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1、精品_精品资料_中学英语语法八大时态一一般现在时1. 结构确定句式 : 主语+动词原形 /动词的第三人称单数 +其他否定句式 : 主语+（助动词） dont/doesnt +动词原形 +其他一般疑问句式 : Do/Does+主语+动词原形 +其他简略回答 : 肯Yes,主语+do/does否No,主语+do/does not缩写形式 :dont = do notdoesnt = does not例句： He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2. 用法1） 表示常常的
2、、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用.常用的频度副词有： always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week day, year, month,once a week, on Sundays频. 度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后.例如: He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2） 表示主语具备的性格、特点和才能等.例如： All my family love footbal
3、l .My sister is always ready to help others .Ann writes good English but does not speak well.3表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象.例如： The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.4） 表示按方案或支配好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来.但只限于 start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take plac等e .例如： The train leaves at six
4、 tomorrow morning.He comes back tonight.5） 在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作.例如： Ill tell him the news when he comes back.If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.二一般过去时态1. 结构确定句式 : 主语+动词过去式 +其他否定句式 : 主语+（助动词） didn t动+词原形 +其他一般疑问句式 : Did+ 主语+动词原形 +其他简略回答 : 肯Ye
5、s,主语+did否No,主语+did not可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be 动词was/were+notwas/were提前,放于句首行为动词didnt+do动词原形）Did+ 主语+do（动词原形）2. 用法1） 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情形.常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, lastweekyear, night, month ,
6、at the age of 5, one day, once upon a t等im连e 用例如： Where did you go just now.After a few years, she started to play the piano.2） 表示在过去,常常或反复发生的动作.常与often,always 等表示频度的副词连用.例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候,常在公路上踢足球.3） 一般过去式也可与 today,this week,this month,this year等
7、表现在时间状语连用,但这些时间状语须指过去的时间,决不包含 “现在 ”“此时此刻 ”的意思.例如： Did you see him today.今日你观察他了吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_三一般将来时1. 结构结构 1：确定句式：主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形 +其他否定句式：主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形 +not+其他一般疑问句式：助动词Will+ 主语+动词原形 +其他简洁回答：在口语中, will 在名词或代词后常缩为 ,llwii not 常简缩为 won.t可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时（ I 和 we
8、）时,常用助动词 shall.例如： Shell go to play basketball.Shall we go to the zoo.结构 2：确定句式：主语 +be going to +动词原形 +其他否定句式：主语 +be not going to +动词原形 +其他一般疑问句式： Be+主语+going to+动词原形 +其他简略回答：（肯） Yes,主语+be（否） No,主语+be not2. 用法1）表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow,next dayweek, month, year , soon, in a few minutes, by, t
9、he day after tomo等rro连w用.例如： Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. 2）、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和估计,通常用于be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think 等后面的从句或与副词 perhaps,possibly,maybe 等连用.例如： I think shell go back home for supper.Maybe she ll go to the gym.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_将来时其他表示法1） be going t
10、o 表示将来表示说话人的准备、方案、支配或依据迹象判定必定或很可能发生的事情.例如： What are you going to do tomorrow.The play is going to be produced next month.留意： be going to 和 will 之间的区分.在时间上： be going to 通常表示立刻要发生或相当快就要发生的事情.而will 不指明任何详细时间,可以指遥远的将来.He is going to be better. He will be better.方案/暂时：两者都表示意图时, be going to 含有预先方案、预备的意思.
11、will 就指未经过预先思考或方案,是暂时的一种打算. What are you going to do next Sunday. Im going to go fishing. Where is the telephone book. Illgo and get it for you.两者都用于猜测时, be going to 意指有迹象说明某件事将要发生,属客观的估计.will 就意指说话人认为 /信任某件事将要发生,属主观的估计.在条件状语从句中, be going to 表将来,will 表意愿.例如： If you are going to make a journey, youd
12、better get ready for it as soon as possible.Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.2） “ beto+动词原形”表示客观支配或受人指示而将要做某事.例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.3） be about to + 动词原形,意为立刻做某事.不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用,多于 when 引导的时间状语连用.例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.四现在进
13、行时1. 结构：am/is/are+动词的现在分词2. 用法：1）表示现在（指说话人说话时） 正在发生或进行动作. 常与 now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days 等时间状语连用 .注：假如句首有警示性动词 look、listen 等,主句的动词也与现在进行时连用.例如： We are waiting for you now.Listen. The bird is singing in the tree.2）.表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内）,始终在进行的活动.说话时动作未必正在进行.例如： Mr. Green is wr
14、iting another novel.他在写另一部小说.（说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态.）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他始终在考虑这个问题.3）.表示反复发生的动作或连续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观颜色.例如： You are always changing your mind.4）.表示尚未完成的渐变过程,这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等.例如： The l
15、eaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.5）、表示移位的动词,如 go,come,leave,start,arrive 等,其现在进行时可表将来.例如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了.The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了.注：不能用进行时态的动词类别举例感官类 See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel感觉类 Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer 认知类 Believe,think,underst
16、and,forget,remember 存在类 Appear,exist,lie,remain占有、从属类 Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of短暂动作类 Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish五现在完成时1. 结构：确定句：主语+助动词 have（has）+动词过去分词 -ed否定句： 主语+助动词 have（has）+nothaven t,hasn动词t过+去分词 -ed一般疑问句： HaveHas+ 主语+动词过去分词 -ed+？特别疑问句： 疑问词+havehas+ 主语+动词过去分
17、词 -ed+？2. 用法含义：现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在仍存在.1） 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如 already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等Mr. Wang has just come back from America.王先生刚从美国回来. I haven t seen much of him recentlylately.We have seen that film before.Have they found the m
18、issing child yet.现在完成时中的时间状语： already 通常用于确定句中,意为已经,位于行为动词之前, be 动词、助动词之后.有时可放在疑问句句尾,表示惊奇.例如： We have already cleaned the classroom.Have you finished it already？yet 用于疑问句中表示已经.用于否定句中,表示仍没.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例如： Has he found his watch ye？t No, not yet.是, 仍没有.他仍没找到他的表吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ ev
19、er 意为曾经, 常用于疑问句或否定句中,位于助动词和过去分词之间,表示从过去到目前为止的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_时间.例如： Have you ever been ther？e你曾经去过那里吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Nothing has ever happened here.这里未曾发生过什么事. never 意为（曾经）从未、没有 , 是否定副词,在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间.ever 与否定词not 连用相当于 never.例如：I haven t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken t
20、o her我. 从未跟她讲过话. just 意为刚刚 , 用于现在完成时 , 表示行为刚刚过去 , 位于助动词与过去分词之间.e.g. He has just come back from schoo他l. 刚从学校回来. just now 意为刚才 , 表示过去某时 , 用于一般过去时 , 位于句首或句尾均可.e.g. He came from school just now他. 刚才从学校回来.for 和 since的用法及区分. for 与一段时间连用, since 与时间点连用.留意： since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子.e.g. I have been to Shangh
21、ai twice since 1970. I haven t seen her since she left Shanghai.I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her. have/has gone t、o have/has been to和 have/has been in区分.have/ has gone to去了,在去某的的路上或在某的 , 人仍未回来have/ has been to曾经去过 , 人已经回来了have/ has been in已经在, 常与一段时间连用e.g. She has been to Sh
22、anghai before.她以前曾去过上海.She has been in Shanghai for ten years.她在上海 10 年了.Has he gone to Qingdao.他去青岛了吗？但不能说Have you gone to Qingdao.2） 、现在完成时仍可用来表示过去发生的动作始终连续到现在,常带有for 或 since 等表示一段时间的状语.如： Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.I havent seen much of him recentlylately. We have seen that film before.Hav
23、e they found the missing child yet.3） 、现在完成时瞬时动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用.常见终止性动词与连续性动词或状态动词 的对应关系如下 :come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/at open - be opendie - be deadclose - be closedbecome -beborrow - keepput on - wearbuy - haveleave - be away frombegin / start - be onfall asleep - be aslee
24、pend/finish - be overcatch a cold - have a cold join the army - be in the army,be a soldierjoin the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member例：吉姆买这支已有两年了.Jim bought this pen two years ago. Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2022It
25、is two years since Jim bought this pen.4）.在表示 “最近几世纪 / 年/ 月以来”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_in the past few years/months/weeks/day.s over the past few years; during the last three months; for thelast few centuries, through centuries; throughout history等5）.表示“第几次做某事, ”或在 “ It is the best w
26、orst, most interesting +名词 that ”后面跟现在完成时.例： This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written.6） have / has been to + 的点 意为“曾去过某的 ”,暗含目前已不在该的仅表示当事人一种经受而已.have / has gone to +的点 “到了某的去了 ”,暗含“已离开原的去了某的 ”之意,但是否
27、到达了某的尚不确定.如： He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海.He has been to Shanghai.他去过了上海.六过去完成时1. 结构：助动词 had动词过去分词2. 用法：1） 、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态.即发生的时间是过去的过去.常与“by the end of/by/before+ 过去时间 ”构成的短语连用.例如： The train had already left before we arrived.He said that he had learned some English before.By the end o
28、f last term, we had learned five English songs.2） 表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作.常用when,before,after 等引导的从句作为动作发生时间先后的对比,先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时.When I got to the railway station, the train had already left.当我到达火车站时,火车已经开走了His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here.爸爸来这之前,在一
29、家电视机厂工作了5 年.3） 表示过去未曾实现的方案、 愿望等.这种用法中常用的动词为 hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等.例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.那时我们期望你能来,但是你没有来.I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事了.七过去进行时1. 结构：was/were+动词的现在分词 -ing2. 用法：1） 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作.动作发生的特指时间
30、常用一个短语或时可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_间状语从句来说明,如： at this time yesterday ,at 7:00 yesterday , last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time 以 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句等.My family were watching TV at that time yesterday. When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone.What were you doing at 9:00 oclock yesterday m
31、orning.留意：（1）以 when 引导的时间状语从句中,从句动作,主句用过去进行时,表示一个动作发生时, 另一个动作正在进行.When he called me , I was having dinner .（ 2）以 while 引导的时间状语从句中,从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,while 常译为“当的时候,同时”.Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV .2） 、表移动的动词,如 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表
32、示过去将要发生的动作.例如： She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.八过去将来时态表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作.但这个 将来时间绝不会延长到现在.而仅限于过去时间区域内.由此可以看出, 含这个时态的句子常带一个表示过去某个时间点状语.这个状语或是一个短语,或是一个句子.这个时态常用于：1. 结构awould/should+动词原形bwas/were going to+动词原形2. 用法1） 、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态.常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中.例如： He said that
33、he would finish his work before 9 oclock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作.When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be .当我考虑这件事时,我想知道他们的反应是什么.2） 、表示过去的某种习惯性动作,只能用would .例如： Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.每当他遇到困难时,我们总会伸出救济之手.3） 表示过去情形中的愿望、倾向,多用于否定句.No matter how difficul
34、t the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it .不管工作有多难,他总会坚持不懈的把它干完.They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会答应发生这样事.Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave .甚至在讲座终止之后,听众仍不愿离去.挑选1. The population of the world still now.（ 2022甘肃兰州）A. has; gr
35、ownB. is; growingC. will; growD. is; grown2. -Good evening. I to see Miss Mary.（ 2022甘肃兰州）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_-Oh, good evening. I m sorry, but she is not in.A. have comeB. comeC. cameD. had come3. It s time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma. Hehis bike in the yard.（ 2022 新疆阜康）A. cleanB. cl
36、eanedC. is cleaningD. will clean4. If youcarefully, youthe report well. （ 2022广州）A. will listen; will be understoodB. will listen; understandC. listen; will understandD. listen; understand5. Theyabout eight hundred English words by the end of last term.（2022广州）A. will learnB. had learnedC. are going
37、 to learnD. have learned6. How did the accident happen. （2022广州） You know, itdifficult to see the road clearly because it.A. was; was rainingB. is; has rainedC. is; is rainingD. will be; will rain7. Attention, please. Therea football game between China and Korea this evening.A. is going to beB. has
38、beenC. hasD. will have8. What does your sister like doing in her spare time？ Shewatching TV . （2022湖北武汉）A. likesB. likedC. has likedD. had liked9. WhenJessyto New York ？ Yesterday. （ 2022湖北武汉）A. does; getB. did; getC. has; gotD. had; got10. How clean the bedroom is. （2022湖北武汉） Yes, I am sure that so
39、meoneit.A. cleansB. cleanedC. has cleanedD. had cleaned11. My friend me. I have to leave now.（2022河北）A. waits forB. waited forC. is waiting forD. was waiting for12. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he （.2022河北）A. will arriveB. was arrivingC. arrivesD. arrived13. I the wrong thing. Can I
40、 use your eraser. （ 2022河北）A. writeB. wroteC. am writingD. will write14. -Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening.（ 2022山东威海）-NO, Heto England. He will be back next month.A. returnedB. has returnedC. returnsD. will return15. -Who s won the first prize in the competition.（ 2022山东烟台）-
41、Henry. He hasit for a week.A. is, wonB. is, gotC. has, hadD. has, been given16. -Is this the place that you . （ 2022四川成都）-No. I ve never been there before.A. have visitedB. will visitC. are visitingD.would visit17. It outside. Youd better take an umbrella with you.（2022江西）A. rainsB. is rainingC. rai
42、nedD. has rained18. -Can I help you.（ 2022江西）-I bought this watch here yesterday, but itwork.A. won tB. didntC. doesntD. wouldn t19. I used to love this film when I was young, but I it that way any more.（2022江苏南京）A. don t feelB. didn t feelC. havent feltD. hadnt felt可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_20. -How
43、was your trip to the ancient village.（2022湖北宜昌）-Fantastic. Weto a museum of strange stones.A. goB. wentC. are goingD. will go21. Where is Peter. （2022湖南娄底） Hevolleyball with his friends in the school gym.A. playsB. playedC. is playingD.was playing22. -Hello. Can I speak to Mr. White.（ 2022江苏无锡）-Sorr
44、y, he isnt here right now. He to the theme park.A. will goB. was goingC. has goneD. has been23. - you your drawing.（ 2022陕西绥德）-Not yet. It will be done in a few minutes.A. Did; finishB. Will; finishC. Do; finishD. Have; finished24. Sheas an animal trainer since 2022. （ 2022.北京）A. has workedB. worksC
45、. will workD. have worked25. Theyher to the party, so she was very happy. （ 2022.北京）A. inviteB. invitedC. will inviteD. are inviting26. Mr. Green to the manager now. Youd better call him later. （ 2022.北京）A. talkB. talkedC. is talkingD. was talking27. Prison Break is the best American TV play that Ithese years. （ 2022.安徽）A. watchB. will watchC. have watchedD. was watching28. -Alice, turn down the TV , plea