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1、Unit 1 Great Scientists2021/8/11 星期三1Do you know?Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?ArchimedesCharles Darwin2021/8/11 星期三2Who invented the first steam engine?Thoma
2、s NewcomenWho used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor Mendel2021/8/11 星期三3Who discovered radium?Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of peop
3、le?Maries CurieThomas EdisonLeonardo da Vinci2021/8/11 星期三4Who invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground?Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Who put forward a theory about black holes?Sir Humphrey DavyZhang HengStephen Hawking2021/8/11 星期三5Who is the f
4、ather of super hybrid rice?Yuan LongpingDo you know who defeated“King Cholera”?John Snow2021/8/11 星期三6John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated“King Cholera”.Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty wat
5、er and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.2021/8/11 星期三7Lets get to know how Dr.John Snow defeated“King Cholera”in 1854 in London in this reading passage:John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”2021/8/11 星期三8What happened in 1854?How many people died in 10 days?Why
6、 is there no death at No.20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No.8 and 9 Cambridge Street?Cholera outbreak hit London.500These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.Task 1:Skim and Scan2021/8/11 星期三9Task 2:Read and answer1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Whi
7、ch theory did John Snow believe in?3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _.A.gathering information with the help of a map B.looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C.Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D.Both A and B4 To preven
8、t the cholera from spreading again,what did John Snow do?2021/8/11 星期三101 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?Neither its cause,not its cure was understood.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.2021/8/11 星期三113 John Snow fina
9、lly proved the theory he believed by _.A.gathering information with the help of a map B.looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C.separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D.both A and B2021/8/11 星期三124 To prevent the cholera from spreading again,w
10、hat did John Snow do?Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine.Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.2021/8/11 星期三13John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”The passage is written as
11、 a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:1.Find a problem:(发现问题发现问题)2.Make up a question:(形成研究主题形成研究主题)3.Think of a method:(找出研究方法找出研究方法)4.Collect results:(收集材料收集材料)5.Analyse results:(分析材料分析材料)6.Repeat if necessary:(必要时重新分析必要时重新分析)7.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论得出结论)2021/8/11 星期三14Mind Map of the
12、textJohn Snow Defeats“King Cholera”Paragraph 1:Introduction of John Snow and Cholera Paragraph 2:Two theory Find a Problem:What cause the cholera?Make a question:Which is right?Paragraph 3-5:Study of the breakout in 1854 2021/8/11 星期三15Paragraph 3:Study of the breakout in 1854 Think of a method:Test
13、 two theoryCollect the result:Mark the deathAnalyse the result:Reason for death and no deathParagraph 4:Study of the breakout in 1854 Paragraph 5:Study of the breakout in 1854 Analyse the result:Find the resource of the water Repeat if necessary:Find more evidence.Draw a conclusion:Cholera was sprea
