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1、(六)情态动词一、情态动词的基本用法1can(1)(表示能力)能；会She can drive，but she cant ride a bicycle.【注】could表示“原来具备某种能力，现在没有这种能力了”，但was/were able to则表示过去成功地做成了某事。I could swim all the way across the lake，but I cant now.我原来能游过这个湖，但现在不能了。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.大火很快蔓延了整个
2、旅馆，但全体人员都脱离了危险。2021/8/11 星期三1(2)(表示可能、许可)能够；可以“Can I use your telephone？”“Yes，of course you can.”You cant park your car in this street.【注】can可作“有时候会”解，意思是平时或大部分时间不是这样子，只是偶尔发生的事情。如：Jogging can be harmful to the health.慢跑有时候会对身体健康有害。(3)(表温和的命令)请做，得Ill do the cooking，and you can do the washing.我来做饭，请你去
3、洗衣服。(4)(用于疑问句中，表请求、提议)能不能；要不要Can you give me a lift to the station?Cant you lend me ten dollars？请你借给我10美元吧？2021/8/11 星期三2(5)(用于疑问句中，表惊讶、怀疑等)“(到底)可能有这样的事吗？”Can it be that it was I，not he，who was mistaken？难道错的会是我，而不是他吗？(6)构成下列特殊句式：can not/can never.too.或cannot.enough“无论怎么也不过分；越越好；非常”。One cannot be too
4、 careful.越认真越好。I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。cannot help doing./cannot help but do./cannnot but do.“禁不住；不由得；不得不”。I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.When a close friend dies，you cannot but feel sad.2021/8/11 星期三32.may(1)(表准许、请求)可以You may go home now，Susan.苏珊，你现在可以回家了。May I h
5、ave a word with you，please？我可以跟你说句话吗？(2)(表愿望、祝福)但愿；祝。此时，句子要用倒装语序。May you succeed！祝你成功！(3)(用于目的状语从句中)为了；为了能够He works hard so that he may get good grades.(4)(用于让步状语从句中)即使；无论Whatever he may say，I dont believe him.(5)构成句型：may/might as well do sth.“还是做某事的好；不妨去做某事”Since weve got nothing better to do，we mi
6、ght as well go for a walk.既然我们没什么更好的事情可做，我们不妨去散散步。2021/8/11 星期三43must(1)(表义务、必要性、命令)必须，得，要“Must I wash the dishes at once？”“No，you neednt.”“我得立刻洗这些盘子吗？”“不，不必。”Animals must eat to live.为了活下去，动物必须吃东西。【注】mustnt表“禁止、不准”。You mustnt play with the knife；you may hurt yourself.你不可玩刀子，你会把自己割伤的。(2)(表必然性)必定Ever
7、yone must die.每个人都必定会死。(3)(表固执、不满等)偏偏；硬要；偏要If you must know，Im going to help him look for an apartment.如果你偏要知道，那我告诉你，我要去帮助他找一套公寓。2021/8/11 星期三54shall(1)用于疑问句中，与第一、三人称连用，表示征求对方的意见Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?Shall we go out for a walk?【注】may用于征求对方的许可，shall用于征求对方的意见或指示。May I have a
8、 look？我能看一下吗？Shall I have a look？要我看一下吗？(2)用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等Dont worry.You shall get the answer this very afternoon.不要焦急，今天下午你就会得到答复。(允诺)He shall be sorry one day.I tell you.我告诉你，他早晚有一天会后悔的。(警告)(3)(用于法律、规则等条文中)应，须，得The fine shall be given in cash.罚款应以现金缴纳。2021/8/11 星期三65should(1)(表义务
9、、责任)应该We should attend the meeting.我们应该参加这次会议。(2)(表预期)应该会，想必会，一定会吧The concert should be great fun.音乐会一定会很有意思。(3)(表惊讶、遗憾)竟然；居然Im glad that your story should have won the first prize.我很高兴你的小说居然赢得头奖。(4)(与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等)究竟是；到底Who should come in but my old friend Betty！我当是谁进来了呢，原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀！2021/8/11 星
10、期三7(5)(用于条件状语从句中)一旦；万一If she should know the truth，she would be greatly depressed.万一她知道了实情，她将会非常失望。Should you change your mind，let us know.你一旦改变主意，就通知我们。(6)(用于表示命令、建议、请求的动词后面的that从句中，且should可省略)应该；必须She demanded that they(should)leave at once.她要求他们立即离开。(7)(用于以lest，for fear that，in case引导的状语从句中)以免；唯恐
11、She gave me a list just in case I should forget what to buy.她给了我一张清单，以免我忘记买些什么。2021/8/11 星期三86.would(1)(表过去的习惯性动作)(从前)常常；经常We would stay up all night talking about our future.那时候，我们常常彻夜谈论我们的将来。(2)(表示说话者的厌烦、焦躁)老是；偏要Thats exactly like Susie.She would come to me just when I was busy.苏西就是那个样子，她老是在我忙碌的时候
12、来找我。(3)(用于否定句中，主语一般是事物，表示某事物暂时的特性)就是(不能)That window wouldnt open.那扇窗户打不开。(4)表示请求或个人的想法、看法，使语气婉转Would you mind if I opened the window？我打开窗户你不介意吧？2021/8/11 星期三9二、情态动词表推测情态动词must，can/could，may/might可以用来对事情进行推测。must表推测时只能用于肯定句，是对现在或过去的事情进行的推测，不能表对将来事情的推测，语气非常肯定，译为“一定”。can/could表推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句，也是对现在或过去的事
13、情进行推测，但could偶尔可用于肯定推测。may/might表推测时一般用于肯定句或否定句，可对现在、过去或将来的事情进行推测，语气不很肯定，译为“可能”。此时，一般有两种结构：“情态动词be”和“情态动词have done”。1“情态动词be”结构通常用来对现在或将来的状况进行推测。The light is still on.He must be working in the office now.灯还亮着，他现在一定还在办公室工作着。2021/8/11 星期三10Michael cant be a policeman，for hes much too short.麦克不可能是警察，因为他
