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1、(十十)名词性从句名词性从句 一、主语从句一、主语从句 主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，引导主语从句的词有主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，引导主语从句的词有 that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how等。等。That she was chosen made us very happy.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.【注】有时为了使
2、句子结构平衡，避免【注】有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻头重脚轻”，常用，常用it作作 形式主语，而把从句放在后面。形式主语，而把从句放在后面。It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.2021/8/11 星期三1二、表语从句二、表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，引导表语从句的词有表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，引导表语从句的词有 that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how，because等。
3、等。The reason is that you dont trust her.This is where I disagree.这一点是我所不同意的。这一点是我所不同意的。三、宾语从句三、宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的词有宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的词有 that，whether，if，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how等。宾语从等。宾语从 句一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。句一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。She explained that she was lat
4、e because of the heavy traffic.2021/8/11 星期三2【注】【注】有时要用有时要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.如如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑问词后接特殊疑问词 引导的宾语从句，疑问词要放在句首。引导的宾语从句，疑问词要放在句首。What do you think is going on outside?I/We(dont)think/belie
5、ve/suppose/expect/imagine后接宾语从后接宾语从 句时，反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。句时，反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。I dont suppose he cares，does he?在宾语从句中，引导词在宾语从句中，引导词whether和和if基本一样，但介词后的宾语基本一样，但介词后的宾语 从句多用从句多用whether。It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.2021/8/11 星期三3 动词动词doubt如用于肯定句，其后的宾语从句常用如用于肯定句，其后的宾语从句常
6、用if/whether 引导，如用于否定句或疑问句，则宾语从句用引导，如用于否定句或疑问句，则宾语从句用that引导。引导。I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match.I dont doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.四、同位语从句四、同位语从句 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从 句一般用句一般用that，whether，who，which，what，where，when，why，how等词引导，常放在等词
7、引导，常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information等名词后面，用以说明等名词后面，用以说明 该名词的具体内容。该名词的具体内容。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.2021/8/11 星期三4五、名词性从句的难点五、名词性从句的难点1.引导词引导词that与与what的区别的区别 what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主主 语、宾语、表语等语、宾语、表语等)，这时，这时wh
8、at相当于相当于all that/everything that 等，常译成等，常译成“所所的的(东西、事情、话等东西、事情、话等)”；而；而that只起连接只起连接作作 用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，但用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，但that 引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。What we cant get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.2021/8/11 星
9、期三52.引导词引导词if和和whether的区别的区别 if和和whether引导动词后面的宾语从句时一般可通用，但介词后引导动词后面的宾语从句时一般可通用，但介词后 的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句不能用的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句不能用if引导。引导。I dont care if/whether he will come to my party.Whether she will go home or not is unknown.The question is whether we can collect enough money.3.引导词引导词who与与who
10、ever的区别的区别 whoever引导名词性从句时，相当于引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who或或those who，它，它 既是从句的主语，又是主句的主语。而既是从句的主语，又是主句的主语。而who只作从句的主语，它只作从句的主语，它 引导的从句才是主句的主语。引导的从句才是主句的主语。Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who will be elected president doesnt make much difference to me.2021/8/11 星期三64.引导词引导词w
11、hat与与whatever的区别的区别 whatever引导名词性从句时，与引导名词性从句时，与what差不多，只是语气上更强差不多，只是语气上更强 些，有些，有“任何一切任何一切”之意。之意。It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.This is exactly what I want.5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别 同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完 整的句子，所以其前的名词在同位语
12、从句中不作任何成分；定整的句子，所以其前的名词在同位语从句中不作任何成分；定 语从句对其前的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因语从句对其前的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因 此其前的名词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。此其前的名词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.2021/8/11 星期三76.whoever与与
13、no matter who；whatever与与no matter what whoever和和whatever既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语 从句；从句；no matter who和和no matter what只引导让步状语从句。只引导让步状语从句。Whatever(No matter what)you may think，Im going ahead with my plans.Take whatever you need and leave me alone.7.名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序 名词性从句一律用陈述语序。名词性从句一律用陈
14、述语序。No one will be sure what man will look like in a million years.没人知道百万年后人会是什么样子。没人知道百万年后人会是什么样子。2021/8/11 星期三88.名词性从句中的语气名词性从句中的语气 (1)在在It is necessary/natural/important/strange.that从句中，从句中，从句中的谓语动词用从句中的谓语动词用“should原形动词原形动词”表虚拟语气，且表虚拟语气，且should 可省略。可省略。It is necessary that the problem should be s