14、d by germ Polluted water carried cholera2021/8/11 星期三16Paragraph 6:Prevention of Cholera John Snow defeat King Cholera2021/8/11 星期三17Read the passage again and finish Ex.1(Page 3).(in 8 minutes)John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”2021/8/11 星期三18Scientific Reportby John SnowThe problemThe causeIdea 1:Idea
15、 2:The methodNobody knew the cause of the serious disease of choleraa strange cloud of gas found its victimspeople absorbed the disease with mealsCollect information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correct2021/8/11 星期三19The resultsIdea 1 or 2?Why?The conclusionHe found the cause
16、of cholera was the polluted waterIdea 2.Because the information showed that the dirty water carried choleraHe defeated cholera by examining the water supply and dealing with the polluted water 2021/8/11 星期三20Retell the passage according to below:John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ centur
17、y.He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it.In 1854 when a cholera _ out,he began to gather information.He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died.So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.He sug
18、gested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.2021/8/11 星期三21Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century.He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it.In
19、1854 when a cholera _ out,he began to gather information.He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died.So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new method
20、s of _ with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing (in 5 minutes)2021/8/11 星期三22Do you know?发明蒸汽机的并不是瓦特，他是改进纽可门的蒸气机并发明出双动作，使世界进入“蒸气时代”的，使他成为第一次工业革命中的名气最大的发明家。2021/8/11 星期三231865年，修士孟德尔在一个会议上报告了他通过长达八年的实验研究和他所统计的多达两万一千多件样本的
21、实验结果，利用豌豆实验发现了植物的遗传规律，但是孟道尔的理论超出了当时人们能够接受的水平。35年后，三国科学家几乎是同时发现了植物遗传的规律。而当他们准备发表论文，去查阅文献时，又不约而同地发现，早在35年前孟德尔就发现这样的规律了。他们三个人在发表论文时，都提到了孟德尔的文章，称自己的工作是证实了孟德尔的定律。这就是生物学史上的有名的“孟德尔定律的再发现”。2021/8/11 星期三24英国化学家、诗人汉弗莱戴维。1778年出生。他小时聪明、淘气，不喜欢读书，喜欢玩乐。他不到20岁时，父亲去世。为了养家糊口，他到当地一位医生那当学徒，从此接触并喜欢上化学，因为觉得自己知识浅薄，他就自订计划发
22、奋用功，凭着他的天资和勤奋，很快掌握了七种语言和不少科学知识，并最终成为了英国皇家学会的主席。1798年戴维的名声随着他对笑气的发现而传遍了整个英国。他还带病专门研究火焰，发明了矿用安全灯（1816），这种灯一直到今天仍叫戴维灯，曾挽救了成千上万名矿工的生命。2021/8/11 星期三25Language Language points points2021/8/11 星期三26Language Points Language Points 2021/8/11 星期三27Find the phrases in the passage.1、提出、提出 2、传染病、传染病3、科学研究、科学研究4、
23、得出结论、得出结论5、分析结果、分析结果6、对、对产生兴趣产生兴趣7、被传染的人、被传染的人8、信仰、信仰9、查清楚、查清楚10、调查、调查11、水源、水源12、使慢下来、使慢下来13、另外、另外14、把、把和和联系联系起来起来15、死于、死于16、毫无疑问地、毫无疑问地17、阻止、阻止做做18、处理、处理2021/8/11 星期三28put forwardinfectious diseasesscientific research draw a conclusionanalyze the resultsget interested in the affected people believe
24、 in find out 1、提出、提出 2、传染病、传染病3、科学研究、科学研究4、得出结论、得出结论5、分析结果、分析结果6、对、对产生兴趣产生兴趣7、被传染的人、被传染的人8、信仰、信仰9、查清楚、查清楚2021/8/11 星期三29look into the source of water slow down in addition linkto die of with certaintypreventfrom deal with 10、调查、调查11、水源、水源12、使慢下来、使慢下来13、另外、另外14、把、把和和联联系起来系起来15、死于、死于16、毫无疑问地、毫无疑问地17、阻
25、止、阻止做做18、处理、处理2021/8/11 星期三30 Language Points1.discover&inventdiscover v.“发现发现“,被探索或被揭示物老早就客观被探索或被揭示物老早就客观存在着存在着.Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲年发现了美洲.Who discovered radium?谁发现了镭谁发现了镭?invent v.“发明发明”,指的是发明原先不存在的东西指的是发明原先不存在的东西.Who invented the steam engine?谁发明了蒸汽机谁发明了蒸汽机?2.Who
26、 invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法中的每个人的办法?2021/8/11 星期三31the way of doing sth.=the way to do “做做.的方法的方法”She showed us the way of cleaning it.=She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法她给我们示范清洗它的办法.the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种引导的定语从句的引导
