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1、Grammar and usageUnreal conditionals虚拟语气中的非真实条件句虚拟语气中的非真实条件句2021/8/11 星期三1虚拟语气可用于条件句和虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它一些从句中。虚拟语其它一些从句中。虚拟语气用于条件句中比较多气用于条件句中比较多,情况也比较复杂情况也比较复杂,所以要所以要特别加以注意特别加以注意,首先要判首先要判断一下是否应该用虚拟语断一下是否应该用虚拟语气气,因为条件句分为两种因为条件句分为两种,一种是真实条件句一种是真实条件句,一一虚拟语气的介绍虚拟语气的介绍2021/8/11 星期三2种是非真实条件句种是非真实条件句,只有只有在非真实条件句
2、中才用虚在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气拟语气,在真实条件句中在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气要用陈述语气。2021/8/11 星期三3非真实条件句的时态表达非真实条件句的时态表达如果假设的情况完全不存在或者如果假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小实现的可能性很小,可以说几乎没可以说几乎没有时有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表达就需要用虚拟语气来表达,也就是说也就是说,这时的条件句是非真实这时的条件句是非真实的条件句。此时的句子时态比真的条件句。此时的句子时态比真实条件句中的时态后退一步。实条件句中的时态后退一步。2021/8/11 星期三4If were/was/did,would/could/migh
3、t doIf I were you,I should/would go at once.If I got the chance,I would want to be a lawyer.与现在事实相反的条件句与现在事实相反的条件句2021/8/11 星期三5注意注意:在在if I/he/she/it 之后之后,可用可用were代替代替was。两者在意义上没有区。两者在意义上没有区别别,但是但是were更为正式更为正式,特别是特别是在称述心存怀疑的事情时在称述心存怀疑的事情时:If she were ready,we would go.2021/8/11 星期三6Ifhadbeen/done,wo
4、uld/could /might have done If you had been there last night,nothing would have happened.If she had got up earlier,she would have caught the bus.与过去事实相反的条件句与过去事实相反的条件句2021/8/11 星期三7Ifwas/were/did,would/could/might doIf it were Sunday tomorrow,we wouldnt have an exam.If I had time tomorrow,I would cer
5、tainly go to help you.与将来事实相反的条件句与将来事实相反的条件句2021/8/11 星期三8在与将来事实相反的条件从在与将来事实相反的条件从句中句中,用用were to或或should+do来表示来表示,如如:If I were to fail my English test,I would have to take it again at the end of the term.注意注意:2021/8/11 星期三9If he should come tomorrow,I would talk to him about it.PracticeRead the dial
6、ogue at page 40 and fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets.2021/8/11 星期三10在非真实条件句中在非真实条件句中,如果如果有有were,had,should,我我们可以将们可以将if省略省略,把这些把这些词置于句首词置于句首,采用倒装形采用倒装形式式,如如:虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装2021/8/11 星期三11If I should meet her,I would tell her.=Should I meet her,I would tell he
7、r.If I were in your position,I would do it better.2021/8/11 星期三12=Were I in your position,I would do it better.If they had made preparations,they would have succeeded.=Had they made preparations,they would have succeeded.2021/8/11 星期三13有时非真实条件句中有时非真实条件句中,主句谓语主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动
8、作并不同时谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生发生,这时动词的形式并不完全这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格来进行按照上述表格来进行,而需要按而需要按照各自的时间来调整照各自的时间来调整,这样的句这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句。子就叫错综时间条件句。错综时间条件句错综时间条件句2021/8/11 星期三14如如:If you had followed the doctors advice,then you would be all right now.If I hadnt finished my composition by now,I would be working on it tomorrow
9、.2021/8/11 星期三15If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday,he wouldnt have so many difficulties now.2021/8/11 星期三16有时一个假设的情况并不用条件有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示从句表示,而用其它方式来表示而用其它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。1.用用with,without等介词短语或等介词短语或分词短语或者独立主格结构来分词短语或者独立主格结构来代替条件从句。代替条件从句。含蓄条件句含蓄条件句2021/8/11 星期三17We mi
10、ght have died without your help.=We might have died if you hadnt helped us.Having known in time,we could havestopped it.=If we had known in time,we could stopped it.2021/8/11 星期三18在条件从句中除最常见的连词之外在条件从句中除最常见的连词之外,尚有下列连词尚有下列连词:otherwise;in case;but that;on condition that;unless;suppose/supposing(that);
11、so long as;provided/providing(that)2.用相当于用相当于if的其他连词表示虚拟结构的其他连词表示虚拟结构2021/8/11 星期三19I was busy last week,otherwise I would have come to see you.But that you had offered help,they couldnt have finished their work on time.2021/8/11 星期三20I would have given you more money,but I was poor then.I would have called you,but I forgot your telephone number.3.3.通过上下文来虚拟通过上下文来虚拟2021/8/11 星期三21Do the exercise at page 41.Finish the exercises at page118,C1 and C2More practice2021/8/11 星期三222021/8/11 星期三232021/8/11 星期三24