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1、英国文学作品选读诗人(要点)Theme of Sonnet 18(上上p.118)His sonnet 18 expresses that beautiful things can rely on the force of literature to reach eternity.Analysis of the poem1.Shakespeares English was different from modern English and his use of certain words and grammar is not used today,such as:thee,thou=you,t
2、hy=your,thine=your(yours),art=are,hath=has,doth=does,I know not=I dont know,more better=better t is=it,tis=it is,twas=it was,and so on.The first two quatrains focus on the fair lords beauty:the poet attempts to compare it to a summers day,but shows that there can be no such comparison,since the fair
3、 lords timeless beauty far surpasses that of the fleeting,inconstant season.Summer-summer as a metaphor for youth,or perhaps beauty,or perhaps the beauty of youth.What does“eternal lines”mean in the last but one stanza?Whats the rhyme of Shakespearean Sonnet?The speaker opens the poem with a questio
4、n addressed to the beloved:Shall I compare thee to a summers day?The next eleven lines are devoted to such a comparison.In line 2,the speaker stipulates what mainly differentiates the young man from the summers day:he is more lovely and more temperate.The poet describes summer as a season of extreme
5、s and disappointments.Summers days tend toward extremes:they are shaken by rough winds;In them,the sun(the eye of heaven)often shines too hot,or too dim.And summer is fleeting:its date is too short,and it leads to the withering of autumn,as every fair from fair sometime declines.The final quatrain o
6、f the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in that respect:his beauty will last forever(Thy eternal summer shall not fade.)and never die.In the couplet,the speaker explains how the beloveds beauty will accomplish this feat,and not perish because it is preserved in the poem,which will
7、 last forever;it will live as long as men can breathe or eyes can see.The Meter and Rhyme English or Shakespearean Sonnet:a poem of fourteen iambic pentameter lines,whose rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg,which marks the division of a sonnet into three quatrains(four lines)and a couplet(two rhyming
8、lines).Sonnet 181.Shall I compare thee to a sum mers day?/ei/a 2.Thou art more love ly and more tem perate:/eit/b3.Rough winds do shake the da ling buds of May,/ei/a4.And sum mers loase hath all too short a date:/eit/b5.Sometime too hot the eye of hea ven shines /aiz/c 6.And o f ten is his gold comp
9、le xion dimmd;/imd/d 7.And eve ry fair from fair sometime declines,/imd/d 8.By chance or na tures chan ging course,untrimmd;/imd/d 9.But thy eter nal sum mer shall not fade,/eid/e10.Nor lose posses sion of that fair thou owst;/ust/f11.Nor shall Death brag thou wan derst in his shade,/eid/e12.When in
10、 eter nal lines to time thou growst:/ust/f 13.So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,/i:/g14.So long lives this and this gives life to thee./i:/g我该把你比拟做夏天吗？你比夏天更可爱，更温婉：狂风会把五月的娇蕊吹落，夏天出租的期限又太短暂：有时天上的眼睛照得太热，他金色的面容常常变阴暗；一切美的事物总不免凋败，被机缘或自然的代谢摧残：但你永恒的夏天不会褪色，不会失去你所拥有的美善，死神也不能夸说你在他阴影里徘徊，当你在永恒的诗行里与时间同久长：
11、只要人们能呼吸或眼睛看得清，此诗将永存，并且赐给你生命。陈黎译 2.Geoffrey Chaucer（1340-1400）Significance 1)“the father of English poetry”(by John Dryden)2)the founder of modern English 3)the founder of English realistic literature:the greatest literate before Shakespeare 4)He was the first to be buried in Westminster Abby,for his
12、 great contribution to the making of English and literature.Chaucers writing style 1)His poetry is full of vigor and swiftness.2)He enriched the poetic forms for the English poetry.3)He is the first people who made the London vernacular the language of his work thus make it the foundation for modern
