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1、SydneyHarbourBridge Sydney Harbour from the air,showing the Opera House,the CBD,Circular Quay,the Bridge,the Parramatta River,North Sydney and Kirribilli in the foreground.TheSydneyHarbourBridgeisasteelthrougharchbridgeacrossSydneyHarbourthatcarriesrail,vehicular,bicycle,andpedestriantrafficbetweent
2、heSydneycentralbusinessdistrict(CBD)andtheNorthShore.Thedramaticviewofthebridge,theharbour,andthenearbySydneyOperaHouseisaniconicimageofSydney,andAustralia.ThebridgeisnicknamedTheCoathangerbecauseofitsarch-baseddesign.UnderthedirectionofDrJohnBradfieldoftheNSWDepartmentofPublicWorks,thebridgewasdesi
3、gnedandbuiltbyBritishfirmDormanLongandCoLtdofMiddlesbroughandopenedin1932.ThebridgesdesignwasinfluencedbytheHellGateBridgeinNewYorkCity.Itisthesixthlongestspanning-archbridgeintheworldandthetalleststeelarchbridge,measuring134m(440ft)fromtoptowaterlevel.Itwasalsotheworldswidestlong-spanbridge,at48.8m
4、(160ft)wide,untilconstructionofthenewPortMannBridgeinVancouverwascompletedin2012.Name Sydney Harbour Bridge,Australia Owner Roads and Traffic Authority,New South Wales,AustraliaChief Engineer,Public Works Department,New South Wales.John Bradfield supervised the whole project.He campaigned for the br
5、idge,prepared the specifications(but not the final form of the bridge)and oversaw its completion.Design Sir Ralph Freeman,as a consultant to Dorman LongSteel Contractor Dorman Long-the work on site was directed by a Director,Lawrence EnnisWhere Latitude S 33 51 07Longitude E 151 12 40Why Links Sydne
6、y Central District(SCD)with North Shore across the harbour.When 1932What Overall type2 pinned truss archWidthThis bridge is very wide at 49 m.-8 lanes traffic,2 railway lines,a footpath and a bicycle track.Length1149 m.SpansMain span:503 m.Approach spans:North:72.5 m.and 4 of 53.3 m.South:5 of 51.8
7、m.Top of arch134 m above sea levelPylons(not part of structure)Height above water about 88 m.Materials Bridge:Steel but with high tensile steel for the trusses,cross girder flanges and principal lateral bracings.Pylons:Concrete faced with granite.Arch The arch is composed of two 28-panel arch trusse
8、s;their heights vary from 18m(59ft)at the centre of the arch to 57m(187ft)at the ends next to the pylons.The arch has a span of 504m(1,654ft)and its summit is 134m(440ft)above mean sea level;however,expansion of the steel structure on hot days can increase the height of the arch by as much as 18cm(7
9、.1in).Large steel pins(or bearings)support each end of the arch,allowing it to rotate to accommodate expansion and contraction caused by changes of temperature,and avoiding stresses that would otherwise cause damage.The total weight of the steelwork of the bridge,including the arch and approach span
10、s,is 52,800 tonnes(52,000 long tons;58,200 short tons),with the arch itself weighing 39,000 tonnes(38,000 long tons;43,000 short tons).About 79%of the steel was imported from England,with the rest being sourced fromNewcastle.On site,the contractors(Dorman Long and Co.)set up two workshops at Milsons
11、 Point,at the site of the present dayLuna Park,and fabricated the steel into the girdersand other required parts.Pylons At each end of the arch stands a pair of 89m(292ft)high concrete pylons,faced withgranite.The pylons were designed by the Scottish architectThomas S.Tait,a partner in the architect
12、ural firm John Burnet&Partners.Some 250 Australian,Scottish,and Italianstonemasonsand their families relocated to a temporary settlement atMoruya,NSW,300km(186mi)south of Sydney,where theyquarriedaround 18,000m3(635,664cuft)of granite for the bridge pylons.The stonemasons cut,dressed,and numbered th
13、e blocks,which were then transported to Sydney on three ships built specifically for this purpose.The Moruya quarry was managed by John Gilmore,a Scottish stonemason who emigrated,with his young family to Australia in 1924,at the request of the project managers.The concrete used was also Australian-
14、made.Abutmentsat the base of the pylons are essential to support the loads from the arch and hold its span firmly in place,but the pylons themselves have no structural purpose.They were included to provide a frame for the arch panels and to give better visual balance to the bridge.The pylons were not part of the original design,and were only added to allay public concern about the structural integrity of the bridge.