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1、精品_精品资料_中学英语语法时态归纳语法归纳：一般现在时一般现在时表示常常性或习惯性的动作.其动词形式是： 动词原形 只有第三人称单数作主语时除外,要加 -s 其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或 does .1) 确定句用实义动词的原形：They get up very early every morning.他们每天早晨起来很早.2) 否定句用 dont + 动词原形：We do not go shopping on Sundays.我们周日不去购物.3) 一般疑问句：Do they go to school at seven oclock. 他们七点去上学吗 .-Yes, they do.
2、/- No, they don t.时间词： often常常, always总是, sometimes有时, usually通常, on Sundays每个星期天,every day/ week/ morning每天 / 周/早上等.留意：句子中没有表示时间的词时,我们就认为这个句子是一般现在时.如： He usually goes to school by bike.通常他骑车上学.I visit my grandparents every week.我每个星期都去看祖父母.My parents and I sometimes go out to eat.我和父母有时出去吃饭.当主语为第三人
3、称单数的一般现在时态,谓语动词也要是第三人称单数,后要加-s 或-es .如： He likes reading at night.他喜爱夜里读书.She usually goes to school by bike.她平常骑车上学.The little cat drinks milk every day.小猫每天都喝牛奶.1 】转换成否定句要加doesnt,其后的动词用原形.Kellydoesntget up early on Saturdays and Sundays.凯丽星期六星期天起床不早.2 】转换成一般疑问句,句首用Does ,其后的动词用原形.Does he have lunch
4、 at school.他在学校吃午饭吗 .原形动词结尾情形现在时单三人称现 在分词过去式和过去分词一般情形+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o结尾辅音字母 +y 结尾+esy i,+es+ing+ing+edy i,+ed重读闭音节一元一辅+s双写辅音字母,+ing双写辅音字母 ,+ed结尾不发音的 e 结尾+s去掉 e,+ing+die 结尾+sie y,+ing+d【1】规章动词变化表：规就变化不规就变化have has.be is无见下面的不规章动词变化表 留意：在加 ing 或 ed 时动词假如以“ r”结尾 ,尾音节又重读的动词 ,“ r”应双写. ed 的读音规章：在清辅音后读
5、 t.在浊辅音后和元音后读 d .在 t、 d 后读 id.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_s/e的s iz.读音规章：在清辅 s音.后在读浊辅音后和元 z音.后在读s、 F 、 z 、tF 、dV后读可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2不规章动词变化 原表形：过去式过去分词beam,iswasbeenloselostlost bearewerebeenmakemademade beatbeatbeatenmaymightbecomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeantbeginbeganbegunm
6、eetmetmet blowblewblownmistakemistookmistaken breakbrokebrokenmustmustbringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuiltbuiltputputput buyboughtboughtreadreadRead cancouldrideroderidden catchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendi
7、gdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnsetsetsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshoulddrivedrovedrivenshineshoneshoneeatateeatenshowshowedshownfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungfindfoundfoundsinkflyflewflownsitsank/sunksunk/sunken setsetforgetforgotforgot/forgotten sleepsleptslept
8、freezefrozefrozensmellsmeltsmelt getgotgotspeakspokespoken givegavegivenspendspentspent gowentgonespillspiltspilt growgrewgrownspoilspoiltspoilt hanghung/hangehdung/hangedstand stood stoodhavehashadhadsweepsweptswept hearheardheardswimswamswum hidehidhiddentaketooktaken hithithitteachtaughttaught ho
9、ldheldheldtelltoldtold hurthurthurtthinkthoughtthought keepkeptkept throw threw thrownknowknewknownunderstandunderstoodunderstood可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_laylaidlaidwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedlearn leavelendlearnt/learned leftlentlearnt/learned leftlentwear willwinwore wouldwonwornwonletletletwritewrot
10、ewittenlielaylain语法归纳：一般将来时【1】 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作.【2】时间词：1. 表示将来的时间状语：tomorrow明天, next year明年, from now on从现在起, in a month一个月之后, in the future将来,等.2. 包含现在的时间状语：today今日, this evening今日晚上, this week这个星期, this month这个月, this year今年,等.如： Will you be at home at seven this evening.今晚七点你会在家吗 .【3】其结构：1) Wi
11、ll /shall+动词原形 .（ shall用于第一人称疑问句,其它人称都用will .） 否定： will not=wont. shall not=shant例如： Will you be at home at seven this evening.今晚七点回家好吗 .2) be going to +动词原形 .（一般表示人的主观想法将要去做某事）例如： What are you going to do tomorrow.明天准备作什么了 .3) 现在进行时表将来时 .以下动词的现在进行时表示将来时：go , come , fly , leave , start , begin , fin
12、ish , arrive , end等如： she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.她明天要去武汉.语法归纳：一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生了的事情.一、时间词：yesterday, this morning, just now刚才,in 1970 , last night / year / week, a moment ago 刚才 , in May （五月已经过去了） , once upon a time从前 , the other day那几天（那几天已经过去了） , before , when当的时候, in the past在过去,等.如： Wh
13、at did you do yesterday.昨天你干了什么 .I met Lin Tao this morning.今日上午我会到了林涛.I was there a moment ago.刚才我在那儿如： We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩.三、 一般过去时的动词变化：动词的过去式变化原就：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(1) 在以字母 e 结尾的动词后,只加-d .如： like liked, provideprovided, hate hated, date dated .(2) 在以 “
