《高一英语必备知识点总结归纳三篇.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高一英语必备知识点总结归纳三篇.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2021最新高一英语必备知识点总结归纳三高一英语必备学问点有哪些？为了关心同学们更好的学习 高一英语学问，下面就是我给大家带来的高一英语必备学问点总结, 盼望能关心到大家！高一英语必备学问点归纳总结1一.直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人 的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必需放 在引号内，间接引语那么不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引 语局部变成宾语从句外，还必需对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代 词、时间状语、地点状语等进行转变。1 .时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动 词said, asked等的影响而使用过去
2、化的时态，即把原来的时态向过 去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行 时，等等。例如：Tom said tome/My brother is doing hishomework/rarr;Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2 .人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可
3、用if等词Heated, water changes into steam.Given another chance, he will do better.表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从 句。Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或状况。Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.The trainer appeared, followed by five little
4、 dogs.倒装句：一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.铃声响了。Then came the chairman .主席来了。Here is your letter.你的信。二、否认词置于句首，句子应进行倒装。neither放句首 Tod cant swim, neither can I.托德不会游泳，我也io不会。用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time,
5、 not only, not once, many a time 等词开头的句子。Never shall I go there again.我再也不去那了。Little did he know who the woman was .他基本上 不知道那女人是谁。Seldom was he late for class ,他很少上学迟到。用于 no sooner . than hardly. when. 和 not until.的句型中Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.我刚到车站，火车就离开了。No sooner had sh
6、e gone out than the phone rang.她刚离开, 就响了。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.直到老师来，他才完成作业。三、用于only放句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句 的句子。Only in this way can you master English well. 只有这种方法，你才能学好英语。Only that time did he do his homework.直至 ll明 B个时间，他才做作业。iiOnly when he told me did I realize what tr
7、ouble I was in.省略句：一、省略的目的省略多见于非正式文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种普遍的 现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：1 .避开重复，削减累赘。省略的主要目的是避开重复，去掉 不必要的累赘和繁琐。Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidntcome to school toseemethenextday.Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidnt.（省掉最终九个词，句子简洁了很多）2 .连接紧密，结构紧凑省略也是使上下文
8、紧密连接的一种 修辞手段。John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.（Bob后省略了 was the winner,句子结构显得比拟紧凑） 3.强调重点，突出信息省略的另一作用是突出新的信息 Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud.后一分句 省略谓语speaks,突出了 too loud）二、句子成分的省略12为了避开重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某 些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。1 .省略主语Beg your pardon,请你原谅。(=I beg your pardon.)Serves yo
9、u right.你?舌该(二 It serves you right.)2 .省略谓语Anything the matter? 要紧吗？(二 Is anything the matter?)The river was deep and the ice thin.河很深，冰 很薄。(=The river was deep and the ice was thin.).省略表语Are you ready? Yes,Iam.(am后面省略 了表语ready)3 .省略宾语We have to analyze and solve problems, (analyze 后省略了宾语problems)Le
10、ts do the dishes. Ill wash and youll dry.(wash 和dry后面省略了宾语dishes)4 .省略定语He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.(the rest 后面省略了 定语 of the money)135 .省略状语(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.省略在句子中的应用在一个句子中，省略可分为依靠上下文省略和不依靠上下文 省略两种。前者省略的局部可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。1 .简洁句中的省略依靠上下文的省略在对话中最为常用。L
11、ike more beer?(= Would you like more beer?) mdash;World you mind if I used your telephone? mdash;Not at all. 一点也不。(=I do not mind at all.) mdash;Will he pass this examination?Probably.也许会的。(= He will probably pass the examination.)不依靠于上下文的省略。All aboard!请上船(二 All go aboard.省略谓语) Havent seen you for a
12、ges!(省略主语 I) What about having a game of chess?Sounds like a good idea.2 .并列句中的省略(=lt sounds like a good idea.省略主语) Everybody appears well prepared.14(= Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式to be)并列句中假如前后分句有相同的局部，经常可以省略掉，以 避开重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、宾语或其他万分，或句 子万分的一局部。省略消失在后一分句John likes collecting
13、stamps but (John) hates listening to music.(省略主语)省略消失在前一分句We can (win tomorrows match), and certainly will,win tomorrows match.我们能够，而且肯定会在明天的竞赛中获胜。(前一分句省 略谓语+宾语)前后两个分句都消失省略They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.复合句中的省略在主从复合句中，活力的现象是很普遍的。省略主句的句首局部。(Im)Sorry I couldnt go.省略整个主句
14、或主句的一局部(回答下列问题时常用)。(It is a)Pity hes failed.If he says hell come, he will(come).153 .在一些状语从句中，假如谓语动词是be,主语又和主句 的主语全都，或者主语是it,经常可以把从句中的主语和be省 略掉。以 when, while, once, until等连词引导的时间状语 从句。When （you are） in Rome do as Rome does. AH 问禁，入乡随俗。4 .在比拟从句中通常把和主句重复的局部省掉。省略谓语的全部James enjoys the theeartre more tha
15、n Susun.Tom has as many books as Jack.省略主语和谓语的一局部Brown speaks French as fluently as English, （as 后省略了 he speaks）省略表语局部Mrs White is not so young as she looks.（looks 后省略了 young）省略主语和谓语的大局部，保存状语He is working harder than before.（than 后省略了 he worked hard）省略主语He drank a little more than was good for him.（
