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1、Unit 2 Fit for life ReadingTwo life-saving medicines 2021/8/11 星期三1 Aspirin has saved many peoples lives by reducing fever and helping stop p_.Lawrence Craven introduced the idea that aspirin could reduce the r_ of heart attacks by thinning blood.In 1971,Smith and Willis p_ that aspirin was a blood-
2、thinning medicine and a study showed that a chemical in aspirin could prevent a s_.In 2003,a Chinese doctor found that this chemical could reduce blood s_ levels and help people with diabetes.Aspirin painriskprovedstrokesugar2021/8/11 星期三2 Penicillin,discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928,is c_ to
3、be one of the most important medicines in contemporary s_.Howard Florey and Ernst Chain managed to use new chemical t_ o purify it to be a medicine.Due to its widespread use,many lives were saved during World War II.Penicillin is also used to treat other illnesses i_ pneumonia.In 1945,Fleming,Florey
4、 and Chain s_ the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work.Penicillinconsideredsocietytechniquesincludingshared2021/8/11 星期三3ASPIRIN 1897 1899 1900 1950 1971 1977 20032021/8/11 星期三4P PE EN NI IC CI IL LL LI IN N 1928 World War II 19452021/8/11 星期三5(1)Choose the correct answer.1.If you open up any medi
5、cine cupboard in the world,there is a high probability _ you will find aspirin and penicillin.A.whichB.what C.thatD.when2021/8/11 星期三62.Was it in 1897 _ a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced acetylsalicylic acid(ASA)from some other chemicals to make a medicine for his father?A.whenB.w
6、hich C.thatD.in which2021/8/11 星期三73.Lawrence Craven,a doctor from the USA,is the author of several published reports,one of _ introduced the idea in 1953 _ aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood.A.which;thatB.that;which C.which;whichD.whom;that2021/8/11 星期三84.In 1977,a stu
7、dy carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke,_ is a type of serious illness _ blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked.A.that;whatB.which;when C.that;whichD.which;that2021/8/11 星期三95.In 1999,aspirin was 100 years old and yet there have been
8、 more discoveries on _ it can help increase the length of peoples lives.A.thatB.when C.whatD.how2021/8/11 星期三106.However,it was _ World War II _ two other scientists,Howard Florey and Ernst Chain,managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it.A.not until;thatB.till;that C.not until;whenD.till;w
9、hen2021/8/11 星期三117.Penicillin is also used to treat other illnesses including pneumonia,an illness _ affects the lungs.A.that B.which C./D.Both A&B.2021/8/11 星期三128.So,although Fleming discovered penicillin,it was over a decade _ someone else turned penicillin into the great drug of the 20th centur
10、y.A.whileB.that C.beforeD.after2021/8/11 星期三13 1.In fact,3,500 years ago,some recipes recommended drinking a tea _(make)from the _(dry)leaves of a particular plant _(reduce)body pain.madedriedto reduce(2)Fill in the blanks using the verbs given.2021/8/11 星期三142.A year later,in 1900,aspirin was sold
11、in shops as a tablet _(contain)500 milligrams of ASA.3.This is one of the first medicines in the world ever _(sell)as a _(standardize)tablet.4.In 1950,aspirin appeared in the Guinness Book of Records as the _(best-sell)painkiller.containingto be soldstandardizedbest-selling2021/8/11 星期三155.This bact
12、eria-killing medicine is considered by many _(be)one of the most important medicines in contemporary society.6.He saw that the cells of the bacteria were clear,_(mean)that they were dead and that the mould had killed them.to bemeaning2021/8/11 星期三167.Due to the widespread of penicillin,many lives we
13、re saved during World War II.It was a dream _(come)e2021/8/11 星期三17Difficult points2021/8/11 星期三18In the one-year trial,you must work hard and prove your ability.trial(n.)-try(v.):a test to see if something is effective or someone is suitable1.The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 whe
14、n the company Hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients.Lines13-152021/8/11 星期三191)Clinical trials should be done before a new drug can be put into use.2)The first trial flight has been a great success.3)They let me have the computer on trial for
15、 three months.4)It was by/through trial and error that I learnt most of what I know about gardening.2021/8/11 星期三202.one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood.Lines22-24 thin(adj.)-thin(v.)1)Add more water to the mixture to thin it
16、.2)War and disease are the two main causes of thinning population.2021/8/11 星期三21 slow narrow calm warm slow narrow calm warm dry dirty better lower dry dirty better lower1)The train _ down to half its speed.2)The river _ at the point.3)I couldnt _ her.4)Please _ the milk.5)Nothing _ sooner than a t
17、ear.6)Dont _ your hands,children.7)He _ his voice not to wake her.slowednarrowscalmwarmdriesdirtylowered2021/8/11 星期三22quiet thin idle empty yellowbusy better wrong greyPlease make sentences:2021/8/11 星期三233.and in 1977,a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could pre
18、vent a stroke.Lines26-271)Chinese astronauts _the mission in space explorationsuccessfully.2)Once a plan is made,it should _ no matter how difficult it is.have carried outbe carried out2021/8/11 星期三24carry out;carry away;carry on;carry through;carry off 1)They are _ urgent repairs.2)Marsha got so _
