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1、【词汇积累】英语习语在高考真题中的考查习语(idiom)是语言中的某些局部经过长期反复使用后自然沉积形成的短语或短句， 包括比喻性词组(metaphorical phrase) 俚语(slang) 俗语(colloquialism) 谚语(proverb) 等。在结构上，构成习语的单词不可任意变换；在逻辑上，习语的意义通常并非单词意义的 简单组合。掌握一定的习语有助于扫除阅读理解中的障碍，增强写作中语言的表现力。今天 我们来看看以往高考真题中对英语习语的考查。阅读以下句子或语段，写出划线局部习语的含义。1. get the ball rollingBut the phrase penny pa
2、per“ caught the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for the man on the street did not begin well. Some of the early ventures (企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful
3、papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.2. go a long wayTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. There ar
4、e a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3. hands downOf course, not only are today5 s top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fa
5、shion are themselves Chinese. Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales J adds Hill.4. have a way withMonkeys seem to have a way with numbers.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys w
6、ould go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.5. keep tabs onIn fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in f
7、ilmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year.6. make ends meetAround twenty years ago I was living in York. Though I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree, I could not find satisfying work.I was driving a school bus to make ends meet and living with a friend o
8、f mine, for I had lost my flat.7. mean businessMaurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned.8. off the hookThe unwilling parent organizes the m
9、eal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.9. on cloud nine“I
10、 didnt hear them call my name,“ explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens (AT) as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004. “Are you ready?” is what she heard. Then she said, “I shook my head no, and then they said yes and it was announ
11、ced again.It was four days after that life-changing moment for the seventeen-year-old high school student from Destrehan, Louisiana一she was still on cloud nine.10. pipe dreamThere are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orl
12、eans Reinstate, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.11. rain or shine.but the best part-particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables-was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers
13、 market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets.12. turn the tablesSome plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others
14、 do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.13. tug at the heartstringsShe may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at
15、 the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on. At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, Alright. Yes, Ill do it.”【参考答案】.选文提到，便士报的开展过程并不顺利，对于已成功的报纸，它们的出版商并无多少改 变原有商业传统的欲望，便士报作为一种新商业模式，是在年轻、大胆商人的
16、推动下才开 始实施的。答案：开始某种活动，开始某事拓展：set/start the ball rolling开始某种活动，开始某事 keep the ball rolling 使活动继续1 .选文指出，真正的创造力是用己有事物创造新事物的能力，我们要给孩子思考的空间， 尝试用现有材料制造新东西对提高孩子的创造力很有帮助。答案：（对做某事）大有帮助，很有作用拓展：come a long way取得巨大进展；获得很多成就.选文提到，三名中国籍的设计师与三名外国同行展开较量，且在设计与销量上打败了对 方。这三名中国设计师是当代顶尖的时尚设计师，所以他们战胜对方并没怎么费力。答案：轻而易举地，毫不费力
17、地该习语源自赛马，如果骑手已经遥遥领先，明知自己必胜无疑，那他就不必动手扬鞭策马。 拓展：此外，该习语还可表示“明显地；无疑地”。2 .选文指出，数百次实验中，猴子在一半以上的实验中选中了更高的数值（在实验中，猴 子选择的数字或数字组合越大，得到的奖励就越多），这说明它们具备一定的计算与比拟 能力。答案：善于应付，善于处理，有方法对付拓展：cut both/two ways两面都说得通或行得通；有利也有弊.选文介绍的是一个非营利组织监控动物在拍摄过程中受到的待遇，画线习语实为“监控” 的同义表述。答案：关注，监视，密切注意拓展：keep an eye on照看，留神，留意.选文提到，作者虽有大
18、量经验与硕士文凭，但仍找不到满意的工作，只得靠开校车勉强 谋生。答案：糊口，使收支相抵，勉强维持生计拓展：make both ends meet糊口，使收支相抵，勉强维持生计.选文提到，莫里斯阿什利与自己的学生是校友，他很看重这份工作，清楚地告知学生 拿到课程学分并非易事。答案：是认真的，说话算数拓展：funny/monkey business胡闹，恶作剧，骗人把戏.选文指出，有位家长将后勤工作安排得很好，教练能安心训练孩子们，其他家长那么因无 须操心下个赛季的事情如释重负。答案：摆脱困境，逃避惩罚拓展：by hook or by crook千方百计地，不择手段地.选文提到，雪莱亨尼格赢得了
19、2004年度“美国妙龄小姐”荣誉称号。对她而言，这是 一个令人激动的时刻，也是一个改变人生的时刻，以至于在获奖四天之后，她依然特别开 心。答案：高兴极了，异常兴奋，乐不可支该习语的原有形式为on cloud seven,这可能与the seventh heaven （极乐世界）的说法有 关。在美国气象术语中，有cloud nine一词，意指第九类云，即“夏季的积雨云”。因为 nine 大于 seven,所以人们逐渐用 on cloud nine 代替 on cloud seven 了。拓展：a nine days9 wonder昙花一现；轰动一时的人或事。3 .选文指出，Orleans Rei
20、nstate是味道最好的苹果品种之一，但对温度、天气、土壤的要 求非常高。因此，对于大多数苹果爱好者而言，种植这种苹果只是一个无法实现的梦想 罢了。答案：白日梦，幻想，空想.选文提到，萨拉索塔农贸市场建于1979年，该市场每周六早上7点到下午1点营业， 风雨无阻。答案：无论晴雨，不管天气好坏，无论如何，在任何情况下拓展：rain cats and dogs大雨滂沱，大雨倾盆.选文指出，有些植物会释放出香味，它们的天敌会被香味吸引而来，此时攻击者反而沦 为被攻击的对象。答案：扭转局面，反败为胜，转而占上风拓展：under the table偷偷地，私下地，非法地；烂醉的，酩酊大醉的.选文提到，作者认为有必要给这位家长做下思想工作，所以决定用真情实感打动她，并 最终说服了对方。答案：触动心弦，让人产生怜悯之心拓展：tug at the heartstrings 的同义短语为 pull at the heartstringstug of war拔河比赛，斗争，激烈的争夺