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1、2021-2022学年下期高二年级期末模拟考试 英语试卷说明：本试卷分共120分；完成时间100分钟；试卷分两部分，每卷的 分值；客观题涂在相应的答题卡上、只交答题卡。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)AInstitutions and individuals can subscribe to Journal of Science (JS) either by print or online. Ordering ProceduresBoth institutions and individuals can complete their order fo
2、rm and submit payment to start their print and/or online subscription. Those who choose the print version receive access to the online service as well. They may also subscribe to online-only access to JS. Once the publisher has received payment, the institution or individual will begin receiving the
3、 print journal if they order the print option. They will receive an e-mail with instructions fbr obtaining access to the online edition. The e-mail will direct them to an online form. They will be asked to provide the following information necessary to activate their subscription to JS： Institutions
4、Contact name,title,phone,fax,ind emailCustomer number (received via email) Institutions IP Address (es)IndividualsA username and password that you can easily rememberYour name,phone numbenand email address Your customer number (received via email)With their subscription,they will receive 10 issues p
5、er year of the JS in addition to access to tables of contents,abstracts,fulI text searching,full text display,and PDFs,full access to all posted back content to 1860, for as long as the subscription is active. For institutions,access is limited to computers within a particular set of Internet IP add
6、resses. Individuals will enjoy the advantage of having password access to JS from any device connected to the Internet. Without aPurchasing Individual Issues or Articlessubscription,access to tables of contents and abstracts is available.Cost of SubscriptionsIndividual print+onli ncStudent online- o
7、nlyStudent print+onli neInstitution online-onlyInstitution print-only2022 RatesIndividual online- onlyU.S.$80o$40$5辞。$240$250Forcign$80$35$40S35$240$250+PostagePostage$35 PostageYou can purchase access to individual JS issues or articles. Browse through our current online content or our archive (goi
8、ng back to 1860) , select the article you want access to,and click Add to Cart. You will be prompted to create an account at this time if you dont already have one. Purchases can be made by visiting our online store:. ustore. edu/js. 21. What is the procedure for online-only subscription?complete an
9、 order form receive an email with instructions activate the subscription submit paymentA. B.C.D. 22. How much does it cost a student in Beijing to subscribe to both print and online versions of JS 2022? A. $80. B. $85. C. $90. D. $125.23. What can we learn from the passage ?A. Those who subscribe to
10、 the print version have no access to online service.B. Individual articles are not available unless you make a yearly subscription.C. There is no limit on Internet IP addresses for either institutions or individuals.D. People have access to tables of contents and abstracts even without subscription.
11、BI grew up in Algeria and as a female, Ive had to pay an extra price throughout my scientific journey as a result. I knew studying abroad would be key to my success, so I was extremely excited when I won a scholarship to attend a British university for graduate school. But there was one condition: I
12、 needed to take an English test. I was fluent in Arabic and French, the languages spoken in Algeria, but I didnt have a solid grasp of English. I learned it hard but didnt score high enough lo secure entrance. I had to stay in Algeria to complete a masters degree instead. Bui I kept learning English
13、 on my own. Two years later, I earned a Ph. D. scholarship to study in Switzerland.Midway through my Ph. D., a professor remarked, uYou are quite productive, but why dont you publish in the regular journals in our field?” Shocked, I responded, uWhat do you mean by regular joumals?M He gave a few exa
14、mples of all journals dominated by researchers from the Global North. I had been publishing my papers in specialized, low-impact journals. That was counted as a great achievement in my home country, where even professors struggle to get published. Now, I realized that the scientific accomplishments
15、abroad I was proud of were regarded as below average at best. The professors comment heartened me to adjust my research to address issues of broader interest. By the time I graduated, I had started publishing in so-called “regular journals, which helped me land a postdoctoral degree in Canada.I told
16、 all this to ihe members of my lab, adding that they were privileged to grow up speaking English and have access to tremendous expertise and funding. Facing global inequities, Tve started to try using a preprint server to integrate an English language proofing (校对)system into its platform, which wou
17、ld connect authors who need language help. Wc can take steps to make the global scientific community more inclusive. And I want to be part of that push for change.24. Why was the author unable to go to a British university?A. She didnt learn English. B. She failed the English test.C. She lacked a ma
18、sters degree. D. She got the lowest entrance score.25. What does the author think of the comment of the professor in Switzerland?A. Confusing. B. Heartless. C. Regular. D. Inspiring. 26. Whats the aim of the preprint server?A. To aid those who need help with language.B. To make the global community
19、more inclusive.C. To set up a platform where English authors write.D. To establish an English language proofing system. 27. Which words can best describe the author?A. Honest and athletic.B. Humble and considerate.C. Strong-willed and positive. D. Energetic and sympathetic.CIn autumn 2021, as leader
20、s from across the globe gathered on Glasgow to talk about the impact of human-caused climate change, a group of artists, architects and researchers in Australia came a way to document the planets end by storing data in a massive metal stone in Tasmania. Known as Earths Black Box, the project, equal
21、parts art installation and time capsule, aims to document the physical changes caused by global warming and humanitys geopolitical response to them.The installations name is a nod to a common aviation practice. The commercial airplane and private aircraft are equipped with a “black box，a mechanism t
22、hat automatically logs important flight details like altitude, airspeed and equipment functionality. These boxes, which are usually bright orange rather than black, are designed to withstand extreme temperatures as well as immense amounts of force and pressure. They are sometimes the only objects th
23、at survive a plane crash intact, allowing investigators to reconstruct a timeline of what went wrong in the aftermath.Earths Black Box draws inspiration from these mechanisms. The vault （穹顶）will be made from specially designed, 3-inch-thick reinforced steel, chosen for its resistance to fire and wat
24、er damage as well as its toughness and firmness. Along with the University of Tasmania and a collective of artists, an Australian communications firm plans to build the 33-loot-long vault in a remote part of western Tasmania. They chose the location for its relative geological and geopolitical stabi
25、lity. Unlike an airplanes flight recorder, however, Earths Black Box is not meant to withstand total planetary destruction. If Earth were to somehow expkxle, for instance, it probably wouldnt survive. Instead, the artists and data scientists behind the project think of it as a way to log the progres
26、sion of Earths current ecological collapse, which is already profoundly changing the environment.“At its core, the box is intended to be a symbol of the disastrous situation we find ourselves in,“ says Curtis, an expert on the project.44And more importantly, ils intended to hold our leaders to accou
27、nt by being an unmissable structure that reminds them that their actions or inaction will be recorded for generations to comc. 28. What is the purpose of Earths Black Box?A. To keep a record.B. To perform monitoring.C. To handle downloads. D. To make predictions.29. What does the underlined word “in
28、tact in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Bright and colorful.B. Inactive and disconnected.C. Complete and undamaged. D. Important and multifunctional.3(). How is the steel used to build the Earths Black Boxs vault?A. Leaky, (ough and firm. B. Hot, breakable and explosive.C. Water-resistant, heat-resisti
29、ng and solid. D. Damp, physically stable and eco-friendly. 31. What is the best title for the text?A. Global Leaders Arc Aiming at Global WarmingB. Human-caused Climate Change Is Having a Big ImpactC. Earths Black Box Can Save Us from Disastrous SituationsD. Earths Black Box Warns of Its End Due to
30、Climate ChangeDMicroplastics-tiny pieces of plastic waste less than five millimetres long that have been degraded by waves,wind and ultraviolet rays-have been discovered in the deepest oceanic trenches and within the stomachs of the organisms that live thcrc,but wc have little idea about where the g
31、reat majority of them end up. More than eight million tonnes of plastic enters our oceans every year,comprising between 80 and 85 percent of all marine trash,but with inadequate data,there are concerns (hat these figures could be underestimates.Currently,most of the data we have on microplastics are
32、 accidentally captured by research ships, which use plankton 浮游生物 nets to collect marine-microorganismsamples. However,researchers Christopher Ruf and Madeline Evans from the University of Michigan have discovered an innovative way to identify and track concentrations of microplastics in the ocean.T
