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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气(一一)Subjunctive Mood(I)GRAMMER 语法语法2021/8/11 星期三1MonetCan you match the paintings and the painters?2021/8/11 星期三2If you were an artist,what kind of pictures would you paint?If I were an artist,I would paint2021/8/11 星期三34陈述语气陈述语气陈述事实或提出看法陈述事实或提出看法,有肯定有肯定,否定否定,疑问或感叹等形式疑问或感叹等形式4I went to the t
2、heatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.4祈祈使语气使语气4请求请求,邀请邀请,命令命令,警告或劝告等警告或劝告等Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一一.语气的分类语气的分类2021/8/11 星期三44虚拟语气虚拟语气不是事实不是事实,而是假设而是假设,愿望愿望,怀疑或推测等怀疑或推测等4If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the
3、library this afternoon.2021/8/11 星期三5条件句条件句表示主句的条件表示主句的条件,分分真实条件句真实条件句 和和虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 两种。两种。a.真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或有可真的或有可能实现的能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是无法实现或无法实现或几乎无法实现的几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。2021/8/11 星期三6二二.if 虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句的概念概念由由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句I could easily reco
4、gnize if I had seen him before.其他虚拟条件句其他虚拟条件句Without your help,I couldnt have finished my work on time.2021/8/11 星期三7三三.if Sentence Structure if 虚拟条件句的结构虚拟条件句的结构a.表示表示与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 的假设的假设b.表示表示与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 的假设的假设c.表示表示与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 的假设的假设2021/8/11 星期三81.虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于条件状语条件状语从句中从句中(1)表示与表示与现在事实相反现
5、在事实相反的假设的假设,条件条件 状语从句状语从句中的谓语动词用中的谓语动词用“过去式过去式(be 动词的过去式用动词的过去式用were)”,而而主句主句中的谓中的谓语动词语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形”。虚拟语气虚拟语气If I were a boy,I would join the army.2021/8/11 星期三9What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I would2021/8/11 星期三10If I won the lottery,I would bu
6、y an expensive car.2021/8/11 星期三11If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa.2021/8/11 星期三12If it were fine now,I would go shopping.2021/8/11 星期三13a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If the world-war _(burst)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRA
7、CTICE 1:Fill in the blanks.2021/8/11 星期三14c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room,it _(be)very dangerous.d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould ask2021/8/11 星期三152.与过去的事实相反与过去的事实相反从句的谓语从句的谓语用用had过去分词过去分词,构成构成If I(we,you,he,they)had过去分词的过去分词的形式；形式；主句的谓语主句的谓语
8、用用should(第一人称第一人称)/would(第二、三人称第二、三人称)/could/might have 动词过去分词。动词过去分词。2021/8/11 星期三16If he _ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 2021/8/11 星期三17If I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been 2021/8/11 星期三18a.If Tom _(be)more care
9、ful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.b.If you _(get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2:Fill in the blanks2021/8/11 星期三19c.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _(go)to the concert together.had metwould have gone2021/8/11 星期三203.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句的
10、谓语从句的谓语用用If I(we,you,he,they)动词过去式或动词过去式或 were to do 或或should do 形式形式,主句谓语主句谓语用用should(第一人第一人称称)/would(第二、三人称第二、三人称)/could/might 动词原形。动词原形。2021/8/11 星期三21If he got up early,he would be on time.2021/8/11 星期三22假如他来了假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come,what should we say to him.假如他看见我假如他看见我,就会认识我
11、。就会认识我。If he should see me,he would know me.2021/8/11 星期三23a.If there _(be)no natural resource any more,we _(make)use of nuclear power.b.What _(happen)if you _(get up)too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3:Fill in the blanks2021/8/11 星期三24c.If Robots _(control)the
12、world some day,here _(be)no friendship.were to controlwould be2021/8/11 星期三25 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同时间不同而不同,这叫做这叫做混合条件句混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与主句与现在事实相反现在事实相反 If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.2021/8/11 星期三26If
13、the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.2021/8/11 星期三27条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在 过去时过去时(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原原)一一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。2021/8/11 星期三28条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓从句的谓语形式语形式 主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去 过去完成时过去完成时would/could/should/might+ha
14、ve+p.p.2021/8/11 星期三29条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来未来1.过去时过去时2.should+V.3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原原)2021/8/11 星期三30二二.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在宾语从句宾语从句中的用法中的用法1.在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中,表示表示与现在或过去的事实相反与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将或对将来的主观愿望来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词从句通常省略连词that。2021/8/11 星期三311)表示对表示对现在情况的虚拟现在情况的
15、虚拟:从句动词从句动词用用过去式过去式(be动词一般用动词一般用were)。2021/8/11 星期三32I wish I were as tall as you.2021/8/11 星期三33I wish I were a bird.2021/8/11 星期三34I wish every day were my birthday.2021/8/11 星期三35I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2)表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动从句动词常用词常用“had过去分词过去分词”。2021/8/11 星期三36The pa
16、rty was terrible,I wish I had never gone to it.2021/8/11 星期三37(3)表示对将来的主观愿望表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形从句动词形式为式为“wouldcould might动词原形动词原形”。注意注意:主句的主句的主语主语与从句的主语与从句的主语不能相不能相同同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿。愿。但愿你立刻来。但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon.2021/8/11 星期三38I wish it wou
17、ld rain tomorrow.2021/8/11 星期三39as if/as though由由as if(as though)或或even though(even though)引导的状语从句表示比较或方引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时式时,从句谓语形式为动词从句谓语形式为动词的过去式的过去式(be用用were)或或“had过去分词过去分词”。2021/8/11 星期三40He behaves as if he owned the house.2021/8/11 星期三41He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.2021
18、/8/11 星期三42.He walks as if he were drunk(其实并没醉）注意注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生或事如果表示的事情可能会发生或事实如此实如此,那么状语从句中的谓语动词可那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。用陈述语气。He walks as if he is drunk.（确实醉（确实醉了）了）2021/8/11 星期三43关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析1I shouldnt do that if I was you.I shouldnt do that if I were you.表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词不能用was 只能用were.If
19、 my father were here now,he will tell me what to do.If my father were here now,he would tell me what to do.表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,主句的的助动词只能用would,might 等2021/8/11 星期三443.If I knew her telephone number,I would have called her.If I had known her telephone number,I would have called her.表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的表示与过去
20、事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的动词要用过去完成时动词要用过去完成时2021/8/11 星期三454.Idont think that I shall fail.But if I fail,I would try again.Idont think that I shall fail.But if I should fail,I would try again.表示与未来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的表示与未来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的动词用动词用should 加动词原形加动词原形2021/8/11 星期三46运用虚拟语气翻译下列句子运用虚拟语气翻译下列句子1.我要是你的话我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。我希望我十年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。Homework2021/8/11 星期三472021/8/11 星期三48