27、词有三种,可以用可以用that;可以可以用用in which;还可以省略还可以省略.I dont like the way(that/in which)you speak to your father.我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式.与与way相关的短语相关的短语:by the way 顺便说顺便说 by way of 通过通过的方法的方法lose ones way 迷路迷路 no way (俚语俚语)没门没门,别想别想feel ones way 摸黑走摸黑走,谨慎从事谨慎从事on ones way to在去在去的路上的路上in this way=by this me
28、ans=with this method用这种方法用这种方法2021/8/11 星期三323.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论谁提出了黑洞的理论?put forward(1)to offer(an idea,suggestion etc.)for consideration 提出提出(建议等建议等)(2)推荐某人或自己任职位推荐某人或自己任职位;提名提名May I put your name forward as our monitor?我能否提名你当我们我能否提名你当我们的班长的班长?put away 抛弃抛弃;舍弃舍弃
29、 put down 写下来写下来;记入名单记入名单;put on 穿上穿上;戴上戴上;增加增加 put off 耽误耽误;延期延期put out 熄灭熄灭(灯灯);扑灭扑灭(火火)put up 建立建立;建造建造put up with 忍受忍受 You can take anything from the shelf and read,but please _ the books when youve finished with them.A.put on B.put down C.put back D.put off2021/8/11 星期三331.put forward 1.put for
30、ward 提出提出put down put down put off put off put away put away put on put on put out put out 放下，记下放下，记下推迟，延期推迟，延期放好放好穿上，穿上，上演上演扑灭扑灭Ex.Fill in the blanks.Ex.Fill in the blanks.1.1.The manager _ a good idea to solve the problem.The manager _ a good idea to solve the problem.2.2.Tom,could you please _ to
31、ys and books?Tom,could you please _ toys and books?They are everywhere.They are everywhere.3.The big fire was _ an hour later.3.The big fire was _ an hour later.4.The match has _ because of the rain.4.The match has _ because of the rain.5.Time was up for the test.So all the students _5.Time was up f
32、or the test.So all the students _ their pens and turned in their papers.their pens and turned in their papers.6.The man _ his best hat and went to the station.6.The man _ his best hat and went to the station.put forwardput forwardput awayput awayput output outbeen put offbeen put offput downput down
33、put onput on2021/8/11 星期三344.This was the most deadly disease of its day.die(v.)dead(adj.)death(n.)deadly adj.1.dangerous;likely to cause death 危险的危险的;致命的致命的 a deadly disease/weapon 2.highly effective against sth.or someone 强有力的强有力的;致致命的命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论击中要害的评论3.aiming to kill or destroy意在杀
34、死的意在杀死的;不共戴天的不共戴天的:a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人不共戴天的敌人adv.1.Very极度极度;非常非常;十分十分:deadly serious 十分认真十分认真 2.like death 死一般地死一般地:deadly pale 死一般苍白死一般苍白2021/8/11 星期三352.attend2.attend1)1)专心专心,处理处理 attend to sth.attend to sth.2 2）照顾）照顾 attend to sb./sthattend to sb./sth3)3)治疗，护理治疗，护理,照料照料attend(on)sb.attend(on)s
35、b.4 4）出席，参加）出席，参加 attend a meetingattend a meeting attend school (attend school (入学）入学）He attended to his business.He attended to his business.If you go out,who will attend to the baby?If you go out,who will attend to the baby?I didnt attend his wedding on Sunday because I I didnt attend his wedding
36、 on Sunday because I was too busy.was too busy.他专心于他的事务。他专心于他的事务。如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。2021/8/11 星期三36Exercises q 她岁就上学了。她岁就上学了。q一位好医生在医院里给我看病。一位好医生在医院里给我看病。q你能马上处理这件事吗？你能马上处理这件事吗？She attended school at the age of five.A good doctor attended(on)me in hospital.Ca
37、n you attend to this matter right away?2021/8/11 星期三373.ease v.减轻，舒缓减轻，舒缓This medicine can ease pain.The relationship between these two countries has eased.这种药能镇痛缓解痛楚。这种药能镇痛缓解痛楚。两国的关系已经得到缓和。两国的关系已经得到缓和。q ease ones mind =put sb.at(ones)ease 使某人安心使某人安心 她说的话使大家安下心来。她说的话使大家安下心来。What she said eased every
38、ones mind.What she said put everyone at ease.2021/8/11 星期三385.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.在句中是过去分词作后置定语在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动表示被动.意为意为“患霍乱的患霍乱的”.如如:The book written by Luxun is very popular.expose v.(1)to make visible 暴露暴露 “expose.to.”(2)He exp