33、he technique relies on NASAs Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) , a constellation 星座 of eight micro-satellites used to predict hurricanes that calculate wind speeds above the ocean by measuring the roughness of surface walers. As the satellites arc continuously rccording,Ruf and Eva
34、ns realised that they collect a great deal of additional data. It was while analysing these data that they noticed some differences times where the surface of the ocean appeared to be much smoother than il should,given the prevailing wind(盛 行风)conditions.Knowing that water isnt roughened as much whe
35、n it contains a lot of floating material,Ruf and Evans identified a pattern that linked areas of unusual smoothness and predicted microplastic distributions. They found that the difference between their measurements,and how much rougher the surface would be if winds of the same speed were blowing ac
36、ross clear watenwas highly correlated with the presence of microplastics,and the degree of the difference also correlated with the concentration of the plastics.”The research reveals that there are seasonal variations,where the concentrations of microplastics tend to be higher in the summer and lowe
37、r in the winter in a very clean,periodic way,which Ruf explains mirrors the way in which the ocean circulation changes throughout the year. It also confirms,as was previously thoughtjhat rivers are the main source of ocean microplastics.Raising awareness of the issue of ocean microplastics among the
38、 public and politicians is just one of the researchersfuture aims： they are also in conversation with Dutch non-profit The Ocean Cleanup and Finnish clcan-tcchnology specialist Clcwat,which arc interested in using the information to more efficiently target their trash-collection campaigns.So far,onl
39、y one years worth of data have been processed since CYGNSS was launched in 2016. By looking at a longer time period,Ruf and Evans aim to determine whether the seasonal pattern is repeatable,and whether （he concentration of microplastics in the ocean is getting worse.32. What is Paragraph 1 mainly ab
40、out?A. The limited knowledge about ocean microplastics.B. The harm of ocean microplastics to sea creatures.C. The methods of degrading ocean microplastics.D. The previous research on ocean microplastics.33. According to the passage,CYGNSS.A. has offered data about the repeatable seasonal patternguid
41、es research ships to gather data about sea animalsB. provides unexpected data about the changes of sea surfacewas designed to measure the distribution of ocean microplastics34. What can we learn from the passage?A. Microplastics will end up in the stomachs of the ocean organisms.B. Microplastics pla
42、y a vital role in the yearly ocean circulation changes.C. The surface of the ocean can get smoother with more microplastics in it.D. The new way of tracking microplastics has helped prevent ocean pollution.35. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the technology of CYGNSS.B. To pre
43、sent a way to study ocean microplastics.C. To test an assumption on ocean microplastics.D. To propose a new means of protecting the ocean.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。Picture lhis:youve just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish
44、,when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat. 36 And then the next thing you know,an hour has gone by while that big report sits,ignored,on your desk.So how does that happen?To understand ihis,wc conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people. Through this research,we identified
45、three factors:the amount of media the person has already viewed,the similarity of the media theyve viewed,and the manner in which they viewed the media.We found the order and types of content we consume can affect our decision to keep consuming similar content.But what drives this effect? 37 When so
46、mething feels more accessiblejt becomes easier to process,leading us to enjoy it more.These results also explain why its so easy to get distracted by apps on social media at work. 38 They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row.They often automatically
47、suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos,reducing the potential fbr interruptions.39 To fight the pull,make an effort to just watch one video.If you really want to watch multiple in a row,choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social me
48、dia timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time,or even just consciously remind yourself to consume different kinds of content.So,if youre struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole,try to find ways to reduce the similarity,repetitiveness,and relatedness of the content youre consuming. 40 Once you manage to break free,youll be back at that big report in no time.A.It can be difficulLbut its not impossible.B.You figure youll just take a few minutes to watch them.C. Accessibility refers to how familiar a given kind of content feels.D.These platforms are designed to trap vie