19、when arguing with her husband that she hit him.3)Jean _ all the prizes.4)Even after the music started they _ talking.5)His strong determination _ him _ his illness.carrying outcarried awaycarried offcarried on carried through2021/8/11 星期三254.that ASA could reduce the risk of colon cancer by 40 per c
20、ent.Lines29-301)Eating a lot of green food helps _.2)If you tell me the truth,you will _.3)By criticizing the boss he risked _ his job.(lose)reduce the risk of heart diseasereduce the risk of being scoldedlosing减少心脏病的危险减少心脏病的危险减少挨骂的风险减少挨骂的风险2021/8/11 星期三261)You have to take/run a lot of risks if you
21、 want to succeed in business.2)Anyone swimming in this lake does so at his own risk.3)The disease is spreading and all young children are at risk.冒险冒险有某人自担风险有某人自担风险处境危险处境危险Guess the meaning of each phrase.2021/8/11 星期三275.He noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria
22、 on it.Lines38-39 note:notice/write down1)Please note that this shop will be closed on Sundays.2)He keeps a diary to note what happens to him.2021/8/11 星期三281)We should also read the notes on the text at the back of the book.2)He took another look and found it was a 10-pound note.3)We always take no
23、tes in class.4)At first I was going to write Kathy a note,but then I decided to call her instead.5)Lily has a nice voice but she had trouble hitting the high notes.Guess the meaning of“note(n.)”.注释注释纸币纸币笔记笔记便条便条音符音符2021/8/11 星期三296.this application might help in treating wounds and illnesses caused
24、by bacteria.Lines 43-44 application(n.)-apply(v.)1)Genetic engineering has many2)applications in agriculture.2)Our university welcomes applications from overseas students.应用应用申请申请2021/8/11 星期三30Fill in the blanks.1)Scientific discoveries are often applied _ industrial processes.2)I want to apply _ t
25、he boss _ this task.toforto2021/8/11 星期三31 use;usage;applicationuse;usage;application1)The _ of new scientific discoveries to industrial processes often makes jobs easier to do.2)He has developed a number of _ software.3)She put her knowledge of German to good _.4)I want to write a book on modern En
26、glish _.applicationapplicationuseusage2021/8/11 星期三322)However,two other scientists did not manage to use new chemical techniques to purify it until World War II.1)However,not until World War II did two other scientists manage to use new chemical techniques to purify it.7.However,it was not until Wo
27、rld War II that two other scientists managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it.Lines46-482021/8/11 星期三331)直到她的孩子长大她才得以回去工作。直到她的孩子长大她才得以回去工作。She was not able to go back to work until her child grew up.Not until her child grew up was she able to go back to work.It was not until her child gre
28、w up that she was able to go back to work.2021/8/11 星期三342)直到直到20世纪世纪90年代我家乡的学校里才年代我家乡的学校里才开始普及电脑。开始普及电脑。It was not until the 1990s that computers began to be widely used in the schools in my hometown.Not until the 1990s did computers begin to be widely used in the schools in my hometown.Computers d
29、idnt begin to be widely used in the schools in my hometown until the 1990s.2021/8/11 星期三358.They were able to produce it in large quantities.Lines48-491)Buy vegetables _,and youll be given a very good discount.2)When young at college,dad bought books _,for life was too hard.in large quantitiesin sma
30、ll quantities大量大量少量少量2021/8/11 星期三36Large quantities of goods _ been stored for the winter.large/small quantities of+n.+pred.pl.a quantity of+/u/+pred.singhaveLarge quantities of food _ been stored for the winter.haveA large quantity of beer _ been sold.has2021/8/11 星期三379.so mass production started
31、 quickly.Lines49-501)The new policy raised a storm of mass protests.2)The sun makes up about 99%of the mass of solar system.3)The trains provided cheap travel for the masses.4)Stored in the computer is a huge mass of data.mass adj.mass n.大量大量质量质量群众群众许多许多2021/8/11 星期三3810.Due to the widespread use of
32、 penicillin,many lives were saved during World War II.Lines 50-511)The flight will arrive late due to the heave fog.2)When is the next train due?3)Please let me know when the rent is due in advance.4)The strike is due to begin on Tuesday.2021/8/11 星期三3911.It was a dream come true.Line 511)Young peop
33、le look up to Yang Liwei as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.2)John always lives in a dream.3)Meeting the princess was(like)a dream come true.a dream come true:一个实现的梦想一个实现的梦想2021/8/11 星期三4012.it was over a decade before someone else turned penicillin into the great drug of the 20th
34、century.Lines 54-561)It was several hours before we reached the village.2)It will be a long time before we meet again.3)It wont be long before you succeed.It is+a period of time+before-clause2021/8/11 星期三41trial;thin;note;application;mass due to;carry out;reduce the risk ofin large quantities;a dream come truenot until;it isbeforeGroup discussion 2021/8/11 星期三42Presentation trial;thin;note;application;mass due to;carry out;reduce the risk ofin large quantities;a dream come truenot until;it isbefore2021/8/11 星期三43Homework WorkbookA1&A2 on p110 B1&B2 on p 1112021/8/11 星期三442021/8/11 星期三45