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1、名词分类和名词词组的句法功能 外国语14级1班 蔡秋梅主要内容 一、名一、名词的定的定义 二、名次分二、名次分类三、名三、名词词组和句法功能和句法功能一、名词的定义名名词 (Nouns)(Nouns)：指人、物、事、：指人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等、地、情感、概念等实体或体或抽象事物的抽象事物的词。二、名词分类1 1、简单名名词、复合名、复合名词、派生名、派生名词 简单名名词：包含一个自由：包含一个自由词素的名素的名词，如，如manman、chairchair、landland、shipship、waterwater、gasgas等。等。复合名复合名词：由两个或两个以上自由：由两个或两个以
2、上自由词素合素合成的名成的名词，如，如armchairarmchair、farmlandfarmland、seasideseaside、roommateroommate等。等。派生名派生名词：指由：指由动词、形容、形容词、简单名名词加加词缀构成的名构成的名词，如，如arrangementarrangement、expectationexpectation、abilityability、greatnessgreatness等。等。2、普通名词和专有名词3、可数名词和不可数名词 可数名可数名词有有单、复数形式；不可数名、复数形式；不可数名词一一般没有般没有单、复数之分，但有、复数之分，但有时也可以
3、以复数形也可以以复数形式出式出现，表示不同意，表示不同意义。个体名个体名词都是可数名都是可数名词，有，有单、复数形式，、复数形式，可以可以计数；比如数；比如说a cara car，two carstwo cars，one peachone peach，ten peachesten peaches；集体名集体名词有的可数，有的不可有的可数，有的不可数，比如数，比如说a familya family，two familiestwo families，却不可以，却不可以说a a furniturefurniture，two furniturestwo furnitures；物物质名名词、抽象名、抽象
4、名词和和专有名有名词通常不可以通常不可以计数，从而是不可数名数，从而是不可数名词。普 个体名词 可数通 集体名词 名词名 物质名词 词 抽象名词 不可数名词专有名词注意注意：可数名：可数名词与不可数名与不可数名词的划分的划分关系到名关系到名词与限定与限定词的搭配，也关系的搭配，也关系到主到主语和和谓语动词的一致（主的一致（主谓一致）一致）三、名词词组的句法功能1 1、名、名词词组的的结构模式构模式 （限定（限定词）+（前置修（前置修饰语）+名名词+（后置（后置修修饰语）例如：例如：a a boyboy a little boy a little boy a lovely little boy
5、a lovely little boy a most lovely little boy a most lovely little boy a most lovely little boy at play a most lovely little boy at play a most lovely little boy in red at play a most lovely little boy in red at play名名词词组用途广泛，可以在句子中充当主用途广泛，可以在句子中充当主语、主主语补语、宾语、宾语补语、同位、同位语、介、介词补足成分、状足成分、状语和和连词；但；但不能不能充
6、当充当谓语成分。成分。做主语EgEg：1 1、Children at play Children at play seldom remember what time seldom remember what time it is.it is.2 2、The boys quarrelling over the game The boys quarrelling over the game each each insisted that the other was unfair.insisted that the other was unfair.做主语补语EgEg：1 1、That That w
7、as an attractive little black chairwas an attractive little black chair.2 2、My grandfather My grandfather died a martyr to his died a martyr to his revolutionary idealrevolutionary ideal.做宾语EgEg：1 1、They gave himThey gave him a first-rate education a first-rate education.2 2、In the hall,I saw In the
8、 hall,I saw some extremely valuable some extremely valuable picturespictures.做宾语补语EgEg：1 1、They elected him They elected him chairman of the boardchairman of the board.2 2、The School Board have appointed her The School Board have appointed her superintendent of the citys schoolssuperintendent of the
9、 citys schools.做同位语EgEg：1 1、Mr Brown,Mr Brown,director of the coal minedirector of the coal mine,should be,should be responsible for the accident.responsible for the accident.2 2、Alice,Alice,a professor of the departmenta professor of the department,will be,will be invited to our English evening.inv
10、ited to our English evening.做介词补足成分EgEg：1 1、We teachers should be concerned about We teachers should be concerned about the the students moral culturestudents moral culture.2 2、Within the house nothing stirs,In Within the house nothing stirs,In the garden the garden I I can hear the singing of can h
11、ear the singing of birdsbirds.I can hear the rustle.I can hear the rustle of of their wingstheir wings.做状语和连词EgEg：1 1、He returned He returned last nightlast night.2 2、A photo is taken A photo is taken each time each time this button is this button is pushed.pushed.3 3、She phoned her parents She phoned her parents the moment the moment she she reached the hotel.reached the hotel.