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1、Grammar and usage Unit 22021/8/11 星期三1情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有词义，但是不完情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有词义，但是不完整，不能单独做谓语，必须和不带整，不能单独做谓语，必须和不带to的动词不定式的动词不定式连用。连用。abilitycertaintypermissionobligation make requests make suggestions make offers give advice 能力能力义务义务,责任责任确定确定允许允许 提出提出请求请求 提出提出建议建议提供提供帮忙帮忙提出提出忠告忠告Modal verbs:general i
2、ntroduction2021/8/11 星期三2(1)He can run the 100m sprint in 11 seconds.(2)Can this little girl read before she goes to the primary school?abilitycan表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如：如：Accidents can happenAnybody can make mistakescan/be able to2021/8/11 星
3、期三3can/be able toability在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事做成某事，我们要用，我们要用waswere able to而不而不能用能用could。如：。如：It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final testIm sorry I havent been able to play tennis with you recently.2
4、021/8/11 星期三4obligationought to/shouldought to与与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法谈的是自己的主观看法,用于用于各种人称。各种人称。ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如：法律、义务和规定时使用。如：We shouldought to help each other and learn from each other in our workYou shouldnt spend so much time
5、playing.She is your mother,so you ought to support her Ought he to go?Yes,I think he ought(to).2021/8/11 星期三5have to/mustobligation must与与have to都可以表示都可以表示“必须必须”的意思，但的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。要注意以下两点区别。1)must只有现在时，而只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：将来时。如：We must work hard,or well fail in the examination Tw
6、o years ago,the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money 2021/8/11 星期三62)must表示主观看法，表示主观看法，have to则侧重于客观则侧重于客观需要。如：需要。如：We must be strict with ourselves in everything In cities with many cars,some people have to wear masks obligationhave to/must2021/8/11 星期三7She might win a medal at the Olymp
7、ics.She may be at home now.She could read and write at the age of 4.She should come to join us.She ought to/will/must help me whenever I am in trouble.certaintymight/may/could/should/ought to/will/must very uncertaintyalmost certainty2021/8/11 星期三8can/could/may/might could比比can 更委婉，更委婉，might比比may 更委
8、婉更委婉-Can I watch the Olympics?-Yes,you can.No,you cant.-May I watch TV after finishing my homework?-Yes,you may./No,you mustnt./No,you may not./No,youd better not.permissioninformal/spokenformal/written2021/8/11 星期三9-Will/Can/Could/Would you help me with my training?-Yes,I will/can/can/will.will/can
9、/could/wouldmake requestsinformal formal 2021/8/11 星期三10make suggestionsshall常用于第一，三人称，表示征求对方意见。常用于第一，三人称，表示征求对方意见。-Shall we/I/he/she/they do some exercise this morning?-Yes.-Shall he come in?-Ok.2021/8/11 星期三11make offersIll wash your sports jacket.Shall I get a ticket for you?Shall we carry the bo
10、oks for you?Shall I clean the blackboard for you?give adviceYou should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming.The students should spend all their time working at their lessons.2021/8/11 星期三12和其他时态的连用和其他时态的连用The boys may be playing football on the playground.The boys may have finished their homew
11、ork by the time school is over.He plays basketball very well.He must have practiced it a lot.Our headmaster must have been to USA,for he knows the country so much.2021/8/11 星期三13must have done 的反意疑问句的反意疑问句You must have seen the film,havent you?You must have seen the film last week,didnt you?His pare
12、nts must have beaten him,havent they?His parents must have beaten him yesterday,didnt they?2021/8/11 星期三14shall可以用来征求对方意见。用于第一、三人称。可以用来征求对方意见。用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：如：Shall she go to the concert with us this evening？(征求意见征求意见)Yo
13、u shall go to the front at once(命令命令)Dont worryYou shall get the answer this very afternoon（允诺）（允诺）He shall be sorry one dayI tell you(警告警告)Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution(决心决心)shall/will2021/8/11 星期三15will在肯定句中表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条在肯定句中表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。在疑问句中用于第二、三人称表件状语从句的。在疑问句
14、中用于第二、三人称表示意愿。如：示意愿。如：Will you go hiking with me in the mountain?Will he pay for me?If you will listen to me,Ill give you some advice on how to learn English If you will come this way,the manager will meet you shall/will2021/8/11 星期三16mustnt/needntmustnt 解释为解释为“不准，不许不准，不许”，语气强烈；，语气强烈；neednt“不需要，没必要不
15、需要，没必要”，语气缓和。，语气缓和。You mustnt miss this football match.Its very important.You neednt watch the game if you dont want to.-Must we clean the classroom?-Yes,you must./No,you neednt.2021/8/11 星期三17need/dare作为情态动词时，两个词常用于作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否疑问句和否定句定句。-Need I help you?-Yes,please.You neednt telephone him n
16、ow.How dare you talk to the teacher like that?The girl dare not go out alone at night.2021/8/11 星期三18用作实义动词时，可用于用作实义动词时，可用于各种各种句式句式We need to tell him the news.You dont need to tell him the news.Do the flowers need watering?I didnt dare to tell you the truth.Would you dare to catch the snake with yo
17、ur hand?The boy dares to do anything he likes.need/dare2021/8/11 星期三19Have a try!Have a try!2021/8/11 星期三201.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.A.should B.can C.must D.willB2.How _ you say that you really understand the whole story i
18、f you have covered only part of the article?A.can B.must C.need D.mayA2021/8/11 星期三213.-The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.DoB4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who _ have taken it?A.should B.must C.could D.wouldC2021/8/11 星期三225.-I hear youve got a s
19、et of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look?-Yes,certainly.A.Do B.May C.Shall D.ShouldB6.I was really anxious about you.You _ home without a word.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have left D.neednt leaveB2021/8/11 星期三237.-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.I _ go to the conce
20、rt instead.A.must B.would C.should D.mightD8.Sorry,Im late.I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.willA2021/8/11 星期三249.-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.-They _ be ready by by 12:00.A.can B.should C.might D.needB10.The
21、fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A.had to B.would C.was able to D.couldC2021/8/11 星期三2511.When he was there,he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday.A.would B.should C.had better D.mightA12.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A.dare to say B.dare saying C.not dare say D.dared sayD2021/8/11 星期三262021/8/11 星期三27