14、太矮了。He may be in the classroom.Ill go and make sure.他或许在教室里，我去弄弄清楚。2“情态动词have done”结构用于对过去事情的推测。I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我当时没有听到电话响，我一定是睡着了。Tom hasnt come back yet.He may have missed the bus again.汤姆还没有回来，他可能又没赶上班车。Jack cant have arrived yet；otherwise he would have telephoned m
15、e.杰克不可能来到，否则，他会给我来电话的。【注】might have done和could have done除了表对过去事情的推测外，还可表示一种责备语气，意为“(过去)本来可以(能够)做某事，但实际上没有做到”，此时不能用may或can。2021/8/11 星期三11He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy.即使再忙，他也可能再多给你一些帮助的。三、情态动词表责备语气情态动词should，ought to，could，might，need等常用来表示说话人对过去事情的不满或遗憾，带有较强烈的责备语气。1s
16、hould(ought to)have done“本应该”，表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情，含有责备或遗憾的语气，其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have done”。I told Sally how to get there，but perhaps I should have written it out for her.当时我告诉了莎丽如何去那儿，但或许我还是该给她写出来为好。【注】should have done还可以表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。Its wonderful that you should have achieved so much in th
17、ese years.太神奇了，这几年你竟然取得了这么大的成就。2021/8/11 星期三122could/might have done“本来能够(会)”，表示过去本来可以(能够)做某事，但实际上没有做到。I didnt go to class last night because my car broke down.You could have borrowed mine.I wasnt using it.“我昨晚没去上课，我的车坏了。”“那你该借我的呀，我那时没用它。”3neednt have done“本来不需要”，表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了。There was plen
18、ty of time.She neednt have hurried.当时时间很充足，她本没有必要那么匆忙的。2021/8/11 星期三13过 关 落 实1Hows your tour around the North Lake?Is it beautiful?It _ be，but it is now heavily polluted.Awill Bwould Cshould Dmust 解析：should译为“应该”，含有批评的语气。答案：C2What does the sign over there read?“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted c
19、igarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”Awill Bmay Cshall Dmust 解析：shall表示按法律，规则等条文规定“必须”。答案：C2021/8/11 星期三143She looks very happy.She _ have passed the exam.I guess so.Its not difficult after all.Ashould Bcould Cmust Dmight 解析：must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译为“肯定发生过 某事”。答案：C4Where is my dictionary?I remem
20、ber I put it here yesterday.You _ it in the wrong place.Amust put Bshould have put Cmight put Dmight have put 解析：might have done表示对过去事情的不太肯定的推测，译为“或许 发生过某事”。答案：D2021/8/11 星期三155The teacher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him，I suppose.Ashould Bcan Cwould Dmust
21、解析：must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测。答案：D6My MP4 player isnt in my bag.Where _ I have put it?Acan Bmust Cshould Dwould 解析：在否定和疑问句中只能用can表推测。答案：A7My cats really fat.You _ have given her so much food.Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cshouldnt Dmustnt 解析：shouldnt have done表示本不应该做某事但实际上却做了，含有责备的语气。答案：C2021/8/11 星期三168The big
22、gest problem for most plants，which _ just get up and run away when threatened，is that animals like to eat them.Ashant Bcant Cneednt Dmustnt 解析：根据上下文的意思应用cant表示能力。答案：B9Theres no light onthey _ be at home.Acant Bmustnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 解析：对现在事实的否定猜测，用cant。答案：A10If it were not for the fact that she _
23、sing,I would invite her to the party.Acouldnt Bshouldnt Ccant Dmight not 解析：此处cant表示不具有某种能力(不会)。答案：C2021/8/11 星期三1711.Dont interrupt me，John._ you force me to tell you the truth at the moment?AMight BMust CShould DWould 解析：Must you.？你一定要/非要吗？答案：B12.The public transportation is very convenient in tha
24、t big city，so there _ be any difficulty in traveling around.Amustnt Bwouldnt Cshouldnt Dneednt 解析：shouldnt句中意为“应该不会”。答案：C13.Has the manager gone on business?No.He _ have but something prevented him at the last minute.Acould Bmay Ccan Dmustnt 解析：句意为“他本来应已出差,但有事情在最后一刻发生阻碍了他”。答案：A2021/8/11 星期三1814Our h
25、olidays were ruined by the weather；_ have stayed at home!Ait may be as well Bit was just as well we Cwe might just as well Dwe might do as well as we 解析：might(just)as well意为“只好”。答案：C15How exciting!I drove my new car at a speed of 120 km/h on Sunday morning.Were you crazy?You _ yourself!Amust have killed Bshould have killed Cmight have killed Dneed have killed 解析：考查情态动词。“might have 过去分词”是对过去情况的可 能性推测，此处含有“责备，批评”的意味。此题易误选B。答案：C2021/8/11 星期三192021/8/11 星期三20