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1、词义的选择与引申1解析 Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse;and for ability,is in the judgment and disposition of business.读书足以怡情，读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论最
2、见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事最见于处世判事之际。之际。杜甫的诗杜甫的诗春望春望中的中的“国破山河在国破山河在”Thoughacountrybesundered(分开）分开）,hillsandriversendure.-Bynner（虽然）（一个）国家（被）隔绝（，）（群）山（虽然）（一个）国家（被）隔绝（，）（群）山（和）河流忍耐（着）（。）（和）河流忍耐（着）（。）Anationthoughfallen,thelandyetremains.-W.J.B.Fletcher（一个）国家（虽然）沦陷（，）（那）土地（仍（一个）国家（虽然）沦陷（，）（那）土地（仍然）留
3、存（。）然）留存（。）Thestatemayfall,butthehillsandstreamsremain.-DavidHawkes(这个这个)国家（也许）沦陷（，）（但）（这）（群）国家（也许）沦陷（，）（但）（这）（群）山（和）小溪留存（。）山（和）小溪留存（。）I love my love with an E,because shes enticing;I hate her with an E,because shes engaged;I took her to the sign of the exquisite,and treated her with an elopement（私私
4、奔奔）;her names Emily,and she lives in the east.(Dickens,David Copperfield)Translation译文译文1 1：我我爱爱我我的的心心上上人人，因因为为她她那那样样地地叫叫人人入入迷迷（enticingenticing）；我我恨恨我我的的心心上上人人，因因为为她她已已订订婚婚将将作作他他人人妻妻（engagedengaged）；她她花花容容月月貌貌无无可可比比拟拟（exquisiteexquisite），我我劝劝她她私私奔奔跟跟我我在在一一起起（elopementelopement）；她她的的名名字字叫叫埃埃米米莉莉（Emi
5、lyEmily），她她的的家家就就在在东东城城里里（easteast）。我我爱爱我的心上人呀，一切都因为这个我的心上人呀，一切都因为这个E E！（！（陆乃圣陆乃圣）I love my love with an E,because shes enticing;I hate her with an E,because shes engaged;I took her to the sign of the exquisite,and treated her with an elopement;her names Emily,and she lives in the east.译文译文2 2：我我爱爱我
6、我的的那那个个“丽丽”，可可爱爱迷迷人人有有魅魅力力；我我恨恨我我的的那那个个“丽丽”，要要和和他他人人结结伉伉俪俪；她她文文雅雅大大方方又又美美丽丽，和和我我出出逃逃去去游游历；历；她芳名就叫爱米丽，家住东方人俏丽。（她芳名就叫爱米丽，家住东方人俏丽。（马红军马红军）I love my love with an E,because shes enticing;I hate her with an E,because shes engaged;I took her to the sign of the exquisite,and treated her with an elopement;he
7、r names Emily,and she lives in the east.译文译文3 3：我我爱爱我我的的爱爱人人，因因为为她她很很迷迷人人；我我恨恨我我的的爱爱人人，因因已已许许配配他他人人；她她在在我我心心中中是是美美人人，我我带带她她私私奔奔，以以避避开开外外人人；她她名名叫叫虞虞美美人人，是东方丽人。（张柏然）是东方丽人。（张柏然）I love my love with an E,because shes enticing;I hate her with an E,because shes engaged;I took her to the sign of the exquisi
8、te,and treated her with an elopement;her names Emily,and she lives in the east.学生学生1 1：联宠爱妃，因其想入菲菲；联宠爱妃，因其想入菲菲；联恨爱妃，欲与人比翼双飞；联恨爱妃，欲与人比翼双飞；爱妃容颜世上绝非，愿带其远走高飞；爱妃容颜世上绝非，愿带其远走高飞；爱妃兰名芳菲，如东方翠翡。爱妃兰名芳菲，如东方翠翡。I love my love with an E,because shes enticing;I hate her with an E,because shes engaged;I took her to
9、the sign of the exquisite,and treated her with an elopement;her names Emily,and she lives in the east.学生学生2 2：纤纤丽人，家住东方纤纤丽人，家住东方婚定他人，即将拜堂婚定他人，即将拜堂吾既闻之，百转愁肠吾既闻之，百转愁肠纤纤丽人，我心所向纤纤丽人，我心所向丽人闻之，与我同伤丽人闻之，与我同伤相约南墙，远走他方相约南墙，远走他方 I love my love with an E,because shes enticing;I hate her with an E,because shes
