done(表示对过去事表示对过去事情遗憾情遗憾)(过去过去)would do (将来将来)I wish I knew several foreign languages.How I wish I had taken your adivce then.I wish you would visit our school again.I wish I could have slept longer every morning,but I had to get up and come to class.2021/8/11 星期三
32、17would rather(sooner/soon)did (were)(现在和将来）现在和将来）had done（过去）（过去）Id rather you had not done that.Dont come tomorrow.I would rather you came again the day after tomorrow.He d rather his children did not make so much noise.2021/8/11 星期三18Hope,think,want,expect,plan,intend,suppose,mean.表示过去不曾实现的愿望表示过去
33、不曾实现的愿望.had donehoped to have done.He failed the exam again though we all had expected him pass it.I had wanted to write to you earlier but I was too busy then.(I wanted to have written.)2021/8/11 星期三19as if did (were)had donewould +doHe talks as if he_America before.(去过）去过）He looks as if he _ill.He
34、 talks as if he _to the moon some day.(去过）去过）had been towerewould go2021/8/11 星期三201.1.I wish I _ you yesterday.I wish I _ you yesterday.A.seen B.did see A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to seeC.had seen D.were to see2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.2.When a pencil
35、 is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks A.breaks B.has broken B.has broken C.were broken C.were broken D.had been brokenD.had been broken3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next 3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend.weekend.A.went;should c
36、ome A.went;should come B.should go;had comeB.should go;had come C.had gone;came C.had gone;came D.go;comeD.go;come4.4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A.should be B.would be A.should be B.would be C.have been D.had beenC.
37、have been D.had been5.I blamed her yesterday.5.I blamed her yesterday.I would rather you _ that.I would rather you _ that.A.didnt do B.hadnt done A.didnt do B.hadnt done C.wouldnt do D.shouldnt doC.wouldnt do D.shouldnt do6.He is a very brave man.6.He is a very brave man.Yes.I wish I _ his courage.Y
38、es.I wish I _ his courage.A.have A.have B.had B.had C.will have D.would haveC.will have D.would have2021/8/11 星期三21 It is time that 的虚拟形式的虚拟形式 It is time thatIt is time that It is high time that It is high time that It is about time that It is about time thatIt is time 还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：还可以有其他句型形式，需注
39、意辨析：It is time It is time(for sb.)to do sth(for sb.)to do sth.It is the first time that(It is the first time that(从句用陈述语气的现在完成时从句用陈述语气的现在完成时从句用陈述语气的现在完成时从句用陈述语气的现在完成时)过去时过去时should+V.Its the first time(that)I have helped my mother do the housework.2021/8/11 星期三221.1.It is high time you _ the bus.It i
40、s high time you _ the bus.A.had caught A.had caught B.caught B.caught C.will catch C.will catch D.catchD.catch2.Its about time he _ to do the work.2.Its about time he _ to do the work.A.begins A.begins B.will begin B.will begin C.begin C.begin D.beganD.began3.Its high time that we _ to school.3.Its
41、high time that we _ to school.A.would go A.would go B.went B.went C.go C.go D.will goD.will go4.It is time we _ up our results.4.It is time we _ up our results.A.sum A.sum B.summed B.summed C.will sum C.will sum D.would sumD.would sum2021/8/11 星期三23（一）、含蓄条件句（一）、含蓄条件句（一）、含蓄条件句（一）、含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在
42、含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文短语或上下文短语或上下文短语或上下文中。这时，中。这时，中。这时，中。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词如必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词如必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词如必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词如:without,but for,otherwisewithout,but for,otherwise ,suppose(supposing),suppose(supposing)等来判断等来判断等来判断等来判断动词形式。动词形式。动词形式。动词形式。
43、1)Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.3)Suppose(supposing)your friends knew how you are behaving here,what would they think?2)But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.2021/8/11 星期三24用用otherwise(or,or else),though(although)等表示等表示与上下文所指的情况不同与上下文所指的情况不同,从而引出虚拟语气从而引出虚拟语
44、气.4)The storm stopped,otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.5)Einstein had little concern for money,though(although)he could have been a very rich man.2021/8/11 星期三251.Without electricity,human life _ quite different 1.Without electricity,human life _ quite different today.today.A.is
45、B.will be C.would have been D.would be A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 2.2.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something she would regret later.Otherwise,she _ something she would regret later.A.had said B.said C.m
46、ight say D.might have said A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said Without electricity=If there were no electricity2021/8/11 星期三26注意注意主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气:时间时间错综句错综句(这时虚拟句谓语动词的形式应根据具体这时虚拟句谓语动词的形式应根据具体时间时间加以调整加以调整)例如例如:（二）、时间错综句（二）、时间错综句If you had worked hard yesterday,you would b
47、e tired now.1.If the flower had been watered,it _ now.1.If the flower had been watered,it _ now.A.wouldnt die B.is dead A.wouldnt die B.is dead C.had been dead D.will not die C.had been dead D.will not die2.If his television set had not been stolen yesterday,he 2.If his television set had not been s
48、tolen yesterday,he _ TV now._ TV now.A.would watch B.would have watched A.would watch B.would have watched C.would be watching D.is watching C.would be watching D.is watching2021/8/11 星期三273.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_ in love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda C
49、ox Library in my hometown.(02 上海上海)A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallenC.should fall D.were to fall2021/8/11 星期三282)-Would you have called her up _ possible?-Yes,but I _ busy doing my homework.A.had it been was B.if it was were C.if it had been had been D.if it were would be问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用问句中用的是虚拟语
50、气，主句用 would have called,从从句中与过去相反的动词形式为句中与过去相反的动词形式为 had done；答句中表示；答句中表示的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。（三）、虚实错综句（三）、虚实错综句所谓所谓所谓所谓“虚实错综句虚实错综句虚实错综句虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语在一起的句子。这就需要我们