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1、中考复习语法专题：英语词类讲解形容词、副词Translation of“好好”adj.or adv.?adj.or adv.?形容词（形容词（adjective,adj）用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形容词以以-able,-al,-ful,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后缀结尾的词等后缀结尾的词功能：1.定语：The high price surprised him.She told us something interesting.(后置定语）enough food,beautiful enough2.表语:The sun was hot.3.补语:They find t
2、he book quite interesting.4.主语或宾语:The rich like living in the countryside.5.状语：Wet or fine,he got up at six and took a walk in the park.（=Whether it was wet or fine,he got up at six and took a walk in the park.形容词（形容词（adjective）-ed 人的感受：人的感受：tired,tiring;amazed,amazing;fascinated,fascinating;I was a
3、mazed at the variety of wonderful animals.-ing 引发情感的事物或人：引发情感的事物或人：Its an absolutely amazing city to visit.1.I was really_ (please)when I opened my present because it was just what I wanted.2.The jungle was full of strange noises and I felt_(frighten)during the whole trip.3.Having a warm bath can be
4、 very _(relax)after exercise.4.My trip through the jungle was the most _(excite)adventure Ive ever had.I cant wait to go back.pleasedfrightenedrelaxingexciting注意：一.以-ly结尾的形容词 1）friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early Th
5、e Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.二.用形容词表示类别和整体 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry 三.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)-出处-材料性质，类别-名词 a small round table；a tall gray building；a dirty old brown shirt；a famous German medi
6、cal school形容词的比较等级一.原级1）asas2）not as(so)as3）数词+times+as+原级+as二.比较级1.单音节形容词后加-er，以不发音的e结尾加-r：short-shorter nice-nicer2.辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i加-er：heavy-heavier happyhappier3.末尾是元辅结构，且重读，双写末尾的辅音字母再加-er:big-bigger hot-hotter4.部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加more:athletic-more athletic5.部分形容词不规则变化:good-better You are as bea
7、utiful as my mother.你和我的母亲一样美丽。形容词不规则变化形容词不规则变化:原级原级 比较级比较级goodwellbadbadly illmanymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther/further形容词的比较等级三.比较级的用法1）比较级+thanHe is taller thantaller than me.他比我高。他比我高。2）比较级+and+比较级，more and more+原级He is t taller and talleraller and taller.他越来越高。3）the+比较级，the+比较级The har
8、derThe harder he is,the morethe more he will get.他越努力，获得的东西会越多。4）the+比较级+of the twoIn this picture,Lily is the taller of the twothe taller of the two girls.在图中，Lily 是两个女孩中较高的那一个。形容词的最高等级一.最高级1.形容词最高级的构成：1）单音节形容词后加-est，以不发音的e结尾加-st：2）short-shortest nice-nicest2.辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i加-est：heavy-heaviest
9、happyhappiest3.末尾是元辅结构，且重读，双写末尾的辅音字母再加-est:big-biggest hot-hottest4.部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加the most:athletic-the most athletic5.部分形容词不规则变化:good-best形容词的最高等级二.最高级的用法1）三者或三者以上比较，用the+最高级+名词+范围This is the cleanest place of the city.2）表示“最之一”，用“on of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”This is one of the most interesting books tha
10、t Ive ever read.一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成1、规则变化 构构 成成 方方 法法原原 级级比比 较较 级级最最 高高 级级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er/或或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母以字母e结尾的形容词，加结尾的形容词，加-r或或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或或-estbigbiggerbi
11、ggesthothotterhottest以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，结尾的双音节词，先改先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，先结尾的双音节词，先改改“y”为为“i”,再加再加-er或或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加在词前加more或或mosttiredmore tiredmost tiredeasilymore easilymost easily原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelesslea
12、stfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolder oldesteldereldest形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成2、不规则变化一、副词定义用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。二、副词分类1时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently2地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above3方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really4程度副词almost,nearly,very
