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1、2023年新高考英语读后续写提分技能2.05分词状赭让续写更流畅知识回顾分词的结构1 .一般型结构一般型结构是指分词或分词短语在句子中充当状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致（逻辑主语是非谓 语动词动作的执行者或承受者；它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系，但不能直接作非谓语动词的主 语，因此叫逻辑主语。如：Opening the drawer, he took out a revolver.（其中opening是分词，它的逻辑主语是句子主语he）现在分词和过去分词在一般型中的区别：两种分词作状语是，都可表时间，原因，条件，让步，方式, 伴随等。但是，现在分词表主动关系，过去分词表被动关系。如：S
2、tepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.（分词 stepping 的逻辑主语是 he,和 句子主语he一致，且he和stepping是主动关系，所以用动词step的现在分词形式）Once published,this book will be very popular.（分词 published 的逻辑主语是 this book,和句子主语一致， 且this book和published是被动关系，所以用动词publish的过去分词形式）判断分词作状语时，到底该用现在分词还是过去分词，主要看要作分词
3、的动词和句子的主语是什么关 系。主动关系就用现在分词，被动关系就用过去分词。如：the news, they were all excited.（用动词 hear 的分词形式填空）at by everybody, she had my sympathy.（用动词 laugh 的分词形式填空）上述句子中，动词hear和句子主语they是主动关系，所以应用hear的现 在分词形式hearing；动 词laugh和句子主语she是被动关系，所以应用laugh的过去分词形式laughed.2 .独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，那么应将分词的逻辑主 语补出来，且放置分词之前，这种 分词
4、结构被称作独立主格结构。独立主格结构的特点有：独立主格结构由两局部组成，前一局部是名词或 者代词，后一局部是分词，前后两局部具有逻辑主谓关系；独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同， 它独立存在；分词与前面的名词或代词，是主谓关系；独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。现在分词和过去分词都有独立主格结构。逻辑主语都需要补出来。但是，现在分词与逻辑主语是主 动关系，过去分词与逻辑主语是被动关系例如：The girl staring at him , he didnt know what to say.（句中现在分词 staring 与逻辑主语 the girl 是主动关 系，相当于 As the g
5、irl stared at him, .）Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.（句中过去分词done与逻辑主语her work是被动关系， 相当于 When her work was done, .）.垂悬分词注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Suddenly from the doorways of most houses on the street appeared families as they clapped.And at that moment Amelia felt proud of e
6、veryone she worked with.【参考范文】Suddenly from the doorways of most houses on the street appeared families as they clapped. Amelia didnt understand what was going on. What were these people doing? Then it became evidently clear as one family held a big sign which read: Thank you, doctors and nurses! Te
7、ars running from her eye she felt this was one of the loveliest things shed ever witnessed. From all around, the noise echoed up and down eveiy street in the city. Horns blared and people shouted, “We love you, doctors and nurses.”And at that moment Amelia felt proud of everyone she worked with. She
8、 was thankful to all the key workers in whatever role they played. And most of all, she was proud of herself fbr everything shed accomplished in the worst year possible, determined to keep on helping others in their hour of need.【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了身为护士的阿米莉亚目睹了暖心的一幕：疫情期间，民众自 发组织了一场向医护人员致谢的活动。1 .段落续写
9、：由第一段首句内容“突然间，街上的大多数房屋的门口出现了家家户户在鼓掌。可知，第一段可描写阿 米莉亚对眼前这一幕很不解，当看到致谢标语后感动万分以及街上的致谢活动。由第二段首句内容“那一刻，阿米莉亚为与她共事的每一个人感到骄傲。”可知，第二段可描写阿米莉亚 为自己和同事们感到骄傲并决心继续帮助有需要的人们。2 .续写线索：不解致谢标语感动致谢活动骄傲继续提供帮助.词汇激活 行为类大喊：shout/cry.明白、了解：understand /be aware of .帮助：help /assist 情绪类.感动：tears ran from her eyes/be moved .感到骄傲：fee
10、l proud of/take pride in 【典型句式】句型 1, Then it became evidently clear as one family held a big sign which read: Thank you, doctors and nurses!（运用了 as引导的时间状语从句）句型 2. And most of all, she was proud of herself for everything shed accomplished in the worst year possible, and lived with a firm determinatio
11、n that she would keep on helping others in their hour of need.（运用 了省略了关 系代词的定语从句和that引导的同位语从句）分词的主语既不与句子主语一致，分词本身又非独立主格结构，这种分词在语法上被称作垂悬分词， 也叫无依着分词。垂悬分词从起源上来说，是语言的错误使用，即将分词的主语与句子的主语错误联系， 从而产生垂悬分词，所以有人又叫它错关联分词。垂悬分词通常出现在句子开头或接近开头的位置，与句子中的其 它成分不产生必要的句法关系，特 别是它与句子主语无逻辑关系。鉴于这种特点，垂悬分词别名为：独立分词或孤立分词。现在分词和过去
