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1、2022届北京市昌平区第一中学高三上学期期中考试英语试卷1 .本试卷共7页，共100分，考试时长90分钟。2 .请将条形码粘贴在答题卡相应位置处。3 .选择题必须作答在答题卡上。非选择题必须按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。第一局部:知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每题L5分,共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。It was summer 2019 in Aurora, Colorado, when CBS News first met
2、Finn Lanning, a math teacher, and Damien, his student who always stood out.Lanning was astonished when Damien told him he was not coming back to 1. He sat Damien down andfound out what his story was. He learned that Damien had a 2 in heart and was in foster （寄养）care because social services couldnt f
3、ind a foster family willing and able to meet his medical needs. He was 3 to leave school and move into a hospital.But the real 4 was that Damien needed a transplant desperately. A lot of times its 5 to get a transplant if someone doesnt have a stable home to return to after surgery.“It 6 me like a t
4、on of bricks. I mean, you just cant sit across from somebody you care about and hear them say something like that and know that you have room to help J Lanning said. Thats how Lanning became a foster parent. He 7 Damien even though hed been a confirmed bachelor （单身汉）who delighted in his childlessnes
5、s.They got along smoothly, although Damien refused to get too excited. Im afraid the bubbles will burst one day. Its kind of bad thinking about that, but some people actually do that. Like, theyll be happy with you one day and then just kick you out the next,“ Damien said. Lanning told him hes not g
6、oing anywhere, 8 Damien believes it or not.In the nearly two years since CBS News shared their story, Damien was able to get a transplant and hes a much9 15-year-old “Its like a dream come true, Damien said.Ifs proof that sometimes 10 do end happily ever after.1. A. schoolB. hospitalC. communityD. f
7、amilyhigher-than-market prices and eliminating middle men such a exporters. Fair trade organizations also encourage farming techniques that are not harmful to the environment or to farm workers, for example, growing cacao without chemical pesticides or fertilizers in the shade of rain forest trees.
8、One organization Equal Exchange, helps farmers set up farming cooperatives in which they can share resources and work on projects such as community schools. Another, Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International(FLO), guarantees that products bearing its label meet standards that improve the lives
9、 of growers and producers.The results of fair trade are a better standard of living for some farmers and nicer chocolate bars made with organically produced cocoa that consumers don*t feel guilty about buying. And although fair trade chocolate is somewhat more expensive than other chocolate and now
10、makes up only 1% of chocolate sold, the fair trade idea is spreading quickly. You may soon see fair trade chocolate right next to the more famous bars in your favorite store. 27. The underlined word nthatnin Para. 1 refers to.A. the unfair trade between countriesthe high price of chocolate productsB
11、. the traditional production of raw materialsthe major consumption of the finished food28. The organization Equal Exchange aims to.A. promote chocolate salesincrease the production of chocolateB. reduce the cost of growing cropsoffer support to the farmers29. What does the author imply in the last p
12、aragraph?A. There will be more fair trade chocolate in the future.B. Fair trade chocolate is not as tasty as other chocolate.C. Consumers feel guilty about buying fair trade chocolate.D. There is probably no reason to worry about cacao farmers.30. The passage is written to.A. give tips on how to und
13、ertake fair chocolate tradeadvise people to join in Fair trade organizationsB. encourage farmers to adopt organic farminginform people of fair trade chocolate【答案】27.A28. D 29. A 30. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由于不公平的巧克力交易而诞生的维护农民权益的平等交易 组织，以及由此带来的一些变化。【27题详解】词义猜想题。根据文章第一段的 “This probably sounds like a
14、familiar story - developing countries produce inexpensive raw materials that are manufactured and sold as finished goods in developed countries（这可能听起来像 一个很熟悉的故事，开展中国家生产廉价的原材料，在兴旺国家加工成成品进行销售）”可知，这通常就是 巧克力的情况。代词that指的是这种不公平的国家之间的贸易。应选A。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的 “One organization Equal Exchange, helps farm
15、ers set up farming cooperatives in which they can share resources and work on projects such as community schools.（一个名为“平等交流”的组织帮助农民建立农业合作社，在合作社中他们可以共享资源，并参与社 区学校等工程）”可知，平等交易这个组织的目的是给农民提供帮助。应选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的 “You may soon see fair trade chocolate right next to the more famous bars in your fa
16、vorite store（你可能很快在您最喜爱的商店里看到公平贸易的巧克力仅次于有名的巧克力）”可知，作 者认为将来会有更多的公平贸易巧克力。应选A。【30题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章主要介绍了由于不公平的巧克力交易而诞生的维护农民权益的平等交易 组织，尽管这样的巧克力价格比拟高，但是它维护了农民的利益，有强大的开展前景。所以文章主要是要 告诉读者公平的巧克力贸易。应选D。DEvery day, it seems that some new algorithm （算法）enables computers to diagnose a disease with unprecedented
17、 accuracy, renewing predictions that computers will soon replace doctors. What if computers could replace patients as well? If virtual humans could have replaced real people in some stages of a coronavirus vaccine trial, it could have sped development of a preventive tool and slowed down the pandemi
18、c. Similarly, potential vaccines that werent likely to work could have been identified early, reducing trial costs and avoiding testing poor vaccine candidates on living volunteers. These are some of the benefits of in silico medicine”, or the testing of drugs and treatments on virtual organs or bod
19、y systems to predict how a real person will respond to the therapies.The modeling begins by feeding anatomical data drawn from noninvasive （非侵入式）high- resolution imaging of an individuaFs actual organ into a complex mathematical model of the mechanisms that govern that organs function. Algorithms ru
20、nning on powerful computers resolve the resulting equations and unknowns, generating a virtual organ that looks and behaves like the real thing.In silico clinical trials are already underway to an extent. Heart Flow Analysis, for instance, enables clinicians to identify CAD （冠心病）based on CT images o
21、f a patients heart. The Heart Flow system uses these images to construct a fluid dynamic model of the blood running through the coronary blood vessels, thereby identifying abnormal conditions and their severity. Without this technology, doctors would need to perform an invasive operation to decide w
22、hether and how to intervene. Experimenting on digital models of individual patients can also help personalize therapy for any number of conditions and is already used in diabetes care.The philosophy behind in silico medicine is not new. The ability to create and simulate the performance of an object
23、 under hundreds of operating conditions has been a cornerstone of engineering for decades, such as for designing electronic circuits, airplanes and buildings. Various obstacles remain to its widespread implementation in medical research and development.The predictive power and reliability of this te
24、chnology must be confirmed, and that will require several advances. Those include the generation of high quality medical databases from a large, ethnically diverse patient base that has both women and men; improvement of mathematical models to account for the many interacting processes in the body;
25、and further modification of Al methods that were developed mainly for computer-based speech and image recognition and need to be extended to provide biological insights.In recent years American and European regulators have approved some commercial uses of computer-based diagnostics, but meeting regu
26、latory demands requires considerable time and money. Creating demand for these computer-based diagnostic tools is challenging as well. In silico medicine must be able to deliver cost-effective value for patients, clinicians and health care organizations to accelerate their adoption of the technology
27、.31. According to the text, in silico medicine might help. A. discover the cause of an illnessquicken the creation of new medicineB. recognize the symptoms of a disease earlieravoid including unhealthy volunteers in trials32. We can learn from the text that Heart Flow Analysis.A. works effectively i
28、n CAD treatmentoffers personalized therapies to patientsB. reduces the chances of invasive operationsbuilds models after identifying abnormal conditions33. According to the author, further application of in silico medicine requires.A. money and time from the regulatorsreplacement of old mathematical
29、 modelsB. more proof of its effectiveness and dependabilityprogress in speech and image recognition technology34. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Looking to Al to End Experimental StudyIn Silico Medicine Saved Millions of LivesB. Exploring the Future of Algorithm in Medicine
30、Virtual Patients Could Revolutionize Medicine【答案】31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的医学技术。在这项技术中，医生可以对虚拟病人进 行治疗测试，从而使得治疗手段更加平安有效。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “These are some of the benefits of in silico medicine”, or the testing of drags and treatments on virtual organs or body systems to pre
31、dict how a real person will respond to the therapies.（这些是 “电 子医学”的一些好处，也就是在虚拟器官或身体系统上测试药物和治疗方法，以预测一个真实的人对治疗 的反响。）”可知:“insilicomedicine”指的是在虚拟器官或身体系统上测试药物和治疗，以预测一个真实的人 对治疗的反响。结合常识可推知，有效的药物和治疗测试能够帮助加快新药的开发。应选B项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “The Heart Flow system uses these images to construct a fluid dynamic
32、model of the blood running through the coronary blood vessels, thereby identifying abnormal conditions and their severity. Without this technology, doctors would need to perform an invasive operation to decide whether and how to intervene.（心脏血流系统利用这些图像来构建流经冠状动脉血管的血液的流体动力学模型，从而识别异常情况及其 严重程度。如果没有这项技术，
33、医生将需要进行侵入性手术来决定是否以及如何进行干预。）”可知，心脏 血流分析系统减少了侵入性手术的几率。应选C项。33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段 “The predictive power and reliability of this technology must be confirmed, and that will require several advances.（这项技术的预测能力和可靠性必须得到确认，这需要进一步的研究。）”可知， 为了进一步的应用，这项技术的预测能力和可靠性必须得到确认。“effectiveness”与“predictive power”是同 义替换；d
34、ependability与reliability”是同义替换。应选C项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的医学技术。在这项技术中，医生可以对虚拟病人进 行治疗测试，从而使得治疗手段更加平安有效。D选项“虚拟病人可以革新医学”符合文意，最适合作为 本文标题。应选D项。根据短文内容。从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Attracting Children to MuseumsWhen you were young did your parents ever take you to a museum? Do you remember
35、 what it was like or if it was an exciting experience for you? Very often parents do things like going to museums with their young children because they think it is something they must do. 35Museums understand that it is important to attract children and get them interested in going frequently to mu
36、seums. They want them to start going as children and continue to go as adults. 36The first thing to remember is that children are active and learn better by doing, not just by passively looking. 37 So some museums are building separate section just for children where they can learn by doing. The big
37、gest museum in Canada has a large area called the Childrens Discovery Centre. There children can touch and feel and smell and play. They can build things, and paint, and solve puzzles. Everything is arranged to attract the interest of children and to keep them there for as long as possible.38 . It i
38、s always interesting to see a father sitting on the floor with his child putting pieces of a puzzletogether. It quickly becomes obvious that the adults are having just as much fun as their children. And that is exactly what the museum wants to happen because they know that both the parents and the c
39、hildren will want to come back if they have fun on their first visit.39 . Children from elementary schools and high schools come with their teachers in buses to visit themuseum and receive a special tour of displays in the museum that they know will interest the children. For example, they love to s
40、ee the nature exhibits and the dinosaurs and the snakes.A. They also learn by playing and discoveringParents, too, are welcome to go into the Childrens Discovery Centre.B. If everything works right, the child will leave with wonderful memories.C. But just as often the children get bored quickly and
41、dont have a good time at all.D. If you were the director of a museum, what would you do to attract more children?E. And every group gets to do some sort of activity rather than just walking through the museum.G One other way the museum tries to attract children is through a school group visit progra
42、m.【答案】35. D 36. E 37. A 38. B 39. G【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章探讨了孩子们不喜欢去博物馆这一问题并给出一些具体的建议。【35题详解】段中提出两个问题 “When you were young did your parents ever take you to a museums?（你小的时候你父母带 你去过博物馆吗?）” 和 “Do you remember what it was like or if it was an exciting experience for you?（你还记 得那是什么感觉吗，或者那对你来说是不是一种激动人心的经历？）”，
43、空格前一句Very often parents do things like going to museums with their young children because they think it is something they must do.（父母通常 会带着孩子去博物馆，因为他们认为这是他们必须做的事情）”回答了第一个问题，而D项But just as often the children get bored quickly and dont have a good time at all.（但同样的是，孩子们经常很快就会感到无聊， 根本就玩得不开心）”是第二个问题的答案，
44、同时D项也提出孩子们不喜欢去博物馆这一问题，从而引出下 文对博物馆如何吸引孩子的探讨。应选D项。【36题详解】根据下文内容可知，下文从第三段 “The first thing to remember is that children are active and learn better by doing, not just by passively looking.（首先要记住的是，孩子们是活跃的，通过实际行动他们学得更好，而不是 被动地观察）”中孩子的认知方式、第四段 “It is always interesting to see a father sitting on the floo
45、r with his child putting pieces of a puzzle together.（看到一位父亲和他的孩子坐在地板上，把一块块拼图拼在一起，总是 很有趣的）”中家长的参与和第五段Children from elementary schools and high schools come with their teachers in buses to visit the museum and receive a special tour of displays in the museum that they know will interest the children.
46、（来自小学和高中的孩子们和他们的老师乘坐巴士来参观博物馆，并在博物馆进行一次会 引起孩子们的兴趣的特别的展览之旅）”中参观的形式，三个方面分析了博物馆如何来吸引孩子们，E项“If you were the director of a museum, what would you do to attract more children?（如果你是博物馆的馆长，你会怎 么做来吸引更多的孩子?）”用设问的方式总领下文，引出下文的具体方法。应选E项。【37题详解】根据段首句 “The first thing to remember is that children are active and lea
47、rn better by doing, not just by passively looking.（首先要记住的是，孩子们是活跃的，通过实际行动他们学得更好，而不是被动地观察）”可知，段 中从孩子的认知方式来思考如何吸引孩子们去博物馆，A项“They also learn by playing and discovering.（他 们也通过玩和发现来学习）”承接上文，是对上文中learn better by doingv的补充，其中also说明与上文的 递进关系，同时下文中the Childrens Discovery Centre的做法也表达了通过行动、玩耍和发现来吸引孩子们 去学习。应选
48、A项。【38题详解】根据下文 “It is always interesting to see a father sitting on the floor with his child putting pieces of a puzzle togetheM看到一位父亲和他的孩子坐在地板上，把一块块拼图拼在一起，总是很有趣的）”可知，本段是讲 家长的参与，B 项Parents, too, are welcome to go into the Childrens Discovery Centre.（家长也欢迎到儿童探 索中心）”作为段首句，引入家长参与的方法。应选B项。【39题详解】不艮据下文 u
49、 Children from elementary schools and high schools come with their teachers in buses to visit the museum and receive a special tour of displays in the museum that they know will interest the children.（来自小学和 高中的孩子们和他们的老师乘坐巴士来参观博物馆，并在博物馆进行一次会引起孩子们的兴趣的特别的展 览之旅）”可知，本段讲通过团体参观的方式吸引孩子，G项One other way the museum tries to attract children is through a school group visit program.（博物馆吸引孩子的另一种方式是通