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1、EllipsisUnit10 grammar2021/8/11 星期三1简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1 1、省略主语、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(1)(1)(I)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.Thankyouforyourhelp.(2)(2)(I)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.Seeyoutomorrow.(3)(3)(It)(It)Doesntmatter.Doesntmatter.(4)(4)(I)(I)Begyourpardon.Begyourpardon.2021/8
2、/11 星期三2简单句中的省略简单句中的省略2 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1)(1)(Thereis)(Thereis)Nosmoking.Nosmoking.(2)(2)(Isthere)(Isthere)Anythingwrong?Anythingwrong?(3)(3)(Willyou)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?Haveasmoke?(4)What/How(4)What/How(doyouthink)(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?aboutacupoftea?(5)Why(5)Why(doyou)(doyou)nots
3、ayhellotohim?notsayhellotohim?2021/8/11 星期三3简单句中的省略简单句中的省略3 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留toto，但如果，但如果该宾语是动词该宾语是动词bebe或完成时态，则须在之后加上或完成时态，则须在之后加上bebe或或have:have:(1)Are you going there?-Yes,Id like to(1)Are you going there?-Yes,Id like to(go there).(go there).(2)He didnt give me the chance,though h
4、e had promised to(2)He didnt give me the chance,though he had promised to(give me the chance).(give me the chance).(3)Are you an engineer?-No,but I want(3)Are you an engineer?-No,but I want to be.to be.(4)He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well,he ought(4)He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well,he ought t
5、o haveto have.2021/8/11 星期三4简单句中的省略简单句中的省略4 4、省略表语、省略表语 (1)Areyouthirsty?-Yes,Iam(1)Areyouthirsty?-Yes,Iam(thirsty).(thirsty).(2)Hisbrotherisntlazy,norishissister(2)Hisbrotherisntlazy,norishissister(lazy).(lazy).5 5、同时省略几个成分、同时省略几个成分 (1)Lets meet at the same place as(1)Lets meet at the same place as
6、(we met)(we met)yesterday.yesterday.(2)-Have you finished your work?(2)-Have you finished your work?-(I have)(I have)Not Not(finished my work)(finished my work)yet.yet.2021/8/11 星期三5主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略1 1、主句中有一些成分被省略、主句中有一些成分被省略(1)(1)(Im)(Im)Sorrytohearyouareill.Sorrytohearyouareill.(2)(2)(Itsa)(Itsa
7、)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.2 2、主句中有一些成分被省略、主句中有一些成分被省略(1)Ishecomingbacktonight?-Ithink(1)Ishecomingbacktonight?-Ithinksoso.(2)Shemustbebusynow?-If(2)Shemustbebusynow?-Ifsoso,shecantgowithus.,shecantgowithus.(3)Isshefeelingbettertoday?-Imafraid(3)Isshefeelingbett
8、ertoday?-Imafraidnotnot.(4)Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?-Iguess(4)Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?-Iguessnotnot.这这种用法常种用法常见见的有：的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.HesaidHowso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.so.及及Isuppose/believe/hopenot.Isuppose/believe/hopenot.2021/8/11 星期三6并列句中的省略并列句中的省略 两个并列句中，后
9、一个分句常省略与前一分句中两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。相同的部分。(1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)(is)anurse.anurse.(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)(studies)athighathighschool.school.(3)Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglonger(3)Whensummercomes,thedayisg
10、ettinglongerandlonger,andthenightandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)(isgetting)shorterandshorterandshorter.shorter.2021/8/11 星期三7其他省略其他省略1 1、连词的、连词的thatthat省略省略(1)(1)宾语宾语从句中常省略从句中常省略连词连词thatthat，但也有不能省略的情况。，但也有不能省略的情况。(2)(2)(2)(2)在定在定语语从句中从句中，thatthat在从句中作在从句中作宾语时宾语时可省略可省略.另外，凡是另外，凡是进进行行时态时态和被和被动语态动语态的
11、定的定语语从句都可省略关系代从句都可省略关系代词词和和bebe动动词词。2 2、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去一致时，可省去“主语主语+be”+be”部分部分(1)(1)WhenWhen(hewas)(hewas)stillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.stillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.(2)(2)ShetriedherbestthoughShetriedherbestthough(shewas)(shewas)ratherpoorinhealth.rat
12、herpoorinhealth.(3)(3)IfIf(youare)(youare)askedyoumaycomein.askedyoumaycomein.(4)(4)IfIf(itis)(itis)necessaryIllexplaintoyouagain.necessaryIllexplaintoyouagain.2021/8/11 星期三8状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略 状语从句的省略原则主要是：状语从句的省略原则主要是：如果从句中的如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，就可以经过一定主语和主句中的主语一致，就可以经过一定的变动把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分的变动把状语从句中的主语和谓
13、语的一部分或全部省略或全部省略，从而使语言更加简洁、明了。，从而使语言更加简洁、明了。现就把各种状语从句的省略现就把各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下：现象列举如下：When(she was)very young,she began to learn to play the piano.她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。一、时间状语从句中的省略一、时间状语从句中的省略 2021/8/11 星期三9When arriving,send me a telegram.(When you arrive,send me a telegram.)到达之后，来个电报Dont come in until(you are
14、)asked to.不叫你请你不要进来While(I was)at college,I began to know him,a strange but able student.我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生2021/8/11 星期三10二、地点状语从句中的省略二、地点状语从句中的省略 地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：where(ver)possible,where(ver)necessary,Lay these books where possible you can find them easily.把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。三、条件状语从句中的省略三、条件状语从
15、句中的省略 常用的句型是：if necessary,if possible,if true,if anyone等。如：注注:as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说:As walking,she found a nice shining thing on the ground.2021/8/11 星期三11If(it is)necessary,ring me at home.如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。Come along with me if(it is)possible.如果有可能和我一起去吧.。If(it is)true,this w
16、ill cause us a lot of trouble.如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。2021/8/11 星期三12四、让步状语从句中的省略四、让步状语从句中的省略He is a good man,though sometimes(he is)rather dull.他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。Even if(I am)invited to,I wont go to such a bad lecture.即使邀我去,我都不想听如此坏的报告五、比较状语从句中的省略五、比较状语从句中的省略 She can play the piano just as wonderfully as y
17、ou(do).她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。She has finished the work earlier than(it has been)expected.她这项工作比预料的提前完成2021/8/11 星期三13as if/as though后还可加n./a./ad./介词短语现在分词过去分词不定式。He acts as if(he were)a fool.他的行为举止好象是个傻子。He opened the desk,as if(he was)in search of something important.他打抽屉仿佛要找一件什么重要的东西。六、方式状语从句中的省略六、方式状语从句中的
18、省略 2021/8/11 星期三14The football player is rolling on the ground as if(he is)hurt badly in the leg.足球运动员在操场上打着滚似乎他的腿伤得厉害。He moved his lips as if(he wanted)to speak.他的嘴动着仿佛要说什么。2021/8/11 星期三15其他省略其他省略3 3、不定式符号、不定式符号toto的省略的省略(1)(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的toto.(2)(2)ItoldhimtositdownItoldhimtositdownand
19、andwaitforwaitforamoment.amoment.(3)(3)(2)help(2)help当当“帮助帮助”讲时讲时，后面的，后面的宾语宾语或或宾补宾补的的不定式符号不定式符号toto可可带带可不可不带带.(4)(4)IwillhelpIwillhelp(to)(to)doitforyou.doitforyou.(5)(5)IwillhelpyouIwillhelpyou(to)(to)doit.doit.(6)(6)（3 3）介）介词词butbut前若有前若有动词动词do,do,后面的不定式不后面的不定式不带带 to.to.(7)(7)TheboydidnothingThebo
20、ydidnothingbutplaybutplay.2021/8/11 星期三16其他省略其他省略(4)(4)某些某些使役使役动词动词（let,make,havelet,make,have）及感官）及感官动词动词（see,watch,see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listentohear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等等）后面作）后面作宾宾语补语补足足语语的不定式一定要省去的不定式一定要省去to,to,但在被但在被动语态动语态中中须须将将toto复原。复原。IIsawtheboyfallfromsa
21、wtheboyfallfromthetree.thetree.TheboyTheboywasseentofallfromwasseentofallfromthetree.thetree.ThebossThebossmadeusworkmadeuswork12hoursaday.12hoursaday.WeWeweremadetoworkweremadetowork12hoursaday12hoursaday.2021/8/11 星期三17其他省略其他省略(5)(5)主主语语从句中有从句中有动词动词dodo,后面作表后面作表语语的不定式的的不定式的toto可可带带可可不不带带。Allwecand
22、onowisAllwecandonowis(to)wait(to)wait.(6)find(6)find当当“发现发现”讲时讲时，后面作，后面作宾语补宾语补足足语语的不定式符号的不定式符号toto可可带带可不可不带带。WefoundhimWefoundhim(to)workveryhardat(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.theexperiment.但如果是不定式但如果是不定式tobetobe，则则不能省略不能省略。ShefoundhimShefoundhimtobetobedishonest.dishonest.2021/8/11 星期三18其他省略其他省略
23、4 4、连词、连词ifif在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。语序有变化。(1)(1)HadtheytimeHadtheytime,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.(2)(2)(2)(2)WereIyouWereIyou,Iwoulddotheworkbetter.,Iwoulddotheworkbetter.(3)(3)(3(3）ShouldtherebeafloodShouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?,whatsho
24、uldwedo?5 5、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。ThesoonerThesooner(youdoit),(youdoit),thebetterthebetter(itwillbe).(itwillbe).2021/8/11 星期三191.She can hold her longer than I can hold my breath.2.Do not bathe if you do not want to bath.3.She could not decide whether to go on a trip or not to go On a trip.4.
25、They had a meal ,they went out for a walk and they came Back to sleep.2021/8/11 星期三20Exercises1.If_,well continue our experiment after office hours.A.being necessary B.be necessaryC.is necessary D.necessary2.Raining hard,_?A doesnt it B.dose it C.is it D.isnt it3.Have you been here long?A.No,not ver
26、y B.Not muchC.Yes,only little D.No,only yesterday4.-Does your brother intend to study German?-Yes,he intends_.A/B.to C.so D.that DD（A）B2021/8/11 星期三21e.g.1.Generally speaking,_according to directions,the drug has no side effect.A.when taking B.when takenC.when to take D.when to be takenB2.Though _ m
27、oney,his parents managed to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking ofC.lacking D.lacked in C3.When _,the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completedA4.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.h
28、aving begun C.beginning D.begun D2021/8/11 星期三225.If _ the same treatment again,hes sure to get well.A.Giving B.give C.given D.being given 6.While building a tunnel through the mountain,_.A.an underground lake was discovered B.there was an underground lake discovered C.a lake was discovered undergro
29、undD.the workers discovered an underground lakeCD2021/8/11 星期三237.-You should have thanked her before you left.-I meant _,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing it8.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to d
30、o C.not do it D.do not to 9.-Ill be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all._.A.Ive no time B.Id rather not C.Id like it D.Id be happy to BAD2021/8/11 星期三2411.What would have happened _,as far as the river bank?A.Bob had walked farther B.if Bob should walk farther C.h
31、ad Bob walked farther D.if Bob walked fartherC12-Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?-_.A.I dont believe B.I dont believe itC.I believe not so D.I believe not D13.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losingC2021/8/11 星期三2514.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and_.A.the other is white B.another whiteC.the other white D.another is white15.-Would you like some wine?-Yes,just _.A.little B.very little C.a little D.a fewCCBestwishestoyouBestwishestoyou！2021/8/11 星期三262021/8/11 星期三272021/8/11 星期三28