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1、2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国ni卷英语第一局部阅读理解（共两节，总分值40分）第一节（共15小题;每题2分，总分值30分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。AOPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAnimals Out of PaperYolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami（折2氏术）artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her
2、studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12.（West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St.212-868-4444.） The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Step
3、hen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 1 4（Schoenfeld,236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.） HamiltonLin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. O
4、pens Feb. 17.（Public, 425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.） On the Twentieth CenturyKristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie stars love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, fo
5、r Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12.（American Airlines Theatre, 227 W.42nd St.212-719- 1300.）What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?A. A type of art.B. A teenagers studio.C. A great teacher.D. A group of animals.1. Who is the director of The Audience!A. Helen Mirren. B. Pet
6、er Morgan.C. Dylan Baker. D. Stephen Daldry.2. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?A. Animals Out of Paper.B. The Audience.C. Hamilton.D. On the Twentieth Centiuy.BFor Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“It
7、s no secret that China has always been a source（来源）of inspiration for designers/1 says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion（时尚） shows.【答案分析】根据第一段中的In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mas
8、s audience. They were dull and visually forbidding”可知，在十九世纪三十年代前，大多数报纸对广大读者缺乏吸 引力。应选 Bo academic”学业的”;unattractive”不吸引人的”;inexpensive不昂贵的”;confidential”机密的”。9.C【命题意图】考查推理判断。【答案分析】根据第二段首句The trend, then, was toward the penny paper a term referring to papersmade widely available to the public”以及第三段的内容
9、可知，“便士报”指的是公众可广泛购得的报纸，而正是街 头销售促使报纸价格下降,适合群众的消费水平，而且也更方便群众购买,这样自然会意味着报纸会有更多的 读者，不再限于富人。10.B【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】第二段首句指此这一变革的趋势是出现便士报，即群众消费得起也容易获取的报纸。由此 可知，第四段首句This new trend of newspapers for the man on the street9 did not begin well”中的 nthe man on the street”指普通百姓。应选BoH.A【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】 根据第三段中的“T
10、his development did not take place overnight. It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy”及第四段的内容可知，便士报的开展变化绝非发生在一夜之间，而是经历了 一个艰难的过程。应选A。文章只是描述了便士报当时的状况，并未对其作出成功与否的评价，故B项
11、错 误;C和D选项均曲解了文意。D体裁:说明文题材:实验主题:猴子能算算术【文章大意】本文讲述了哈佛医学院科学家Margaret Livingstone及其带着的团队通过反复实验得出结论:猴子能算算术，且它们对大数值的关注胜过小数值。12 .C【命题意图】 考查细节理解。【答案分析 1根据第二段首句A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearlydifferent symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drop
12、s of water or juice as a reward”可知答 案为C。13 .B【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第三段中的If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded withseven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers 一 17 in this example”可知答案为 Bo14 .A【命题意图】
13、考查推理判断。【答案分析】根据第四段 n After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would gofor the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination”可知，大多数时候，猴子倾向于触摸更高的数值，这说明它们会进行 简单的计算，而不仅仅是记住每个数字组合
14、的数值。15 .D【命题意图】 考查推理判断。【答案分析】根据全文可知，本文讲述了科学家们通过科学实验得出猴子能够算算术的结论。应选Do【难句分析 A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. (Para.2)分析：to associate 26 clearly differe