10、engaged;I took her to the sign of the exquisite,and treated her with an elopement;her names Emily,and she lives in the east.飘逸版我爱我的伊人，因为她美丽又动人；我恨我的伊人，因为她已相许他人；我愿奉她为完人，带她私奔离众人；她叫爱米莉真醉人，家住东方羡煞旁人。文言版文言版城东丽人兮，美名爱弥莉；城东丽人兮，美名爱弥莉；娇姿倾城兮，吾心之所系；娇姿倾城兮，吾心之所系；初既与余订婚兮，信誓而弃；初既与余订婚兮，信誓而弃；悔伊邂逅王孙兮，拜金逐利；悔伊邂逅王孙兮，拜金逐利；私
11、奔离我而去兮！私奔离我而去兮！恨兮！恨兮！痛兮！痛兮！粤语版我好鬼中意我条女，因为距好suo架；不过我又好鬼憎距，距竟然同左个麻甩佬订左婚；我一直都当距系我第时果个架，仲叫距一齐同我着草添；距既名叫爱米莉，住系我屋企东边。Correspondenceatwordlevel(1)word-for-wordcorrespondenceeg.laser激光激光;aspirin阿斯匹林阿斯匹林(2)one-multiple equivalents of the samemeaning（optionalequivalence)wife:妻子，爱人，夫人，老婆，老伴，媳妇，堂客，内人，贱内potato:马
12、铃薯，洋芋，土豆、山药蛋人：human being,man,people,person,-犬：dog,hound,pointer(猎犬),puppy(3)oneword-severalequivalentsofdifferentmeaningscousin:堂兄，堂弟，表姐，表妹，堂姐，堂妹president：总统，总裁，主席，董事长，会长，校长，院长Carry:搬，运，提，拎，挑，担，搂，抱，举，端，夹笑：smile,giggle(傻笑),laugh,ridicule,deride,guffaw(laugh very loudly)走：walk,saunter 闲逛,stride,trudg
13、e 步履维艰,amble慢行（4）wordswithoutequivalents阴阴/阳阳:thesoftinactivefemaleprincipleorforceintheworldclock-watcher:老是看钟等下班的人老是看钟等下班的人alibi:不在犯罪现场的证据不在犯罪现场的证据Yellowpublications:品位较低的出版物品位较低的出版物pornography春画，色情文学Diction Diction means the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accura
14、te comprehension of the original.A noted linguist said,“the meaning of a word is its use in the language and each word,when used in a new context,is a new word.外延意义外延意义外延意义外延意义（概念意义）（概念意义）（概念意义）（概念意义）（denotative meaning denotative meaning）内涵意义（内涵意义（内涵意义（内涵意义（connotative meaning)connotative meaning)风
15、格意义（风格意义（风格意义（风格意义（stylistic meaning)stylistic meaning)情感意义情感意义情感意义情感意义（affective meaning)affective meaning)联想意义（联想意义（联想意义（联想意义（reflective meaning)reflective meaning)搭配意义搭配意义搭配意义搭配意义（collocative meaning)collocative meaning)主题意义（主题意义（主题意义（主题意义（thematic meaning)thematic meaning)-杰弗里杰弗里杰弗里杰弗里 N N N N 利
16、奇利奇利奇利奇 “semanticssemanticssemanticssemantics”词汇意义的七种类型词汇意义的七种类型外延意义不对应外延意义不对应红茶红茶红眼红眼红眼病红眼病白酒白酒税税black teablack teato be to be green-eyedgreen-eyed (red-eyered-eye 廉价廉价廉价廉价的威士忌酒的威士忌酒的威士忌酒的威士忌酒)PinkeyePinkeyespiritsspirits/liquorliquor(不是不是不是不是white winewhite wine白葡萄酒白葡萄酒白葡萄酒白葡萄酒)TaxTax/dutyduty/tar
17、iff tariff 关税，税率关税，税率关税，税率关税，税率 “精神文明精神文明精神文明精神文明”被译被译被译被译spiritual civilizationspiritual civilization，在外国人的心，在外国人的心，在外国人的心，在外国人的心目中含有宗教色彩，现在改目中含有宗教色彩，现在改目中含有宗教色彩，现在改目中含有宗教色彩，现在改“ethical and cultural ethical and cultural progressprogress”或是或是或是或是“cultural lifecultural life”以及其他译法。以及其他译法。以及其他译法。以及其他译