12、分词都可用作垂悬分词。垂悬分词多数为现在分词，少数为过去分词。例如：Being Christmas, the government offices were close.（句中being为现在分词，它的逻辑主语既不是句子 主语the government,前面也没有放置逻辑主语）Granted that you are right, you should not get angry.（句中 granted 是过去分词，它的逻辑主语既不是句 子主语you,前面也没有放置逻辑主语）垂悬分词与一般分词不一样，是一种超常规的语言现象，但其用途与形式相对固定，应引起我们足够 的重视。正因为垂悬分词的使用
13、场合及数量相对有限，英语学习者一方面要学会理解并掌握这一超常语言 现象，另一方面切记不要将其它一般分词（遵循主谓一致原那么）模仿垂悬分词使用，因为毕竟垂悬分词的产 生源于错误联系，违反了主谓一致原那么。分词作状语时的歧义排除方式英语分词在句子中作状语时，常用来表 示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式和伴随情况等意义。 分词状语前有时有连接词时，连接词作其类别符号，这些类别符号明确地界定了分词的语法范畴和语义范 畴。当分词前没有这些类别符号时，其状语意义有时就显得模糊、不确定，甚至产生歧义。分词状语的 歧义范围通 常在时间、条件、原因及让步意义之间。（1）分词兼作时间和条件状语，语句以充足理由表
14、述客观规律。例如：Healed, water changes into vapor.上述句子有两种描述：When healed, water changes into vapor.If healed, water changes into vapor.（2）分词兼作时间和原因状语，反映了时序关系与因果关系的紧密联系.。例如：Healed, water changed into vapor.上述句子有两种描述：When healed, the water changed into vapor.Because it was healed, the water changed into vapor.
15、（3）分词兼作原因和让步状语，反映了对因果规律的不同心理预设。例如：Weighing about eighty kilos, the box couldnt be carried by the porter alone.上述句子有两种解释：Since the box weighed about eighty kilos, the porter couldnt carry it by himself alone.Although the box weighed about eighty kilos, the porter couldnt carry it by himself alone.综上所
16、述，分词兼作时间状语和条件状语时，可以用when或者if描述其深层结构，这类语句一般 表述客观规律或者客观真理。这一语言现象的逻辑意义为：以when为时序关联词的语句含有全称肯定假 言命题，以if为条件关联词的语句含有充分条件假言命题。原因状语有时与时间、条件或让步状语兼类。分词兼作时间状语和原因状语的现象反映了时序关系和因果关系的逻辑联系：时序关系是因果关系的前 提，因果关系透过事物开展时序，揭示事物开展规律；分词兼作条件状语和原因状语时，语句以充足理由 表述事物的因果规律；分词兼作原因状语和让步状语时，无论作哪种释义，语句所隐含的因果规律都是同 一的，所不同的只是说话人对结果的心理预设不同
17、。在读后续写中，要提高读后续写的语言表达能力，仅仅强调词汇和语法学习是远远不够的。我们除了 掌握读后续写常用的一些词语外，在平时的学习中还要注意积累一些常用句式，特别是分词与状语从句的 转换与使用，并晨读背诵、默写、仿写，最后做到在读后续写中运用自如。一、用分词为读后续写增色的策略.心理状态类分词凸显人物情绪状态例如： Knowing that she was ill, he was so worried that he even forgot to eat dinner.Delightedly realizing that he was coming to help her, she sat
18、 down in relief.1 .感官类分词突出人物的动作回应例如：Seeing /Watching the bear tearing down the fence, she was thrilled with terror.Glancing at the dark forest in the distance, she stepped back to the cabin in anxiety.Feeling nervous, he stood there frozen.2 .反思类分词提升人物对事件的认知例如：Thinking that she would see her son soo
19、n, she walked quickly towards her house and was wearing a big smile.Recalling/Thinking back on the days they spent together, she felt cherished and expressed the gratitude to those things he did for her.3 .情感情绪类分词强化人物的心理体验例如：Cherishing the gratitude towards the villagers, he pick the phone with the
20、purpose of sharing some heartfelt words with them.Overwhelmed with terror, she just ran as quickly as he could to get out of the old castle.Exhausted by the gossips, he finally left her and let go of all the memories there.4 .“否认祈使句+典型动作类分词”深化表述目的例如： Dont just stand there to do nothing, everything w
21、aving at you in fact.Dont hesitate to attend the party, joining your fellows and sharing your happiness.5 .特征类分词升华人物/场景描述例如： Characterized by the beautiful seaside, the city is always crowded with laughter and cheers of the tourists.Featured by the quietness, it is a good place to relax yourself the
22、re.Characterized by the shyness before the public, she is always cautious when among the students.6 ,独立主格结构增添叙事活力例如： She saw the bear approaching quickly, her legs shaking.He walked into the classroom with joy, his hands holding the prize high.She didnt know how to answer her son, her heart broken.7
23、 .垂悬分词让表达更紧凑例如：Speaking of the plan of the journey, the children were always filled with joy and hope as well.Judging from her clothes, we know that she was still worried and had no interest in makeup. 二、利用分词整合续写语篇的策略举例在整合读后续写语篇的过程中，我们可以利用分词结构，进一步优化句子表达，让叙事、描写、抒情 更加有力度。（2020, 新高考 I 卷）The Meredith fa
24、mily lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal
25、of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and coul
26、d not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy -his name was Bernard-had interested her very much.“I wish you could see him,“ she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I dont see what he can do.”After
27、 their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. I wish we could help him to earn money,“ said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.“So do IJ said Harry. We really should do something to assist them.For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and
28、 cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish（完成）The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. I tell you what we can do J said John. You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn（
29、爆米 花），and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.” 注意：1 .续写词数应为150左右：2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。When Mrs. Meredith heard of John*s idea, she thought it was a good one, too.With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.文章讲述了热心的Mrs. Meredith与孩子们得知Be
30、rnard家的生活困难后，想方法帮助他挣钱补贴 家用 的故事。文章给出的局部讲到Mrs. Meredith的三个孩子想出“做爆米花去卖”的主意，后面的内 容那么需要我们去续写。根据给定的续写段落的两个首句，我们可以推断续写段 落1的内容应包括：三个 孩子积极准备，最后成功邀请Bernard加人卖爆米花的活动中；而续写段落2的内容那么应包括：Bernard 卖爆米花的过程，以及他的感受。在叙事的过程中，我们可以在文中灵活运用分词状语结构，让续写语篇 的整体表达效果得到提升。例如：Paragraph 1:When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea, she tho
31、ught it was a good one, too. Having exchanged glances with Mrs. Meredith, John immediately arranged different tasks for Harry and Clara. Harboring great excitement, Harry and Clara ran out, intending to borrow a popcorn machine. And John, overwhelmed with joy loo, dashed to Bernards home. It was in
32、a flash that John found Bernard, and told him his plan. Dont hesitate to join us, contributing to some family income.John added, voice laden with expectation. Facing this gracious invitation, Bernard was at a loss for what to say. No sooner had he nodded than John grasped his hand and dragged him aw
33、ay.Later, these children got together at Johns home and started to make popcorn.Paragraph 2:With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. At the beginning, characterized by the shyness, Bernard failed to sell some popcorn.However, encouraged by John, he gradually gain courage and s
34、old some popcorn successfully. With time going by, Bernard attracted a large quantity of people. Therefore, it didnt take long before Bernard sold all his popcorn. Seeing the money brought by his labor, he couldnt help jumping with excitement. The next two minutes witnessed the boy run jumping to Mr
35、s.Meredith. “Thank you, Mrs. Meredith.Bernard said simply in front of this Lady, eyes seeming to shine with tears. “Boy, its also a pleasure to help you. Go home to help your father, said the kind women, face radiating boundless love.-上述范文中划横线的分词状语有效地传达了有关动作、情感以及特征等信息，同时也丰富了句式结构, 为续写语篇增色、增效。续写语篇中分词状
36、语的使用策略导引分词状语源语篇典型例句续写中可能用的的句子动作类心理类情感类垂悬分词独立主格结构1. （2022.河北保定二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的 短文。An Encounter in a Department StoreCandle holders, picture frames and so on surrounded me in a household goods store. While my husband and I waited for construction to be finished in our new house, I
37、 enjoyed seeking decorating ideas. A figurine on one of the shelves attracted my attention, and I picked it up. It was beautiful, made of cast bronze. A woman was dancing with a young girl, their faces caught in a moment of pure joy, and the girl looked up lovely at what could only be her mother.Mem
38、ories flooded in I remembered my daughter, Laura, my son, Glenn, and me dancing around the living room. I was a nurse, which meant long shifts at the hospital, so I cherished these moments with my kids. Having so fun J as Laura used to say.I could see both of my children now 一 Glenn dancing to the r
39、ecord player as Laura spun round and round. Time had passed in the blink of an eye. Now my husband and I were moving out of the house theyd grown up in. Laura has children of her own and works as a designer. Glenn also works in a design company.I had to buy it, and knew just where Id put it in the n
40、ew house. It would be put on the side of the fireplace in the living room. Only one thing could make my purchase more perfect: if this figurine were part of a set, the other piece of a mother dancing with a boy. It was possible Id find one.Determined, I searched the entire store. I carefully scanned
41、 every shelf. There was no companion figurine anywhere, nor a salesperson to help me. Maybe the cashier will know, I thought. I headed to the registers. As I stood in the checkout line, I spotted an older woman walking quickly with something like a figurine in one of her hands.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如
42、下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。I stepped aside, so the woman could get past.I asked the cashier about the woman helping me.【参考范文】I stepped aside, so the woman could get past. But when she suddenly stopped in front of me, 1 saw that she was holding a figurine similar to mine. To my surprise, she held it out to me. I
43、t was a woman,| a boy dancing witheven to say thank you, the woman walked away with smiles.1 asked the cashier about the woman helping me. Does she work in the store?” I asked. The cashier said her name was Maiy Mary doesnt work here but she is very warm-hearted and often helps customers choose the
44、right goods. Before I left the store, I took another look around fbr the woman whod sent me back to happy memories of my children. I found her at last and showed my sincere thanks to her.【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在百货公司看到了一个很喜欢的小雕像，但这个小雕像 是一套的一局部，另一件是一个母亲与一个男孩跳舞，作者发现另一个被一个上了年纪的妇女拿到了。还 没等作者开口，妇女就把雕塑给了作者，让
45、作者很意外。1 .段落续写：由第一段首句内容“我让开了，让那个女人过去。”可知，第一段可描写女人把雕像给作者的经过。 由第二段首句内容“我向收银员询问了帮助我的那个女人。”可知，第二段可描写作者向店员了解这个女 人以及对女人的感谢。2 .续写线索：女人给作者雕像作者惊讶询问收银员了解女人情况作者感悟.词汇激活行为类拿着：hold/cany寻找：look for/search for选择：choose/select情绪类惊讶：surprise /astonishment快乐：happy /joyful【典型句式】句型 1 But when she suddenly stopped in fron
46、t of me, I saw that she was holding a figurine similar to mine.（运 用了 when引导时间状语从句）句型 2 Before I left the store, I took another look around for the woman whod sent me back to happy memories of my children.（运用了 who引导定语从句）2. （2022.河北.模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的 短文。Teenagers love to stay in
47、close contact, but only when its through our phones and almost never in person. Without phones, our relationships are frail （脆弱的）.We may have 600 followers on social media, but only a few who we can call true friends. We make friends quickly, but lose them just as fast. We dont know the real meaning
48、 of human connections. I fell prey to this rule as well. But all changed when I began volunteering.rd signed up to help out at a childrens rehabilitation （康复）hospital. I was full of fear. Id never interacted closely with anyone with a disability. Though I thought of myself as an acceptable, open-minded person, I was worried.I wondered if children who may never speak, who may never be responsive, cannot make meaningful human connections. How would we be able to understand each other if we could not speak?” I wond