15、nt symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters 为动词不定式短语 作宾补,with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward 为方式状语。译文:一组研究人员使用零至二十五滴水或果汁作奖励来训练三只恒河猴将26个明显不同的符号关联 起来,这些符号含有数字和认真挑选过的字母。第二节体裁:说明文 题材:人际沟通 主题:网络课上与教授建立互动交流的考前须知【文章大意】本文介绍在选修网络课程时如何与教授建立起健康有益的互动交流。16 .E 本空承接上句中的patterns”,启示下句中的two of e
16、ach”。应选E。17 .G 本空应填入该段的主题句。下文始终围绕“questions”一词展开，应选G。18 .A 前一句中提及discussion forums, blogs和other open-ended forums等交流方式,A项（强调这些方式为交 流而存在）符合语境。19 .C本段主要讲不要和教授提供私人信息或故事，故C项”如果他们需要更多的信息，他们将会询问”符合语 境。20 .F 本空为过渡句，围绕主题句展开。根据下文中的a concern about a professors professionalism or ability 可知,此处选F项,表示每个人都曾上过不太满意
17、的在线课程，衔接下文。第二局部语言知识运用第一节体裁:说明文 题材:社会生活 主题:科技改变生活【文章大意】挪威小镇Rjukan 一年中几乎半年都无法得到阳光直射，但这种状况在电脑控制的反射板投入使用后得以改善。21 .C 根据上文中的from late September to mid-March”可知,这段时间将近半年。应选Co only”仅仅”； obviously”显而易见地”;precisely”准确地.D 当阳光照耀时，我们就可以注意到它。句中的“it”指代第一段中的“sunlight”。22 .B天空是蔚蓝色的，但山谷却是比拟阴暗的，犹如阴天一般。根据句中的“but”可知，本空填
18、入的词语与 “darker”相对应，故blue”蓝色的，蔚蓝色的符合语境。24.A 参见上题解析。25.B根据下文内容可知,采用反射板后，小镇的面貌发生了改变。26 .C根据下文中的“The mirrors”可知答案。27 .C 星期三,Rjukan的居民接收到了他们的第一束冬日阳光。remember”记得”;forecast”预报”;imagine”想象 n o.D根据语境可知，镇上的居民们能享受到冬日的阳光是因为小镇将引进的高科技反射板投入了使用。故选 Do repair”维修”;risk”风险”;rest”休息”。28 .B 本空填入的词应与空前的“controlled”在语义上保持一致
19、，故direct”指示，命令，管理”符合语境。forbid”禁止，阻碍”;predict”预言，预告”;follow”跟随，30 .A 白天,电脑控制的镜子随着太阳的转动而转向。throughout the day“整个白天”。31 .C 根据下一段中的The town square”可知答案为squareo.A阳光出现时,Rjukan的居民便聚集在广场上。32 .D根据语境可知，人们坐的坐，站的站,彼此拍着照片。33 .A 参见上题解析。take notes of ”记录”;take care of ”照顾”;take hold of 握住”。34 .B根据语境可知，广场上挤满了人。36.C
20、 3 500名居民不能同时享受阳光。block”阻塞”;avoid”防止”;store“贮藏”。37.B根据语境可知，此处表示转折，应用Howevero.D 根据上文提到的Rjukan的居民将近半年都享受不到阳光可知,此处指镇上急需阳光的居民，应选D。38 .A 广场不是很大，但足以让大家共享（阳光）。39 .D参见上题解析。第二节体裁:记叙文题材:个人经历 主题:跨文化交际【文章大意】本文讲述了作者在美国夏威夷寄宿家庭的经历。41.so考查固定结构。此处表示“雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁琢磨着要多久才能到那里”。又空处为修饰hard的副词，故填so。sothat”如止匕以至于【易错点拨】考生易
21、受空格后hard的影响，误填veryo阅读过程中应注重对语境的整体理解。42 .to get考查动词不定式。此处考查it takes sb. some time to do sth.”这一句型结构，表示“花某人多长时间做某事。43 .of考查介词。a pack of是固定用法，意为“一群.who考查定语从句。先行词是their masters且关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who。44 .recommended 考查时态。根据句中的shared”可知，此处应用一般过去时。45 petition考查词形转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填名词单数形式，表示一个有趣的比赛。46 .tradit
22、ional考查词形转换。修饰名词stories应用形容词。47 .hugely 考查副词。修饰形容词popular应用副词hugely。48 .were invited考查时态和语态。文章讲述发生在过去的事情，此处应为一般过去时。we和invite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。49 .1istening考查现在分词。listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作伴随状语。第三局部写作第一节短文改错Ive had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe.Though it may appearope
23、nsimple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special requiresordinaryone. I want my cafe A have a speciaK like theme such as Tang Dynasty*. In the cafe, customers will toenjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
24、 If I succeed in manage themselvesthat/whichmanagingone, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city . Each of my cafes will have acitiesdifferent theme and an unique style.第一处:opens改为open。考查非谓语。分析句子结构可知,此处为动词不定式在句中作表语。第二处:required改为requires。考查时态。文章着重讲自己的梦想打算开一家咖啡馆，故时态为一
25、般现在时。第三处:ordinarily改为ordinary o考查形容词。根据句中的an和cafe可知，此处应用形容词，在句中作定语。第四处:在have前加to。考查不定式。不定式在句中作宾语补足语。第五处:删除likeo考查介词。句中such as已表”像，例如，故like多余。第六处:yourselves改为themselves。考查代词。句中反身代词应与主语保持一致。第七处:what改为that/which。考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，且在定语从句 中作主语，先行词为environment,故用that或whicho第八处:manage改为managing。
26、考查非谓语。介词后常接动词的-ing形式。第九处:city改为citieso考查名词。根据语境中的many以及city作“城市”讲时为可数名词可知，此处应为名 词复数。第十处:an改为a。考查冠词。unique发音以辅音音素开头，故应用冠词a。第二节书面表达【写作思路】立意方面，本篇书面表达强化美育的引导作用,加强对学生审美情趣的考查，贯彻全面发 展的育人理念，遵循德智体美劳五育之间的内在联系和相互融合的开展规律，突出对美育的引导，以到达培养 全面开展的社会主义建设者和接班人的育人目标，巧妙地回答了 “培养什么样的人”这一根本问题。表达方面，聚焦用英语来解决学习和生活中的实际问题，表达英语作为