13、 speech and establishing English as the literary language of the country.General Introduction to The Canterbury Tales(上上p.45)Significance 1)It was the last of Geoffrey Chaucers works.2)The Canterbury Tales is Chaucers masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.3)It is one of t
14、he landmarks of English literature,perhaps the greatest work produced in Middle English 4)It gives us a true life picture of his time.The work stands as a historical and sociological introduction to the life and times of the late Middle Ages An Analysis of the opening lines As April comes,the narrat
15、or begins a pilgrimage to Canterbury from the Tabard Inn at Southwerk.Twenty-nine people make the pilgrimage toward Canterbury and the narrator describes them in turn.These are the opening lines with which the narrator begins the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales.The imagery in this opening p
16、assage is of springs renewal and rebirth.After the long sleep of winter,people begin to stir,feeling the need to“go on pilgrimages,”or to travel to a site where one worships a saints relics as a means of spiritual cleansing and renewal.3.John Donne（1572-1631）Significance 1)Founder of Metaphysical Sc
17、hool(玄学派)2)Donne was the leading exponent of a style of poetry called metaphysical poetry,which flourished in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.3)The most striking feature of Donnes Poetry is his frequent use of conceit(奇喻).The main themes of the metaphysical poets are love,death an
18、d religion.Themes of Holy Sonnet 10(Deanth be not proud)(上p.138)His Holy Sonnet 10 reveals his belief in life after death.Death is momentarily while happiness after death is eternal.One short sleep past,we wake eternally,And death shall be no more;Death,thou shalt die.1.What does sleep mean?Death.2.
19、How do you understand we live eternally?Life and death are two periods.Death is the expansion of life.Shortly after our death,our soul will enter heaven and live happily forever.4.Robert Burns（1759-1796）Significance 1)Scottish poet and writer of traditional Scottish folk songs 2)He is the national p
20、oet of Scotland.Robert Burns is representative of Scotland.He has become almost a national symbol of all things Scottish.3)the greatest poet Scotland in the late 18th century has ever produced;4)a remarkable lyricist on the theme of love and friendship;5)a patriotic poet calling for national indepen
21、dence,liberty,equality and fraternity for all the people in the world;6)a peasant poet sharing his peoples feelings and drawing material from the folk legends and songs;7)He was the peoples poet.He came from the people and wrote for the people.A Red,Red Rose(上p.328)A Red,Red Rose is written as a bal
22、lad with four stanzas of four lines,or quatrains each Theme This is a poem of love and reassurance.Burns is leaving his love and intends to reassure her of his fidelity and love for her in his absence.A Red Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰一朵红红的玫瑰Oh my loves like a red red rose,我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花thats newly sprun in June
23、;六月里刚抽芽；Oh my love like the melody,我的爱人像一曲妙乐，Thats sweetly played in tune.演奏的甜蜜和谐。As fair art thou my bonnie lass,我的好姑娘，你那样美貌无双，So deep in love am I;我是这样的痴情异常；And I will love thee still，my dear 亲爱的，我将永远爱你，Till sthe seas gang dry.直到海水枯干。Till sthe seas gang dry,my dear,直到海水枯干,And the rocks melt withe
24、sun.太阳把岩石熔成浆：I will love thee still,my dear,亲爱的，我将永远爱你，Whle the sands olife shall run.只要生命不断。And fare theeweel,my only love!我唯一的爱人，再见！And fare thee weel,a while!暂时一别，再见！And I will come again,my love,我仍要回来，我的爱人，Thoit were ten thousand mile!纵然路隔万里远！5.William Wordsworth(1770-1850)Significance 1)He is t
25、he third greatest poet and the greatest lyric poet in English literature.2)He is the leading figure of the English Romantic poetry,and he is regareded as a“worshipper of nature”.3)He was one of“lake poets”4)He is a poet in memory of the past and was called prophets of nature I Wandered Lonely as a C
26、loud（下（下p.19）Form The four six-line stanzas of this poem follow a quatrain-couplet rhyme scheme:ABABCC.Each line is metered in iambic tetrameter（四音步）.Characteristics The poem is a master piece on nature.Significance This poem typically depicts the serene beauty of nature and shows the poets respect
27、for nature as well.Exercises For oft,when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dance with the daffodils.(1)What is the bliss of the solitude?The Daffodils the poem saw.(2)Interpret the
28、passage.It is a bliss/happiness to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind when he is solitude/lonely.(3)Why did the poet write the poem,what did he want to express?The poem depicts/deals with the flowers that he came across along waterside,by which he expresses the quiet,sympathy,loving feeling
29、to nature just like his words poetry is from emotion recollected in tranquility.IWanderedLonelyasaCloud 我孤独地漫游，像一朵云 I wandered lone ly as a cloud 我孤独地漫游，像一朵云 That floats on high oer vales and hills,在山丘和谷地上飘荡，When all at once I saw a crowd,忽然间我看见一群 Ahost,ofgold enda ffodils;金色的水仙花迎春开放，Beside thelake,
30、beneath thetrees,在树荫下，在湖水边，Fluttering anddancing inthebreeze.迎着微风起舞翩翩。Conti nuous as thestars thatshine 连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，Andtwink leon themil kyway,在银河里闪闪发光，Theystretched inne ver-en dingline 它们沿着湖湾的边缘 Along themar ginof abay:延伸成无穷无尽的一行；Tenthou sandsaw Iat aglance,我一眼看见了一万朵，Tossing theirheads inspright ly
31、dance.在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。Thewaves beside themdanced;butthe粼粼波光也在跳着舞，Out-did thespark lingwaves inglee:水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；Apo etcould notbut begay,与这样快活的伴侣为伍，Insuch ajo cundcom pany:诗人怎能不满心欢乐！Igazed-andgazed-butli ttlethought 我久久凝望，却想象不到 Whatwealth theshow tome hadbrought;这奇景赋予我多少财宝，Foroft,whenon mycouch Ilie 每当我躺在床上
32、不眠，Inva cantor inpen sivemood,或心神空茫，或默默沉思，Theyflash upon thatin wardeye 它们常在心灵中闪现，Whichis thebliss ofso litude;那是孤独之中的福祉；Andthen myheart withplea surefills,于是我的心便涨满幸福，Anddan ceswith theda ffodils.和水仙一同翩翩起舞。Notes:1.daffodil:水仙花2.oer:prep.=over3.vale:山谷4.host:(常与of连用)许多，一大群5.goldendaffodil:在英国，水仙花多为黄色
33、，所以这里用“金黄色”来描绘水仙花的颜色 6.fluttering:迎风飘扬7.MilkyWay:银河8.sprightlydance:生机勃勃的舞蹈 9.out-do:胜过，超过10:inglee:欢天喜地11.jocundcompany:欢乐的同伴 12.oft:(古)=often13.pensive:凄凉的，忧愁的14.theblissofsolitude:孤独的幸福 6.Percy Bysshe Shelley（17921822）Ode to the West Wind(下下p.50)Genre of the Poem The ode is a lyric poem of some l
34、ength,dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner and originally intended to be sung.Form of the poem Each of the seven parts of Ode to the West Wind contains five stanzas-four three-line stanzas and a two-line couplet,all metered in iambic pentameter.The rhyme scheme in each part follows a pat
35、tern known as terza rima(三行诗节押韵法),Thus each of the seven parts of Ode to the West Wind follows this scheme:ABA BCB CDC DED EE.Summary Ode to the West Wind is one of Shelleys best known lyrics.The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth,in the sky and on the sea,and then e
36、xpresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind,and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among mankind.ExercisesO wild West Wind,thou breath of Autumns being,Thou,from whose unseen presence the leaves deadAre driven,like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,alliteratio
37、n personificationQuestions:(1)What kind of wind does west wind refer to?Autumn wind.(2)What do these lines describe?The destructive power of the west wind that drives away all the old and rotten things.Wild spirit,which art moving everywhere;Destroyer and Preserver;hear,O hear!(1)What does the wild
38、spirit refer to?wild spirit refers to west wind/autumn wind.(2)Why called it Destroyer and Preserver at the same time?Because west wind buries the dead leaves,the symbol of old rotten society,and also the things,thoughts,or ideas that are dead or obsolete.Meanwhile it prepares for a new spring,and p
39、reserves new life or seeds that will come to life in the spring,the symbol of a new world.(3)Identify the poet and the poem.Ode to the west wind of Percy Shelley.(terza rima)As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.Oh!Lift me as a wave,a leaf,a cloud!I fall upon the thorns of life!I bleed!A heavy
40、 weight of hours has chained and bowed One too like thee:tameless,and swift ad proud.A heavy weight of hours It refers to burdens and pressures of life moral and cultural conventions picked up by individuals in life lessons learned from life experience sufferings and misfortunes in life(1)Explain I
41、fall upon the thorns of life,I bleed“The sentence call Shelleys desire that he couldnt best being fettered to/limited by the humdrum/too ordinary reality of everyday!(2)Can you comprehend the deep emotion contained in the poem?Whats that?In the poem,the west wind has become the poet himself,he wants
42、 to be free,proud and uncontrollable like the wild west wind,to destruct and construct with the strong power like the west wind.(3)The poet was called the the heart of all hearts,he trumpeted the radical prophecy of hope and rebirth.Please write out his classic words.If Winter comes,can Spring be fa
43、r behind?This is of course a rhetorical question because spring does come after winter.The question has a deeper meaning and does not only mean the change of seasons,but is a reference to death and rebirth as well.It illustrates Shelleys critical attitude to the ugly society and can best express She
44、lleys optimistic belief in the bright future of mankind in face of the cold winter,that is the cold society,and the harsh social reality.It may mean that after the struggles and problems in life,there would always be a solution.7.John Keats(1795-1821)Significance 1)The most talented of the English r
45、omantic poets 2)He wrote best odes in English literature 3)The last of the great Romantics 4)The most attractive Romantic figure because of his personal life and his poetry 5)A poet of great beauty 6)A close friend of ShelleysOde on a Grecian Urn(下下p.77)Type of poem:lyric poem Type of lyric poem:ode
46、 Exercise 1:Thou still unravishd bride of quietness,Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,Sylvan historian,who canst thus express A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme (1)Who is the poet?The name?(2)Explain the sentence.(3)What was the theme of the poem?Answer:(1)This is the ode on a Greci
47、an Urn,which was written by the poet-rohn Keats.(2)The sentence means:though time has passed,the urn,the works of the art still remains,and it tells a pastoral/lyrical tale to us,and the description of the urn is much more beautiful than the words of any human.(3)The theme is:Human life is transient
48、,but the art is immortal.Exercise 2:O Attic shape!Fair attitude!With brede As doth eternity:cold pastoral!(1)How do you understand cold pastoral (2)What device is used in the poem?(3)Explain the implication of the poem.At the end of the poem,the poet gave a famous saying,and it is also the theme of
49、the poem,what is that?Answer:(1)Cold pastoral means the lyrical scene on the Grecian urn lacks life and warmth.(2)Contrast.(3)The poet wanted to show the permanence of the art and the transience of human passion presenting his ambivalence/opposing feelings about time and nature of beauty.The saying
50、is Beauty is truth,truth beauty8.Alfred,Lord Tennyson(1809-1892)Significance 1)He was the most prolific poet in the 19th-century English literature.2)He is the most representative Victorian poet.3)His wonderful works show all the qualities of Englands great poets.4)Poet LaureateBreak，Break，Break(下下p