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1、Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars Reading（）2021/8/11 星期三1考点考点about宾宾1.Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth.What do you know?每每种种宗宗教教和和文文化化都都有有它它自自己己关关于于地地球球上上生生命命起起源源的的看看法法。你了解些什么呢？你了解些什么呢？how life began on earth 作介词作介词_的的_语，语，宾语从句可作介词的宾语。宾语从句可作介词的宾语。2021
2、/8/11 星期三2考点考点原因原因2.No one knows exactly how the earth began,as it happened so long ago.没有人准确地知道地球的起源，因为那发生在很久以前没有人准确地知道地球的起源，因为那发生在很久以前 本句为复合句本句为复合句,as引导的从句表示引导的从句表示 _。(1)since表示听者或读者已知的原因表示听者或读者已知的原因,即表达已知信息。即表达已知信息。2021/8/11 星期三3(2)because表表示示听听者者未未知知的的原原因因，可可回回答答why的的提提 问问，也也可可用用在在强强调调句句型型中中成成为为
3、被被强强调调成成分分，而而其其他他几几个个词词则则无无此用法。此用法。(3)as与与since接近，但原因程度比接近，但原因程度比since更强烈。更强烈。(4)for并并不不表表示示直直接接原原因因,只只是是为为主主句句所所说说的的话话提提供供推推断断的理由，引导的分句不能放在句首。的理由，引导的分句不能放在句首。2021/8/11 星期三43.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.它它(地
4、地球球)将将成成为为什什么么样样子子一一直直是是个个谜谜，直直到到4538亿亿年年以前以前,这些尘埃凝聚成一个固体球体。这些尘埃凝聚成一个固体球体。2021/8/11 星期三5考点考点 be to do sth.(1)表表示示“应应当当/必必须须做做某某事事”，通通常常用用于于通通知知和和说说明明书里。书里。(2)表表示示“按按计计划划或或安安排排将将要要做做某某事事”，其其完完成成式式则则表示表示“本来打算做某事本来打算做某事”。(3)表示表示“将来不可避免要发生的事将来不可避免要发生的事”。2021/8/11 星期三6 4.What it was to become was uncerta
5、in until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.1.What it was to become 变成变成是是 1）_(使使大大家家吃吃惊惊的的）is that he didnt come to the meeting.2）_（他所做的）（他所做的）added to our difficulty.What surprised everybody What he did 2021/8/11 星期三75.solid n.固体固体 solid,liquid,gas adj.固
6、体的；实心的固体的；实心的,无空隙的；结实的，坚固的无空隙的；结实的，坚固的 solid fuels solid food a solid sphere solid furniture a man of solid build1)Matter has three states:solid,liquid and gas.2)When water freezes,it becomes solid and we call it ice.2021/8/11 星期三86.They were in time to produce carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and other
7、 gases.in time(for sth/to do sth):not late 及时；不迟及时；不迟She will be back in time to prepare dinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。她来得及回来准备晚饭。in time:sooner or later;eventually 迟早；最后；终于迟早；最后；终于Ill see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。总有一天我会遇见他。(1)in time2021/8/11 星期三9in/out of time:in/not in the correct time 合合/不合节拍不合节拍The audience c
8、lapped in time to the music.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。(2)explode 1).（使某物）炸开，爆炸使某物）炸开，爆炸 2).（指感情）迸发（指感情）迸发 3).（指人口）突然或迅速增加（指人口）突然或迅速增加 explode with/in/into.2021/8/11 星期三10The firework exploded in his hand and he was hurt seriously.The children exploded into laughter.The teacher exploded with anger.Now
9、it is not easy to find jobs with the exploding world population.explosion n.爆炸（声）爆炸（声）explosive adj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的爆炸性的，易爆炸的 2021/8/11 星期三11 cool 1)v.使冷却，使凉爽使冷却，使凉爽Please open the window to cool the room.Dont drink the tea before it cools a little.2)adj.凉爽的凉爽的;冷静的，沉着的冷静的，沉着的;冷漠的，冷淡的冷漠的，冷淡的 be/get/seem/kee
10、p coolHis songs received a cool response from the public.7.As the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface.随着地球的冷却随着地球的冷却,地球的表面开始出现了水。地球的表面开始出现了水。2021/8/11 星期三123）cool downa.凉快起来，冷却凉快起来，冷却b.指人的心境指人的心境“平静下来，使平静下来，使平静下来平静下来”A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down
11、first.I tried to cool her down but she was still very angry when she left.Dont cover the TV until it cools down.2021/8/11 星期三138.These animals were different from all life forms in the pasr,2）他们的品位和我不同。）他们的品位和我不同。Their tastes are different from mine.be very/much/quite/entirely/totally different from