27、交流工具的真实存在。邀请Allen 参加学校即将举办的音乐节，考生需要对语境提供的背景信息和时间及活动安排等要点进行必要整合，同时 需要对要点进行适当拓展，以在内容和语言表达上更加丰富和多样化。【范文赏读】Dear Allen,T am delighted to inform you that this years music festival will be held shortly.There will be a wide variety of activities to mark this unforgettable occasion. The details are as follow
28、s:Firstly, the festival will start at 9:00 a.m. on August 15th, which will last 3 hours. At the beginning, the chair of the students9 union will give us a look into the past, present and future of the festival. Following this, staff and students from different clubs will stage singing, dancing and d
29、rama performances.You are welcome to give performances as well.rd love it if you could attend the upcoming celebration. Please do not hesitate to ask me if you have questions or require more information.Yours,Li Hua【一句多译】Well have various activities in memory of this unforgettable occasion.First of
30、all, the festival will start at 9:00 oclock and end at 12 at noon on Aug. 15.Id like to express my warm welcome to you and your performances.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China- inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese work
31、s of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics （美学）on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.nChina is impossible to overlook/ says Hi
32、ll. HChinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion - they are central to its movement.n Of course, not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China 一 some of th
33、e best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. HVera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs - and beating them hands down in design and sales, n adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fas
34、hion. nThe most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,1 she says. China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes,
35、 and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.4. What does
36、 Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.5. What do the underlined words taking on in paragraph 4 mean? A. learning fromlooking down onB. working withcompeting against6. What
37、can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion TrendsCBefore the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subsc
38、riptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, mostnewspapers had little in them that w
39、ould appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the penny paper” 一 a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perha
40、ps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to pu
41、rchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny - usually two or three cents was charged 一 and some of the older well-known papers charged five or s
42、ix cents. But the phrase penny paper caught the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for the man on the street1 did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, peop
43、le who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.7. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Confidential.8. What
44、 did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.9. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians.B. Common people.C. Young publishers. D. Rich busines
45、smen.10. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.DMonkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearl
46、y different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined - or added - the symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described
47、the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 wouldflash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the mon
48、keys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers - 17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys