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1、阅读理解之社会文化类-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳 与变式演练（全国通用）目录一、热点题型归纳【题型一】文章主旨和标题【题型二】词义猜测【题型三】作者的观点态度【题型四】细节理解二、最新模考题组练热点敢型归的“社会文化类“阅读经常在高考题中出现，例如2021年新高考I卷的C篇，2020年全国I卷的B篇和C 篇，2018年全国n卷中的B篇和D篇，2018年天津卷的A篇和D篇，2018年浙江卷的B篇和C篇。社会文化类文章的考察点包括东西方文化交流，文化习俗，宗教信仰等方面。社会文化类文章一般会 在首段透露出文章的中心思想，所以要重读首段。【典例分析】【2021年新高考I卷C篇】When
2、 the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades
3、to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl （水 禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overlyWhat is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions.30.
4、What is the text mainly about?A. Lifestyles in different countries.B. Conflicts between generations.C. A housing problem in Britain.D. A rising trend of living in the UK.答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被 孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“but Rit
5、a Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的 维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想
6、的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我 推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。 故选A项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从 2002 年的 32.5 万户增加到 2013 年的 41.9 万户。根据第七段“It i
7、s said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，2534岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991 年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选c项。31题详解】主旨大
8、意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation（孤独）,more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用,而老 年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上 升趋势。故选D项。2019年高考全国新课标I卷-B篇】Ever happened to have a stranger looking at you with eyes full
9、 of anger out of the blue?It was painful and confusing, but sure a great lesson. First thing that passed through my mind was that it must be a misunderstanding, such a look was not meant fbr me, but later I saw the old ladys face changing every time she saw me, at least seven times, no more doubt th
10、at she was very angry with me.I was confused, shocked, and near anger, my brains were spinning, trying to figure out hows and whys but somehow managed to not show it on my face. Went home, slept a night over it and decided that I have to find a way to make peace with this lady.The very next day I bo
11、ught some nice chocolate praying to see her again and when I caught sight of her, went straight to her and apologized telling her I am so very sorry if I angered you, I had no such intention, please accept my apologizes, and handled her the chocolate. Surprised, she told me not to mind her, and apol
12、ogized too. It was an awkward moment, but we made peace and the embarrassment is replaced by smiles now.I am very grateful for this experience, it shows me I still have plenty of work to do with my mind, I learned how it is not easy to take knowledge of, accept and forgive acts that we may feel as u
13、nfair, and it taught me of possibilities about fixing a conflict. Best advice to keep for myself?Do not react, do not be quick to judge, sleep it over, and throw in a pinch of empathy for self as well as others.24. The underlined phrase “out of the blue“ in paragraph 1 probably means.A. unexpectedly
14、B. curiouslyC. sadlyD. gentlyThe author bought some chocolate for the lady in order to.A. see her againB. apologize to her C. give her a surprise D. break the ice with herWhy was the old lady angry, according to the author?A. She probably misunderstood the author.B. The author was rude to her before
15、.C. She didnt want to see the author.D. They had a quarrel with each other before.27.What is the best title for the passage?A. An unforgettable experience.B. Fixing a conflict.C. Smiling can make a difference.D. Making peace.【答案】BBCB【解析】本文是一篇英美文化类说明文。如果你上网看，你会发现几乎每年的每一天都在庆祝某种食物。 这些食物节日给人们享用美食的机会,也给餐
16、馆和其他企业一个促销产品的机会。但是,这些独特的美国“节 日”从何而来呢？28. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容及.Food holidays also give restaurants and other businesses a chance to promote their products.一句可以推知 B 项正确。29. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段 National Beer Day on April 7 marks the end of a U.S. ban on the production, transport, import and sale of alc
17、oholic drinks. The ban lasted from 1920 until 1933.两句可知禁 酒令从1920年持续到1933年。全国啤酒日标志着禁令的结束，因此可以推知答案为B.30. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章全文内容，文中提到的节日有：National Onion Ring Day, National Oreo Cookie Day, National Tater Tot Day, National Beer Day, U.S. National Doughnut Day .共五个。 注 意：The National Day Calendar不是节日名称，该题学生容
18、易选成六个。31. B【解析】细节理解题。由文章最后一段 Because theres a lot of negativity out there, why not choose to celebrate food instead?” 一句可知 B 项正确。【2018年高考天津卷A篇】Fire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test
19、and maintain all sprinkler（喷水灭装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers （灭 “Q器）. They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors
20、of all campus buildings are equipped with manual（手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with（胡舌L摆弄）these systems. Fal
21、se fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following: Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room. Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do
22、not use a lift. Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous
23、situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.Smoke DetectorA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of yo
24、ur smoke detector: If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking （闪动）, contact residence hall staff immediately. Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, infor
25、m your hall staff.36. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?A. To provide part-time jobs for students.B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.37. What do the automati
26、c fire alarm systems include?A. Pipes and smoke detectors.B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stationsIn a fire drill, the students shouldrush quickly to a liftgather at the nearest exit.A. shut the door and leave at oncewait for
27、instructions in the hallWhat do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.38. To ensure the safe operation
28、 of the smoke detector, one shouldcontact the hall staff regularlycover the things that bum easilystart the smoke detector in a fireA. make certain the red light is working答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些 防火信息。36 .细节理解题。根据文章第一段 They inspect all campus bu
29、ildings and test and maintain all sprinkler（喷水 灭火装置）systems行re alarms and fire extinguishers （灭火器）.可知，专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试 和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。37 .细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Alarms 中的句子 Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探
30、测器、烟雾探测器 和喷头组成。故选B。38 .细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Drills 中的句子 Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.和 Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.可知，在消防演习中,学生锁好 门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。39 .细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Extinguishers 中的句子 Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result i
31、n fines.可知， 误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。40 .细节理解题。根据文章 Smoke Detector 中的句子 If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking （）， contact residence hall staff immediately. rTMl,烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D。【2018年高考天津卷-D篇】Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind
32、 blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, youll have no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A childs day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosi
33、ty gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb（麻木的）to new stimulation（刺激），new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The first step i
34、n awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold i
35、t would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted theyd felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession（痴迷）many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who s
36、potted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a ruby-crowned kinglet*1 and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of time and destination are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were head
37、ed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see whats around them. I asked them what theyd seen. nOh, a few birds/ they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people who wa
38、tch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more.A. anxious to do wondersB. sensitive to oth
39、ers9 feelingslikely to develop unpleasant habitseager to explore the world around themWhat idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.B. To stop complaining all the time.C. To follow the teachers advice.D. To admit mistakes honestly.52. The bird watchers9 behavior
40、shows that they.A. are very patient in their observationare really fascinated by naturecare only about the names of birdsquestion the accuracy of the field guides53. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?A. The natural beauty isnt attractive to them.B. They focus on
41、 arriving at the camp in time.C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.54. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should.A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the worldget rid of some bad habits in our daily lifeopen our mind
42、 to new things and ideastry our best to protect nature【答案】5LD 52.A 53. C 54. B 55.A【解析】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢 脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。51 .推理判断题。根据文章第二段 Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.可知，与 成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。52 .推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述
43、在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候, 学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样 的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。53 .细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句Another block to awareness is the obsession（痴迷）many of us have with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故选C。54 .细节理解题。根据文章第五段 I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distan
44、t camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what火around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。55 .推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们 所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。2018年浙江高考英语卷-B篇】Steven Stein likes to follow garbag
45、e trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plas
46、tic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（“攵专艮台）.The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing thes
47、e headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energ
48、y to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground todayThe industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its l
49、ife and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute （质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned som