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1、 Why was Carl Linnaeus important to Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?the history of botany as a science?ListeningListening （插入声音）（插入声音）Carl Linnaeus developed a new system Carl Linnaeus developed a new system to classify the plant species.to classify the plant sp
2、ecies.Skimming 1.When did botany become a 2.special science?After the eighteenth century.2.How was plant species classified before the work of Carl Linnaeus?Plants are classified into herbs and trees,according to the shape of thefruit,or whether they had flowers or not.3.What is the difference betwe
3、en Linnaeus system and that of the other scientists?In Linnaeus system,the identification of different species was based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers,while the other scientists classified plants into herbs and trees,according to the shape of the fruit,or whether th
4、ey had flowers or not.4.Was Daniel Solander a member of the Royal Society?No,he wasnt.5.What did Joseph Banks do on the three-year voyage?On their three-year voyage,Joseph Banks did not only study and describe new plants he found,he also looked out for new economic species and became the first to mo
5、ve crops from one continent to another on a large scale.6.What was the relationship among the three persons?Daniel Solander was the student of Linnaeus and a lifelong friend of Joseph Banks.7.What great contributions did Joseph Banks make to the birth of botany as a science?He discovered many new an
6、imals and plants during the three-year voyage;he was involved in enterprises such as the explorationof Africa and the settlement of Australia.During his 42-year presidency of the Royal Society,he helped to develop the royal gardens at Kew into one of the greatest botanical gardens in the world;he ac
7、cumulated a great deal of knowledge about plants and agriculture;he also built a greenhouse to experiment with growing pineapples;and it was he who made Kew a center of scientific and economic research.Post-readingPost-reading 1.What were the goals of James Cooks first voyage around the world?The go
8、als of James Cooks first voyage The goals of James Cooks first voyage around the world:the primary goal was around the world:the primary goal was to study the passing of the planet Venus to study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun;the second purpose was across the sun;the second purpose
9、was to record,classify and describe all plantto record,classify and describe all plantand animal life observed during the and animal life observed during the trip;the third one was to search for trip;the third one was to search for an unknown southern continent.an unknown southern continent.2.Why di
10、d Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?The reason was the British government The reason was the British governmentwould not pay for a new field of science would not pay for a new field of science as botany.as botany.3.How did scientists classify plants 3.How did
11、scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?before Linnaeus?Before Linnaeus,the scientists Before Linnaeus,the scientists classified plants in this way:they classified plants in this way:they classified plants into herbs and trees,or classified plants into herbs and trees,or according to the shape of
12、 the fruit,or according to the shape of the fruit,or whether they had flowers or not.whether they had flowers or not.3.What could be a possible explanation for the name“strawberry”?A possible explanation for the name A possible explanation for the name“strawberry”:berries like straw.“strawberry”:ber
13、ries like straw.Language PointsLanguage Points 1.Despite his wealth,he worked to make a career in science.wealth意为意为“财富财富”，多用作不可数，多用作不可数名名 词。词。He gained his _ by printing _of famous writers.(NMET 1995)A.wealth;work B.wealths;worksC.wealths;work D.wealth;works 析：析：根据根据wealth的词性，可排除的词性，可排除B、C；works意为意
14、为“作品，著作作品，著作”。C2.Secondly,the purpose of the expedi-tion was to record,classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip.动词不定式可用作表语，表示主语动词不定式可用作表语，表示主语的具体内容，尤其可用于指未发生的的具体内容，尤其可用于指未发生的情况。情况。The purpose of new technology is tomake life easier,_ it more difficult.(上海上海2005春春)A.no
15、t making B.not make C.not to make D.nor to makeC 析：两个或多个不定式表示并列或析：两个或多个不定式表示并列或递进关系时，后面的不定式符号递进关系时，后面的不定式符号to常常常常省略，但当它们表示对比关系时，不省略，但当它们表示对比关系时，不定式符号定式符号to常常保留。常常保留。本题题意为本题题意为“新技术的目的是使生新技术的目的是使生活更容易，而不是让生活更艰难活更容易，而不是让生活更艰难”，两个不定式之间是对比关系。两个不定式之间是对比关系。Practice Practice 1._ had been made by 1._ had bee
16、n made by others to _ plant species others to _ plant species into groups,but the breakthrough into groups,but the breakthrough _ the work of Carl _ the work of Carl Linnaeus.Linnaeus.AttemptsAttemptsclassifyclassifycame withcame with2.In 1768,the Royal Navy _ 2.In 1768,the Royal Navy _ James Cook a
17、s the commander of James Cook as the commander of the Endeavor to take members of the Endeavor to take members of _ on an _ on an _ to Tahiti._ to Tahiti.appointedappointedthe Royal Societythe Royal Societyexpeditionexpedition3.He also _ new economic 3.He also _ new economic species:plants that coul
18、d be grown in species:plants that could be grown in England or other parts of the world England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold.to produce crops that could be sold.looked out forlooked out for4.Banks was the first to move crops 4.Banks was the first to move crops from
19、 one continent to another _ from one continent to another _ _,helping to develop local _,helping to develop local economies with these new imports.economies with these new imports.large scalelarge scaleon aon a5.Darwins _ on that 5.Darwins _ on that voyage led him to write his famous voyage led him
20、to write his famous book On the Origin of Species.book On the Origin of Species.observationsobservations6.Back home,in England,Darwin 6.Back home,in England,Darwin _ that differences in habitat _ that differences in habitat could lead to different species in could lead to different species in birds
21、_ in plants.birds _ in plants.realizedrealizedas well asas well as7._ of Darwin and Mendels 7._ of Darwin and Mendels research,scientists of the nineteenth research,scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that the century formed the belief that the _ of the environment was _ of the en
22、vironment was behind the development of new behind the development of new species.species.As a resultAs a resultinfluenceinfluence8.It would take a next _ of 8.It would take a next _ of scientists to _ the importance scientists to _ the importance of the environment on species back of the environmen
23、t on species back in view.in view.generationgenerationbringbring9.Turesson found _ the 9.Turesson found _ the existence of _ existence of _ within species in nature.within species in nature.evidence forevidence forstable varietiesstable varieties10.The research by Darwin,Mendel 10.The research by Da
24、rwin,Mendel and Turesson shows that both and Turesson shows that both _ and the _ are _ and the _ are important to plants.important to plants.geneticsgeneticsenvironmentenvironmentHomeworkHomework Please read the text several times and then try to write something about Joseph Banks:what do we learn from him?