13、,fairly,quite,rather5频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never6疑问副词how,where,when,why7连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile8关系副词when,where,why二、副词分类三、副词构成（1）一般是在形容词之直接加-ly:real_;sad_;certain_;(2)形容词以辅音字母结尾加y 结尾的变y为i,再加-ly:hungry_ ;angry_;easy_really sadly certainly hungrily angrily easily(
14、3)以e结尾的直接加-ly:wide_;safe_(truly除外*)(4)以e结尾的去e加y:possible_;gentle_;(5)形容词和副词同形的:快的/地_;早的/地_;晚的/地_widely safelypossibly gentlyfastearlylate三、副词构成1.Please listen to me carefully.副词用来修饰动词，形容词或副词。2.She is a very good girl.在这里very是副词，放在形容词good前面，修饰形容词.3.She listens to me very carefully.这里very放在副词carefully
15、前，起到修饰副词的作用。四、副词用法“hard”到底是形容词还是副词？一.hard是形容词。1.困难的（相当于difficult）That question is very hard/difficult,I dont know how to answer it.(那道题很难，我不知道怎么解答)2.坚硬的。The stone is very hard.这块石头很硬。二.hard是副词。修饰动作。（努力地，勤奋地）The students all study hard.(努力地学习)My parents both work hard.(努力地工作)hardly 与 hard 有什么关系？hardl
16、y 几乎不（表示否定）Peter is very lazy,he hardly gets up early in the morning.Peter很懒，他早上几乎从不早起。1.good只能用作形容词.He is a good student.I am good at English.2.well 副词，形容词都可以。well 副词：He did his homework well.well 形容词:人的身体健康状况良好good 和 well 的区别：句法功能：1.作状语:a.You should always review your lessons.b.The visitors are wa
17、rmly welcomed by the students.c.Certainly we should try out best to improve our work.2.作表语:a.He is abroad.b.The class is over.c.The football match is on.3.作定语:a.He turned the radio down so that he shouldnt disturb the old lady downstairs.(后置定语）4.作补语a.I found all the lights on when I got home last ni
18、ght.1.The scientist felt _ when he saw so many people cheering his success.A.happy B.happily C.angrily D.angry2.I havent seen her for a long time.I can _ remember her mane.A.nearly B.almost C.hardly D.quite3.The light music sounds very _.I enjoy it very much.A.beautiful B.well C.boring D.wonderfully
19、4.Nowadays,more and more people do enough exercise to keep their _ well.A.healthy B.health C.unhealthy D.healthily5.The children are looking at these lovely dogs.A.happy B.happily C.happiness D.happier6.The old woman cant see the message on the mobile phone_.A.clear enough B.enough clear C.clearly e
20、nough D.enough clearly形容词、副词比较等级形容词、副词比较等级有有些些词词的的比比较较级级和和最最高高级级有有两两种种不不同同形形式式,意意义义上上也也有有所所不不同同,如如:older/oldest(比比较较老老/最最老老的的),elder/eldest(年年龄龄比比较较大大的的/最最大大的的);farther/farthest用用于于本本义义,表表示示“比比较较远远的的/最最远远的的”,而而further/furthest常常用用于于引申意义引申意义,表示表示“更进一步的更进一步的,更深一层的更深一层的/最深层的最深层的”a.He is the oldest comr
21、ade in our office.b.He is the eldest son in the family.c.He went abroad for further studies.表表示示“比比多多(大大)几几倍倍”时时,用用“倍倍数数+asas”结结构构或或“倍倍数数+比比较较级级+than”表示表示 a.This book costs twice as much as that one.b.The university is three times as big as it was in 1980.=The university is three times bigger than i
22、t was in 1980.可用可用much,far,still,even等修饰比较级等修饰比较级,表示表示“更更”,“得多得多”之意之意 a.Her handwriting is much better than mine.b.This street is far wider and longer than any other street in Beijing.可用可用“名词词组或数词词组名词词组或数词词组+比较级比较级”的结构来表示的结构来表示“比比相差多少相差多少”,ten minutes later,two meters longer,a few steps further 比较级比
23、较级+and+比较级表示比较级表示“越来越越来越”.Summer is coming.It is getting hotter and hotter.“the+比比较较级级+主主语语+谓谓语语+其其他他,the+比比较较级级+主主语语+谓谓语语+其其他他”表表示示“越越,就越就越”The harder you study,the more knowledge you will get.morethan有时表示有时表示“与其说与其说,倒不如说倒不如说”a.He is more diligent than wise.与其说他聪明,不如说他勤奋 b.He is more a friend than
24、a teacher.与其说他是一位老师,不如说更像一位朋友“no+比比较较级级+than”和和“not+比比较较级级+than”所所表表示示的的意意思思不不相相同同,前前者者表表示示“和和一一样样不不”(即即两两者者都都不不),后后者表示者表示“不比不比更更”(仅否定前者仅否定前者,即表示前者不如后者即表示前者不如后者)a.His English is no better than mine.两人的英语都不好b.His English is not better than mine.他的英语不如我的英语好有时用比较级表示最高级的意思有时用比较级表示最高级的意思a.It cant be safe
25、r.再安全不过了.b.She cant be more beautiful.她简直美极了 c.He works harder than the other students in his class.d.He works harder than any other student in his class.“the+序数词序数词+最高级最高级”表示表示“第几第几”之意之意 a.China is the third largest country in the world.b.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.Thank you!