14、辅音字母 +y”结尾的动词后,就改y 为 i,再加 ed .如： supply supplied, fly flied,study studied. from (3) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最终一个辅音字母, 再加 -ed .如： plan planned, refer referred, regret regretted, ban banned.(4) 一般在动词后加 -ed .如：play played, offer offered, weigh weighed, destroy destroyed, sign signed.语法归纳：现在进行时
15、现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作.【1 】其结构：be am, is, are+V.ing beam, is, are +not+V.ing【2 】时间词：now现在,以 look, listen开头的句子,或上下文提示.如： They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球.如： Listen.She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌.【3 】动词 V+ing ：现在分词的变法有1 、以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加上 -ing.swimming,cut
16、cutting, put putting ,stop stopping, forget forgetting, begin beginning ,仍有： run ,shop ,win , get, beg 恳求, prefer ,等.2 、以 ie 结尾的词,将 ie 变为 y 再加 ing .lie 躺 lying . die 死, tie 拴、系上,等.3 、以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词,先去e,再加 -ing.take taking, leave leaving ,write writing, have having.4 、一般在动词词尾加上-ing .jump jumping ,go
17、going, pushing pushing, play playing.语法归纳：现在完成时现在完成时表示过的完成的动作对现在产生的影响.1、构成：“助动词 have /has+动词过去分词 ”.助动词 have/has可以与主语缩写.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如： I have I v.eWe have Weve. He has Hes . It has It.s可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_规章变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样.不规章变化的动词过去分词见表.2、句型：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如： I have had lunc
18、h.我已经吃过午饭了.He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了.如： Has he gone to Beijing.他去过北京了没有 . Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. 否定回答仍可以用： No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等.3、三个懂得.【1】标志词：如： Have you had lunch. Yes, I have. Ievjust had it.你吃过午饭没 . 有,吃过了,我刚刚吃的. 影响及结果：我现在饱了,不需要了如： He has already gone to Beijing.他已
19、经去北京了. 影响及结果：他人现在不在这里了留意：该用法常用 already已经 , never 从不 , ever 曾经 , yet 仍旧 , just 刚刚 , before以前 等副词作状语 连用.警告： already, just多用于确定陈述句.already有时会显现于句末,有时already可以用于疑可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_问句 如： She has already finished her work.她早已干完了活.警告： yet 一般用于疑问句 译为：已经 或否定句 译为：仍 ,常放在句末.如： Have you got ready yet.你已经预备
20、好了吗 . He hasn t finished his homework yet.他仍可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_没完成作业.警告： before一般位于句末.如： I have never seen the film before.以前我从未看过那部电影.【2】 段时间词： 与 for + 一段时间连用,表示多长时间.如： He has learned English for two years.他已经学习两年英语了.I have been here for three days.我在这里已经 3 天了. 与 since + 时间词,表示自 以来 .Since1991
21、（自 1991 年以来） .since half an hour ago（自半个小时前） .since three weeks ago.（自三个星期以前）.since they came过去时态to China.（自从他们来到中国后）.等.如： I ve had a cold since last Friday.自上星期五起我就感冒了.如： I ve known her since I came to work here.自从我来这里工作就熟悉他了. 过去多次动作到现在的积存.如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次.Wevelearnt five Eng
22、lish songs this year.今年我们学了五首英语歌曲.How many pages of the book have you read.这本书你读了多少页了.【3 】非连续性动词：(1) 有一些动词是瞬时动词, 也叫非连续性动词, 这些动词一发生就终止了, 常见的有： come, go, arrive, reach, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等. 这些动词的动作不能连续,因此不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用. 即 不能用【 2】中的段时间词 .如要解决这一问题,就应把
23、它改为相应的连续性动词或短语,主要有以下几种：非连续性动词 也叫终止性动词 ：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用相应的连续性动词：如： buy have. borrow keep. come/go/become be. put on wear .catch a cold have a cold . begin-havehason.等.转换成 be+ 名词：如： join be a member of. go to school be a student. 等.转换成 be+ 形容词或副词：如： .die -havehasbeen dead. die be dead . leav
24、e be away. begin be on . finish可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ be over. stop-havehasbeen ove.rup. close closed. 等.转换成 be+ 介词短语：fall asleep be asleep. open be open. get up be可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_come to/go to/arrive in at/get to/reach be in/a.t队等.join the army be in the army 军可编辑资
25、料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如： 1. 】 他的狗死了 3 天了. His dog has been dead for three days.It is three days since his dog died. His dog died three days ago.2. 】 I have borrowed the book.我已经借了那本书.I have kept the book for two days.我已经借那本书两天了.3. 】Jim has joined the band.吉姆已经加入那乐队了.Jim has been a member of the band f
26、or a month.吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了.4. 】His grandfather has died.他祖父已经死了.His grandfather has been dead for 2 years.他祖父已经死了两年了.5. 】My father has arrived in China.我父亲已经到达中国了.My father has been in China for a week.我父亲已经在中国一个星期了.警告：留意：在否定句中,非连续性动词也可以与段时间词连用.如： Jimhasnt come back for a year.吉姆已有一年没回来了.如： I haven t
27、 borrowedbooks from the library since last year.自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书.【4 】句型转换：现在完成时可以转化成一般过去时,仍可以转化成“It is/has been +时间段 +since从句 用一般过去时 ”等句型.如： Jim has been back for a month.吉姆已经回来一个月了.= Jim came back a month ago.吉姆一个月前就回来了.= It is（ /has been） a month since Jim came back.自吉姆回来已经有一个月了.如： I have kept the
28、 book for two days.= I borrowed the book two days ago.= It is （ / has been） two days since I borrowed the book.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_【5 】现在完成时和一般过去时的区分：现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响.标志词是： already, yet, just, ever, never, several times几次, before, so far迄今为止 , for + 时间段 , since +时间点或从句,等.一般过去时强调发生动作已经终止了,对现在
29、没有影响.凡有过去的时间词的句子,都必需用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时.语法归纳：过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去 past-in-the-past ”.一、概念：过去完成时过去时现在进行时-|- |-|-过去完成时过去时现在进行时构成：由 “助动词had +过去分词 ”构成, 其中 had通用于各种人称.如： They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.如： She had finished writing the composition by 10： 0
30、0 this morning.二、判定依据：【1】 时间词：1. by +过去的时间点.如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.2. by the end of +过去的时间点.如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.3. before +过去的时间点.如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.【2 】 由“过去的过去 ”来判定
31、.过去完成时表示 “过去的过去 ”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时.这种用法常显现在： 1 宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时.在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句.如： She said that she had seen the film before. 2 状语从句中,在时间、条件、缘由、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时.如： When I go
32、t to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_留意： 如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时, 雨已经停了. 主句的动作发生在“过去的过去 ”留意：如： He told me that he had written a new book. had written发生在 told之前 语法归纳：过去进行时过去进行时,是表示过去某个详细时刻正在做的动作.
33、一结构： was/were +V.ing 现在分词 二用法：【1】常用的时间词： this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten lastevening, when, while整个,等.例如：1We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视.(2) What was he researching all day last Sunday.上周日他一成天都在讨论什么.(3) My brother fell while
34、he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来,受伤了.(4) It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨.(5) When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.当我到达山顶的时候, 阳光辉煌.【2】. 时间点：过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情.时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示.如： What was she doing at nine oclock yesterd
35、ay.昨天晚上九点她在做什么. 介词短语表示时间点 When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我观察他的时候他正在装饰房间.when从句表示时间点 【3 】. 由 while引导的复合句中,主从句的动词都可用过去进行时.例如： While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报.两个动作都是连续的 He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭. 两个动作同时进行 【4 】、通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有
36、：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have 拥有 , hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose,understand, want, wish等.语法归纳：过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作,也就是“立足过去,着眼将来 ”.一、结构：“would +动词原形 ”或“was / were going to +动词原形 ”来表示.例如： Mary told me that she would go to Shan
37、ghai by plane.玛丽告知我说她将要坐飞机去上海.二、用法：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. 用“was / we re going to +动词原形 ”, “was / were about to +动词原形 ”表示将来的动作或状态.如： She told me she was going to fly to Yunnan.I was about to leave the house when the telephone rang.2. 过去进行时态有时可用来表示过去将来.come, go, arrive, leave, die等瞬时动词,用在过去进行时态中表示
38、过去将来.如： He said the train was leaving at five the next morning.如： He asked me if I would stay here.他问我是否要待在这儿.如： She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan.她告知我们她将要去云南.3. 从句中.1 when的从句：如： No one knew when he was going to finish his homework.没有人知道他什么时候会完成作业.2 that的从句： was/ were about to +动词原形如： He s
39、aid that they were to leave at six.他说他们将于 6 点动身.She said that the meeting was about to begin.她说会议就要开头了另外,警告 ：留意：【 1】形容词 / 副词+enough,enough+名词.如： old enough 足够老 ; slowly enough 足够慢 ; enough water 足够的水.【2】复合不定代词 +形容词, 如：something interesting好玩的东西 .I have something important to tell you . 我有重要的事情告知你 .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载