12、与与不同不同 City life is quite different from country life.1）城市生活和农村生活很不同。）城市生活和农村生活很不同。2021/8/11 星期三14there are differences betweenand 与与之间有不同之处之间有不同之处tellfrom 把把与与区分开来区分开来the same as 与与一样一样be similar to 与与相似相似【拓展】【拓展】2021/8/11 星期三15 be harmful to 对对有害有害 do harm to sb.=do sb.harm 伤害某人，对某人有害处伤害某人，对某人有害处
13、1)Pollution is especially harmful to animals.2)Smoking will do you a lot of harm.It does no harm(for sb.)to doThere is no harm in(sb.s)doing sth.9.9.2021/8/11 星期三1610.It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gasesallow vt.允许、许可、容许允许、许可、容许allow+n./pron./doing allow sb.to dobe allowed to doMy father d
14、oesnt allow smoking at home.In fact he doesnt allow us to smoke anywhere at any time.Are we allowed to use the computer?2021/8/11 星期三17it作形式宾语，其真正的宾语可以是不定式，动名词和从句。作形式宾语，其真正的宾语可以是不定式，动名词和从句。1）The foreign minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”A.This is B.There is C.That
15、 is D.It is D11.That made it possible for life to begin to develop.2021/8/11 星期三182）I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this B.that C.it D.one 3）Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?A.this B.that C.what D.it CD2021/8/11 星期三194）Why?I have noth
16、ing to confess._ you want me to say?A.What is it that B.What it is that C.How is it that D.How it is that5）Was it at the school _ was named after a hero _ he spent his childhood?A.which;that B.where;where C.that;where D.which;whereAA2021/8/11 星期三2012.Many millions of years later，late adj.迟到的，晚的；前任的；
17、以前的；已故的迟到的，晚的；前任的；以前的；已故的 later adv.后来，较晚时后来，较晚时,过后过后 adj.late的比较级的比较级(更迟更迟的的,更后的更后的)latest adj.最新的最新的 lately adv.=recently 近来地近来地 2021/8/11 星期三21Mr.Zhu Rongji is the late Prime Minister of China.She said she would ring you later this morning.Its only lately that she has been well enough to go out.H
18、e is often late for school.Have you heard about the latest news?2021/8/11 星期三2213.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen,multiply(数目上数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖 1)Our problems have multiplied since last year.2)2 and 5 multiply to make 10.4)The plants here multiply rapidly.3)6
19、multiplied by 5 is 30.=Multiply 6 by 5 to make 30.2021/8/11 星期三2314.This encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.encourage 鼓舞；促进；怂恿。后接名词、代词，也可接鼓舞；促进；怂恿。后接名词、代词，也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：不定式作宾语补足语。如：High prices for corn and wheat will encourage farming.玉米和小麦的高价将促进农业的发展。玉米和小麦的高价
20、将促进农业的发展。My success encouraged me to continue.我的成功鼓励我继续干下去。我的成功鼓励我继续干下去。He encouraged me to learn dancing.他鼓励我去学跳舞。他鼓励我去学跳舞。2021/8/11 星期三2415.spread的用法的用法1）vi.（消息等）传开，流传。如：（消息等）传开，流传。如：The news spread through the school very quickly.The fire spread from the factory to the house nearby.2）vt.“使伸展，延伸，张
21、开使伸展，延伸，张开”，常与，常与out连用。连用。He spread out his arms to welcome us.I spread a new cloth on the table.我在餐桌上铺了一条新桌布。我在餐桌上铺了一条新桌布。他张开手臂欢迎我们。他张开手臂欢迎我们。2021/8/11 星期三25阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事:prevent sb.(from)doing sth.stop sb.(from)doing sth.keep sb.from doing sth.16.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the
22、atmosphere,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.2021/8/11 星期三261)We must prevent them from making trouble.2)You should prevent the child from injuring himself.If nothing prevents 如果没有什么阻碍的话如果没有什么阻碍的话 2021/8/11 星期三2717.escape1)v.escape Sth.doing sth.escape punishment=escape bei
23、ng punishedescape from sth./some place2)n.逃跑，逃亡逃跑，逃亡 Escape from the prison is difficult.逃避，逃脱，避免逃避，逃脱，避免2021/8/11 星期三2818.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.for millions of years to come中不定式中不定式to come作定语，作定语，与与前面的
24、名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系：前面的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系：She is the last person to do such a thing.她是最不像会做这种事的人。她是最不像会做这种事的人。2021/8/11 星期三2919.depend on/upon 1)信赖，依靠信赖，依靠 depend on/uponSb./sth./v.-ingSb./sth.forSb.to do sth.You mustnt depend on others to help you.All living things depend on the sun for their growth.2021/8/11
25、 星期三30 2)视视而定，取决于而定，取决于 The price depends on the quality.Your success depends on whether you work hard or not.That depends on how you did it.2021/8/11 星期三313）depend on it 没问题，请放心（句末或句首）没问题，请放心（句末或句首）That/It(all)depends.那得看情况而定那得看情况而定 1)Depend on it,youll succeed.2)He may support me,but it depends.20
26、21/8/11 星期三32动词动词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词意义意义lielaylainlying躺，位于躺，位于lieliedliedlying撒谎撒谎laylaid laidlaying搁，放，搁，放，下蛋下蛋20.lay2021/8/11 星期三33The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had_ two eggs the day before.A.laid;laid;laid B.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lain D.lied;lay;laidD【即学即练】【即学即
27、练】2021/8/11 星期三34B【达标训练】【达标训练】1.That hotel is always full because it offers a friendly _ and personal service.A.surface B.atmosphereC.system D.appearance解解析析 考考查查名名词词词词义义辨辨析析。句句意意:这这家家旅旅馆馆总总是是住住满满客客人人,因因为为它它提提供供一一种种友友好好的的氛氛围围和和个个性性化化的的服服务务。surface表表面面,水水面面;atmosphere气气氛氛,大大气气;system系系统统,体体系系;appeara
28、nce外表外表;出现出现,露面。露面。2021/8/11 星期三35C2.At first,we didnt know about Jim.But _,we came to know that he was an honest boy.A.suddenly B.luckilyC.gradually D.generally解解析析 考考查查句句义义理理解解及及副副词词辨辨析析。句句意意:起起初初我我们们不不了了解解吉吉姆姆，但但逐逐渐渐地地,我我们们开开始始知知道道他他是是一一个个诚诚实实的的孩孩子子。gradually逐渐地，慢慢地。故选逐渐地，慢慢地。故选C项。项。2021/8/11 星期三
29、36C3.Many Europeans _ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.A.exploded B.exposedC.explored D.expanded解析解析 考查考查4个形近词的词义辨析。句意：许多个形近词的词义辨析。句意：许多 欧洲人在欧洲人在19世纪对非洲大陆进行了探索。世纪对非洲大陆进行了探索。explode 爆炸；爆炸；expose暴暴露露,显示显示,揭露；揭露；explore探索，探索，探究，勘探；探究，勘探；expand扩扩大大,展开展开,膨胀。故选膨胀。故选C项。项。2021/8/11 星期三37B4.In suc
30、h dry weather，the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A.have survived B.are to surviveC.would survive D.will survive解解析析 考考查查时时态态。主主句句是是一一般般将将来来时时,if条条件件状状语语从从句句不不能能用用将将来来时时，排排除除C、D两两项项。A项项显显然然不不合合句句意意。B项项“be to do”形形式式表表示示将将来来。另另外外“be to do”结结构构还还可可表表示示职职责责、义务、约定、命令、义务、约定、命令、可能性等。由题意知选可能性等。由题
31、意知选B项。项。2021/8/11 星期三38D5._ well have our sports meeting this week _ the weather.A.If;depend on B.Whether;depend onC.If;depends on D.Whether;depends on解解析析 考考查查主主语语从从句句及及主主谓谓一一致致。if一一般般不不引引导导主主语语从从句句,特特别别是是不不放放在在句句首首。主主语语从从句句、动动词词不不定定式式及及动动名名词词作作主主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选语时，谓语动词用单数。故选 D项。项。2021/8/11 星期三39B6.Th
32、e harm the modern farming methods have done _ the countryside is considerable.A.on B.to C.at D.for解解析析 do harm to sb./sth.为为固固定定短短语语,意意为为 “对对有有害害”，且且“the modern farming.countryside”为为定定语语从从句句修修饰饰harm。故选。故选B项。项。2021/8/11 星期三40D7.All possible means _.However，nothing can _ him dying of lung cancer.A.ha
33、s tried;stop B.have tried;keepC.has been tried;prevent D.have been tried;stop 解解析析 前前一一句句的的主主语语是是all possible means，means用用all修修饰饰，看看作作是是复复数数，后后面面的的谓谓语语动动词词要要用用复复数数形形式式并并且且用用被被动动语语态态；后后一一句句是是“阻阻止止某某人人做做某某事事”，him后后省省略略了了from。故选。故选D项。项。2021/8/11 星期三41A8.You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill,as it is so important.A.cant B.should C.must D.neednt 解解析析 考考查查情情态态动动词词的的用用法法及及句句式式结结构构。句句意意为为:你你怎怎么么重重 视视 你你 的的 阅阅 读读 技技 能能 都都 不不 过过 分分，因因 为为 它它 太太 重重 要要 了了。cant.too.再再也也不不过过分分，越越越越好好，双双重重否否定定构构成成肯定。故选肯定。故选A项。项。2021/8/11 星期三42It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。2021/8/11 星期三432021/8/11 星期三44