39、oses his skin to the sun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.(3)(2)to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of 揭露揭露;揭发揭发(4)He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋他揭穿了他们的阴谋.(5)I threatened to expose him (to the police).我威胁要我威胁要(向向警察警察)揭发他揭发他.2021/8/11 星期三39expose to 使易受使易受,使受使受 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局揭穿骗局expose sth.to the light of d
40、ay 把某事暴露把某事暴露于光天化日之下于光天化日之下The disc,in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded2021/8/11 星期三405.cure v./n.治愈治愈,治疗治疗 This kind of medicine cant cure him of his headache.He went to the city for a cure in a famous hospital.这种药治不了他的头痛
41、。这种药治不了他的头痛。他到城里一家有名的医院治疗。他到城里一家有名的医院治疗。v.n.q 科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。Scientists are searching for a method to cure bird flu.Scientists are searching for a method to cure bird flu.2021/8/11 星期三416.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的每
42、次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死老百姓病死.every time是连词是连词,引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句,意为意为“每次每次,每当每当”,如如:Every time I meet him,I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们我就想起发生在我们之间的事情之间的事情.immediately,the moment,directly,instantly 等都可以作等都可以作连词连词,引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句,意为意为“一一就就”,如如:I will give the letter t
43、o him immediately I see him.我一见我一见到他就把这封信给他到他就把这封信给他.I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了我一接到你的信就来了.2021/8/11 星期三426.controlv v.统治，控制统治，控制He tried to control his anger.He tried to control his anger.他尽量控制自己的愤怒。他尽量控制自己的愤怒。n.n.统治，控制统治，控制,掌握掌握 in control of in control of指导；支配指导；支配He was in contr
44、ol of the car.他负责这辆小汽车。他负责这辆小汽车。under the control ofunder the control of 被被控制着控制着(go)out of control (go)out of control 失控失控q 他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。q 那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。His money is under the control of his wife.His money is under the control of his wife.The car went out of control and hit the
45、 wall.The car went out of control and hit the wall.2021/8/11 星期三437.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着故地繁殖着.(Suggest 用法参考用法参考P43.4,并完成相关的练并完成相关的练习习)8.absorb v.吸收吸收(液体液体);承受承受;承担承担(费用等费用等)Use the cloth to absorb the spilled in
46、k.吸干撒的墨水吸干撒的墨水We will not absorb these charges.我们不能承担这些费用我们不能承担这些费用.absorbin/by.吸引注意吸引注意 I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you call.专心专心看书看书2021/8/11 星期三44absorbinto吸收吸收The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。些小的公司吞并了。20
47、21/8/11 星期三458.severe =serious =serious 严厉的，严格的严厉的，严格的=very harmful =very harmful 剧烈的剧烈的 be severe with=be strict with be severe with=be strict with 对对要求严格要求严格His severe looks frightened me.His severe looks frightened me.他的严厉表情使我恐慌。他的严厉表情使我恐慌。He has a severe pain in his leg.He has a severe pain in h
48、is leg.他的脚痛得厉害。他的脚痛得厉害。q 他对自己要求很严格。他对自己要求很严格。He is very severe with himself.He is very severe with himself.2021/8/11 星期三469.valuable 9.valuable a a.贵重的，重要的，有用的贵重的，重要的，有用的be valuable to sb.be valuable to sb.对某人有价值对某人有价值be valuable for sth.be valuable for sth.对对有用有用value value n n.价值价值valuable=of grea
49、t value valuable=of great value 他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。这本书对我的学习很有价值。这本书对我的学习很有价值。电脑对储存资料很有用。电脑对储存资料很有用。He provided us with valuable information.He provided us with valuable information.This book is valuable to me in my studies.This book is valuable to me in my studies.This book is of great value
50、to me in my studies.This book is of great value to me in my studies.Computer is valuable for storing information.Computer is valuable for storing information.2021/8/11 星期三4710.blame 责备，指责，归咎于责备，指责，归咎于blame sb.(for sth.)blame sb.(for sth.)blame sth.on sb.blame sth.on sb.They blamed him for everything