18、法。过去我们在对外宣传中，一直把过去我们在对外宣传中，一直把过去我们在对外宣传中，一直把过去我们在对外宣传中，一直把“宣传宣传宣传宣传”译为译为译为译为 “propaganda”(propaganda”(贬义的成分为多，使人易与吹牛、贬义的成分为多，使人易与吹牛、贬义的成分为多，使人易与吹牛、贬义的成分为多，使人易与吹牛、说谎、怀有政治目的等负面含义联系起来说谎、怀有政治目的等负面含义联系起来说谎、怀有政治目的等负面含义联系起来说谎、怀有政治目的等负面含义联系起来)，现在，现在，现在，现在多使用多使用多使用多使用“publicitypublicity”等中性词；等中性词；等中性词；等中性词；情
19、感意义不对应情感意义不对应 同时，市场自身的弱点和消极方面也会反同时，市场自身的弱点和消极方面也会反映到人们的映到人们的精神生活精神生活中来。中来。Meanwhile，the weak points and negative factors involved in market operation will find expression in peoples cultural life.例例nNocontext,notranslation.ContextTherearethreekindsofcontextLinguisticcontextSituationalcontextCultural
20、contextLinguisticcontextLinguisticcontextreferstocohesion结合andcoherence相干性withinatextSituationalcontextIt is related to the situation,theparticipants,andthethingmentioned.CulturalcontextItisrelatedtocultureandbackground.Agoodtranslationmustbebasedontheconsiderationofthethreecontexts.英译汉选词问题英译汉选词问题 C
21、hoosing the proper meaning根据根据词性词性选择词义选择词义 Linguistic根据词的使用场合及根据词的使用场合及上下文上下文联系选择词联系选择词义根据词的义根据词的搭配搭配选择词义选择词义 Situational按按习惯习惯选词义选词义 Cultural词性词性（Linguistic）“like”Things Things likelike air,water or metals are matter.(prep.)air,water or metals are matter.(prep.)像像像像空气、水或金属之类的东西都是物质。空气、水或金属之类的东西都是物质
22、。空气、水或金属之类的东西都是物质。空气、水或金属之类的东西都是物质。The two buildings are very The two buildings are very likelike.(adj.).(adj.)这两座楼很这两座楼很这两座楼很这两座楼很像像像像。It It is is the the atoms atoms that that make make up up iron,iron,water,water,oxygen oxygen and and the the likelike.(n.).(n.)正是原子构成了铁、水和氧正是原子构成了铁、水和氧正是原子构成了铁、水和氧
23、正是原子构成了铁、水和氧等等等等等等等等。词性词性Waves Waves in in water water move move likelike the the waveform waveform moves moves along along a a rope.(conj.)rope.(conj.)水中波的移动，就像波形沿着绳子移动水中波的移动，就像波形沿着绳子移动水中波的移动，就像波形沿着绳子移动水中波的移动，就像波形沿着绳子移动一样一样一样一样。We We should likeshould like to know all the details.(v.)to know all th
24、e details.(v.)我们我们我们我们想知道想知道想知道想知道一切详情。一切详情。一切详情。一切详情。词性词性“round”There are several round tables in the dinning-room.(adj.圆的)Come round and see me tomorrow.(adv.到某处)He had a tour round the world.(prep.在-周围)She rounded up the boys.(v.集合)词性词性“but”He knows some methods but he doesnt know how to apply th
25、em.（连词，但是）The word occurs in the last line but one.（介词，除去）There was not a single person there but was moved to tears（关系代词，who not）上下文上下文（Situational）I want my martini dry.There are still some dry states in the United States.She prefers dry bread.The cows are dry.He gave us a dry lecture yesterday.I