15、ettled at once.(2)表示表示“建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求”意义的动词，后接意义的动词，后接that从句时，从从句时，从句句 中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should原形动词原形动词”，且，且should 可省略。可省略。Bobs doctor suggests that he(should)rest for a few days.(3)表示表示“建议、要求、命令、想法建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接意义的名词，后接that从句从句 时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气：时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气：“should动词原形动词原形”，s
16、hould可以省略。这类名词有：可以省略。这类名词有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand,determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。等。2021/8/11 星期三9 This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.同样，如主语是表示同样，如主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、想法建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，意义的名词，那么那么that引导的表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。引导的
17、表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。Her suggestion was that they(should)carry on their conversation in French.过关落实过关落实1.matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 解析：解析：whatwhat引导的句子作主语，在从句中引导的句子作主语，在从句中whatwhat作主语。作主语。答案：答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三102.Choosing the right dictionary depends on
18、_ you want to use it for.A.what B.why C.how D.whether 解析：解析：whatwhat引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。答案：答案：A3.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is.A.what B.which C.how D.where 解析：解析：whatwhat引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语。引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语。答案：答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三114
19、.You can only be sure of _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.A.that；what B.what；/C.which；that D./；that 解析：解析：whatwhat引导宾语从句；引导宾语从句；thatthat引导定语从句，在从句中作宾引导定语从句，在从句中作宾 语，可省略。语，可省略。答案：答案：B5.Why not try your luck downtown，Bob?Thats _ the best jobs are.A.wh
20、ere B.what C.when D.why 解析：解析：由由“downtown”“downtown”可知，应该使用表地点的引导词可知，应该使用表地点的引导词“where”“where”。答案：答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三126.Having checked the doors were closed，and _ all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A.why B.that C.when D.where 解析：解析：andand连接两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的引导词连接两个宾语从句，第二个宾语
21、从句的引导词thatthat不不 能省略。能省略。答案：答案：B7.The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that 解析：解析：thatthat引导表语从句，不做任何句子成分，但一般不能省引导表语从句，不做任何句子成分，但一般不能省 略。略。答案：答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三138.Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the sto
22、ry，believe it or not，_ we got lost on a rainy night.A.which B.that C.what D.when 解析：解析：此处此处thatthat引导的句子作引导的句子作the storythe story的同位语从句。的同位语从句。答案：答案：B9._ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 解析：解析：whicheverwhich
23、ever引导的句子在句中作主语，不能用引导的句子在句中作主语，不能用no matter no matter which which代替，因为后者只能引导让步状语从句。代替，因为后者只能引导让步状语从句。答案：答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三1410.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A.why B.that C.where D.because 解析：解析：此处此处thatthat引导的句子作引导的句子作his reason
24、his reason 的同位语。的同位语。答案：答案：B11._ different life is today from _ it used to be ten years ago!A.How；what B.What；what C.How；that D.What；that 解析：解析：howhow与形容词与形容词different different 构成感叹句；构成感叹句；what it used to what it used to be.be.作介词作介词fromfrom的宾语。的宾语。答案：答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三1512.Do you think it a must f
25、or me to try to do everything for my children?No，thats _ you are mistaken；they should do something on their own.A.where B.when C.so D.how 解析：解析：“那就是你错的地方那就是你错的地方”，where where 引导表语从句。引导表语从句。答案：答案：A13.I was shocked by the news，which made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A.how B.which C.wha
26、t D.that 解析：解析：what terrible problems we would facewhat terrible problems we would face作作realizerealize的宾的宾 语从句，语从句，whatwhat在从句中作在从句中作faceface的宾语。的宾语。答案：答案：C 2021/8/11 星期三1614.I was close to being killed the other day.A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A.as B.which C.what D.that 解析
27、：解析：what I thought was a dangerous speedwhat I thought was a dangerous speed作作atat的宾语，的宾语，I I thought thought是插入语，是插入语，whatwhat在句中作主语。在句中作主语。答案：答案：C15.I am lucky _ the thing I enjoy doing more is _ Ive ended up doing.A.what；what B.that；what C.what；that D.that；that 解析：解析：thatthat在状语从句中只起连接作用，不能作成分；在状语从句中只起连接作用，不能作成分；whatwhat在在 从句中作从句中作end up doingend up doing的宾语。此句要注意分析句子成分，明的宾语。此句要注意分析句子成分，明 确确thatthat在名词性从句和定语从句中所起的作用是不同的。在名词性从句和定语从句中所起的作用是不同的。答案：答案：B 2021/8/11 星期三172021/8/11 星期三18