26、am sure what he presented was a dry fact.上下文上下文我的马丁尼酒我的马丁尼酒不要甜的不要甜的在美国尚在美国尚有几洲禁酒有几洲禁酒。她喜欢她喜欢无奶油的无奶油的面包。面包。这些母牛这些母牛缺奶缺奶。昨天他给我们作了一个昨天他给我们作了一个枯燥无味的枯燥无味的讲演。讲演。我相信，他所列举的是我相信，他所列举的是铁一般的铁一般的事实。事实。Last：He is the last man to come.He is the last man to do it.He is the last person for such a job.最不配He should b
27、e the last to blame.He is the last man to consult.不宜This is the last place where I expected to meet you.This is a question of the last importance.怎么也没想到上下文上下文根据上下文来确定其褒贬意义根据上下文来确定其褒贬意义The adoption of new policies will surely lead to some striking results.采取各项新政策必将带来显著成果。There would have been more pa
28、inful result but for the drastic measures.若不是采取了严厉措施，那将会出现的更痛苦的后果。上下文上下文A.Verbalcontext:Eg.We hope Mr.White will not forget himself,gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN may do whatever he likes.We hope that our most respected Secretary General will not forget himself,his
29、poor health is known to everybody.(忘乎所以；过于操劳，忘我工作)B.PlaceThe boy is drawing a cart.画？拉？C.code(语码：话语所使用的语言变体）First floor(En,二楼；Am，一楼）Are you through?(En 接通了吗；Am，打完了吗）D.搭配搭配(collocation)Soft music Soft music Soft moneySoft moneySoft heart Soft heart Soft waterSoft waterSoft drink Soft drink Soft fireS
30、oft fireSoft headSoft headSoft goodsSoft goods轻音乐轻音乐轻音乐轻音乐纸币纸币纸币纸币软心肠软心肠软心肠软心肠软水软水软水软水软饮料软饮料软饮料软饮料文火文火文火文火无主见的人，笨人无主见的人，笨人无主见的人，笨人无主见的人，笨人纺织品纺织品纺织品纺织品搭配搭配Seeing that old film really took me back!He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in.It was at that point that her acting career really t
31、ook off.Over the years he has taken on the look of a banker.Im not sure if hell take to the idea.Lets take up where we left off.搭配搭配观看那部老电影的确使我回想起了过去的岁月。观看那部老电影的确使我回想起了过去的岁月。他没地方睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。他没地方睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。正是从这个时候起，她的表演生涯真正开始迈向成正是从这个时候起，她的表演生涯真正开始迈向成功了。功了。起飞 这些年来他摆出了一副银行家的派头。这些年来他摆出了一副银行家的派头。呈
32、现我拿不准他是否会喜欢这个主意。我拿不准他是否会喜欢这个主意。喜爱让我们接着之前停下来的地方重新开始让我们接着之前停下来的地方重新开始。开始 搭配搭配Delicate skinDelicate childDelicate vaseDelicate differenceDelicate sense of smellDelicate food娇嫩的皮肤容易生病的小孩容易碰碎的花瓶微妙的差别灵敏的嗅觉美味的食物 Heavy weather;恶劣Heavy schedule 排的很紧heavy crops 丰收Heavy fog浓heavy traffic 繁忙/拥挤heavy soil 难以耕种He
33、avy fate 悲惨Heavy stormheavy news 不幸Heavy sea 波涛汹涌heavy sleep 沉睡搭配搭配heavy hand高压手段heavy smokers 烟瘾大Heavy applause 热烈heavy workHeavy heartheavy fighting 激烈Heavy rain/snowheavy sky 阴沉 Heavy food 不易消化Heavy market 呆滞，价格下降搭配搭配习惯习惯（cultural）在人们长期的社会实践中，往在人们长期的社会实践中，往在人们长期的社会实践中，往在人们长期的社会实践中，往往把有些往把有些往把有些往把
34、有些生活意义或科技意义生活意义或科技意义生活意义或科技意义生活意义或科技意义的词组，构成相对固定的形式，的词组，构成相对固定的形式，的词组，构成相对固定的形式，的词组，构成相对固定的形式，而且有其固定的习惯说法，翻而且有其固定的习惯说法，翻而且有其固定的习惯说法，翻而且有其固定的习惯说法，翻译时按其习惯选词义。译时按其习惯选词义。译时按其习惯选词义。译时按其习惯选词义。ball-point pen ball-point pen Empty space Empty space North and south,east and westNorth and south,east and westRa
35、in or shineRain or shine 圆珠笔圆珠笔真空真空东南西北东南西北不论晴雨不论晴雨词义引申的手段词义引申的手段词义的转化词义的转化词义的具体化词义的具体化词义的抽象化词义的抽象化词义的转化词义的转化翻翻译时，如如果果完完全全生生搬搬硬硬套套词典典所所给的的字字面面意意思思，“对号号入入座座”，会会使使译文文生生硬硬晦晦涩，含含糊糊不不清清，甚甚至至令令人人不不知知所所云云。因因此此，应根根据据上上下下文文和和原原词的的字字面面意意思思，作作适适当当的的转化化。例例 Thats a tall story about the towns high street.原译：这就是有关
36、镇上原译：这就是有关镇上高处街道高处街道的的大故事大故事。改译改译:有关这城有关这城主街主街的说法是在的说法是在令人难以置令人难以置信信。Praise and Disparage贬损词义的褒贬1.Many people think that he is one of the most Many people think that he is one of the most ambitiousambitious politicians of our times.politicians of our times.2.Although he is very young,he is very2.Alt
37、hough he is very young,he is very ambitiousambitious in his in his research work.research work.3.They 3.They incited incited him to go into further investigation.him to go into further investigation.4.The plotters4.The plotters incitedincited the soldiers to rise against their the soldiers to rise a
38、gainst their officers.officers.5.The enemy5.The enemy killedkilled one of our comrades and weone of our comrades and we killed killed an an enemy agent.enemy agent.很多人认为他是现今最很多人认为他是现今最很多人认为他是现今最很多人认为他是现今最有野心有野心有野心有野心的政客之一。的政客之一。的政客之一。的政客之一。他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中很有他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中很有他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中很有他虽然很年轻，但是
39、在研究工作中很有雄心壮志雄心壮志雄心壮志雄心壮志。他们他们他们他们鼓励鼓励鼓励鼓励他做进一步的调查。他做进一步的调查。他做进一步的调查。他做进一步的调查。阴谋家阴谋家阴谋家阴谋家煽动煽动煽动煽动士兵们造军官的反。士兵们造军官的反。士兵们造军官的反。士兵们造军官的反。敌人敌人敌人敌人杀杀杀杀了我们一个同志，我们了我们一个同志，我们了我们一个同志，我们了我们一个同志，我们宰宰宰宰一个敌人的特务。一个敌人的特务。一个敌人的特务。一个敌人的特务。Ambivalentwords对立词对立词Fireman CleaveOverhearOverlookAmbition消防员；火夫劈开；粘住偷听；偶然/无意听
40、到细看；不看/忽视抱负；野心词义的具体化词义的具体化词义的具体化是指把原义抽象笼统的词语，词义的具体化是指把原义抽象笼统的词语，根据目标语的表达习惯，引申为意义明确根据目标语的表达习惯，引申为意义明确具体的词语。英语中常用代表抽象意义的具体的词语。英语中常用代表抽象意义的词表示一种具体事物，译成汉语时一般须词表示一种具体事物，译成汉语时一般须作具体化的引申，否则意义会不明朗。作具体化的引申，否则意义会不明朗。例例 There is more to their life than political and social and economic problem,more than transi
41、ent短暂的everydayness.他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的济的问题，远不止一时的柴米油盐问题柴米油盐问题。A nice enough young fellow,you understand,nothing（脑子里是一张白纸一张白纸）The Iraqi War makes all the international morality or international laws become impossible.（失去作用）The Great Wall is amust for most foreign visitor
42、s to Beijing.必不可少的参观游览项目例例词义的抽象化词义的抽象化 词义的抽象化是指是将表示具体形象的词词义的抽象化是指是将表示具体形象的词作概括性的引申，译成意义抽象的词。例作概括性的引申，译成意义抽象的词。例如，将如，将“之乎者也之乎者也”译成译成“literary literary jargons(jargons(术语)”或或“pedanticpedantic炫学者 jargons”jargons”就是一种词义抽象化的处理。现就是一种词义抽象化的处理。现代英语常用表示具体形象的词指代一种属代英语常用表示具体形象的词指代一种属性、一种概念或一个事物，翻译时宜作抽性、一种概念或一个
43、事物，翻译时宜作抽象化的处理，使译文更加自然流畅。象化的处理，使译文更加自然流畅。例例 The interest rates have see-sawed between 10 and 15 percent.利率一直在利率一直在10到到15之间不断之间不断波动波动。see-saw 由由“跷跷板一上一下的交替摆动跷跷板一上一下的交替摆动”抽象化为抽象化为“摇摆不定的摇摆不定的:波动波动”。They have their smilesandtears.Every life has its rosesandthorns.During the war,he was an embryo surgeon,
44、and joined the mobile medical team.I was not one to let myheartrule my head.There is a mixture of the tiger and theape in the character of the imperialists.欢乐与悲哀欢乐与悲哀有苦又有甜有苦又有甜胚胎胚胎-初出茅庐的初出茅庐的情感情感理智理智残暴残暴狡猾狡猾例例It is regrettable that our appeal remains adeadletter.遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应没有得到响应。动物的隐喻性意义 （C=E）
45、：FOX-sly狡猾的;ASS/donkey-stupid;BEE-busy;DEER-meek温顺的and gentle;LAMB-lovable;PIG-dirty and greedy;MONKEY-naughty and playful;JACKAL(豺)-greedy and contemptible;WOLF-狼bloodthirsty and cruel.比喻的引申比喻的引申:如果英语的比喻在内容、形式、形象上与汉语相近似，可以相互借用，不用引申。如：The man is as stubborn as amule.犟得像头牛。I am onlyasmallpotato in th
46、is office.小人物Dont put your finger into anothers pie.别管他人闲事。典故的引申：典故的引申：希腊神话希腊神话She is as fair as Helen.她是个绝世美人。He does a lot of good jobs and is considered to be thesaltoftheworld.盐是饮食中不可缺少的调味品，人体若缺盐，盐是饮食中不可缺少的调味品，人体若缺盐，健康就会受到影响，出现种种疾病。盐还有健康就会受到影响，出现种种疾病。盐还有杀菌、解毒、消炎、除污等多种功用，它既杀菌、解毒、消炎、除污等多种功用，它既是是“百
47、药之王百药之王”，又是工业之母，确是值得，又是工业之母，确是值得珍视的东西。在许多民族的习俗汇总，盐被珍视的东西。在许多民族的习俗汇总，盐被当作敬客的高贵礼品。当作敬客的高贵礼品。The Salt of the Earth一词出自圣经，据新约。马太福音（Matthew）第5篇记载：耶稣对他的门徒说:“Ye are the salt of the earth:but if the salt have lost his savor,wherewith shall it be salted?”在这里，salt用于转义，表示flavor；of the earth即of the world。这是耶稣登山
48、垂训论“福”，所讲福音结尾的话，他把门徒比做“世上的盐”，这是极高的称赞。这句话在后世不断引用变成了一个典故性成语，转义为the most valuable members of society;the finest type of humanity;a person or a group of people having the best character。汉译英选词问题汉译英选词问题 Choosing the proper meaning根据词的使用场合及根据词的使用场合及上下文上下文联系选择词义联系选择词义根据词的根据词的搭配习惯搭配习惯选择词义选择词义原则：深刻理解汉语，切忌望文生义
49、原则：深刻理解汉语，切忌望文生义。例例你你你你应该应该应该应该戒烟，那会对你有好处。戒烟，那会对你有好处。戒烟，那会对你有好处。戒烟，那会对你有好处。班上的班上的班上的班上的好人好事好人好事好人好事好人好事应该应该应该应该受到表扬。受到表扬。受到表扬。受到表扬。这个男孩子付出极大努力，这个男孩子付出极大努力，这个男孩子付出极大努力，这个男孩子付出极大努力，应应应应得到奖励。得到奖励。得到奖励。得到奖励。You You should should stop smoking,which will do you good.stop smoking,which will do you good.Goo
50、d deed doersGood deed doers in the class in the class shouldshould be be praisedpraiseddeservedeserve praise.praise.The boy The boy deservesdeserves a reward for his great efforts.a reward for his great efforts.例例在这场足球比赛中，中国队在这场足球比赛中，中国队赢赢了日本队。了日本队。在滑铁卢战役中，英国军队在滑铁卢战役中，英国军队战败了战败了拿破仑。拿破仑。In this socce