16、than后省略了 it）省略宾语16You spent more money than I had expected.(expected 后省略了 that you should spend)省略从句的全部You are getting slimmer. simmer 后省电各了 than you were before)主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).17依据意义进行相应的变化，例如:She asked Jack/Where have you been?rarr;She asked Jack
17、where he had been.He said/These books are mine/rarr;He said that those books were his.（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是由于 原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接 引语假如是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if;假如是特别疑问句, 那么用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked,可以在其后加 上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如：She said/ls your father at home?rarr;She asked me if/wheth
18、er my father was at home.“What do you do every Sunday?My friend askedme.rarr;My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.直接引语假如是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动 词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面依据原句的语气（即恳 求或命令）加上ask, tell, order等动词，假如祈使句为否认式，那么在 不定式前加 noto 其句型为：ask / tell / order someone （not） to do something.例如：She said to
19、us/Please sit down/rarr;She asked us to sit down.He said to him/Go away!”rarr;He ordered him to go away.He said, Donrsquo;t make so much noise, boys.”rarr;He told the boys not to make so much noise.二.各种时态的被动语态被动语态概述被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之 间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例 如：They saw the little boy c
20、rying by the river.被动语态 表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.被动语态的构成被动语态的形式是由助动词be+动词的过去分词构成。助 动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态 的被动语态形式如下：1. 一般现在时am/is/are +过去分词例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.2. 一般过去时was/were +过去分词例如：These trees were planted the year beforelast.3. 一般将
21、来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词例如：A sports meeting will be held next weekin our school.4. 现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词例如：Your radio is being repaired now.5. 过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词When he got there, the problem was beingdiscussed.6. 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词His work has been finished.Has his work been fin
22、ished? Yes, it has. / No,it hasnrsquo;t.7. 过去完成时had + been +过去分词留意：1 .除了 be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their questions havenrsquo;t got answered.2 .含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用情态动词+be +过去分词结构。例如：More attention should be paid to the old inthis country.This work canrsquo;t be done until Mr. Blackcomes.3
23、 .含有be going be to等结构的谓语，其被动 语态分别用“be goingto+ be+过去分词和be to +be +过去分词。例如：The problemisgoingtobe discussed atthenext meeting.All these books are to be taken to the library.4 .被动语态与系表结构的区分：连系动词+用作表语的过 去分词构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以应留意 它们的区分。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作;系表结构 中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by引出 动作的执行者，而后
24、者那么不行以。例如：The map was changed by someone.（被动结构）That custom remained unchanged for manycenturies.（系表结构）系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰0例如：He was very excited.（系表结构）He was much excited by her words.（被动结构）5 .主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味, 如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write 等。止匕时句子的 主语一般是物
25、。例如：These books sell well.这些书很畅销。The door wonrsquo;t shut. 这门关不上。The clothes wash well.这些衣服很好洗。高一英语必备学问点归纳总结21 .be good to 对 hellip;hellip;友好 be good for 对 hellip;hellip;有益;be bad tohellip;/be bad forhellip;2 .add up加起来增加add up to合计，总计addhellip;to 把 hellip;hellip;力口到 hellip;hellip;3 .nothellip;until
26、/till 意思是“直到 hellip;才4 .get sth/sb done 使 hellip;hellip;完成/使某人被 hellip;hellip;5 .calm down安静下来6 .be concerned about 关怀，关注7 .当while,when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句中的 主语与主句的主语全都时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose.8 .cheat in the exam_.go through经受;度过;获准，通过9 .hide awa
27、y隐藏;隐蔽.set down写下，登记12.1 wonder ifhellip;我不知道是不是 hellip;12.on purpose 有意13.sth happen to sb某人发生某事sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事it so happened thathellip;hellip;正好 碰巧14.lt is the first(secondhellip;)thathellip;(从句谓语动词 用现在完成时)5.in onersquo;s power 处于 hellip;hellip;的掌握之中1 6.ltrsquo;s no pleasure doinghelli
28、p;做 hellip;没有乐趣ltrsquo;s no good/use doing sth.做某事是没好处/没用 的2 7.She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.it 做形式宾语8.suffer from 患 hellip;病;患病19.sohellip;thathellip;/suchhellip;thayhellip;.get tired ofhellip;对 hellip;感到劳累疲乏20 .have some trouble with sb/sth,在 hellip;hellip;上遇 到
29、了麻烦.get along with sb/sth .与某人相处21 .ask(sb)for advice.(向某人)征求建议24.make后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to的不定式、 形容词、过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式：make sb.do sth.让（使）某人做某事make sb./sth.+adj.使某人/物 hellip;make sb./oneself+v-ed 让某人/自己被 hellip;When you speak,you should make yourself understood.make sb.+n.使某人成为 hellip;25.alone /lonel
30、y.单独的/孤独的26.1 would be grateful ifhellip;委婉客气提出恳求27.Why not dohellip;=why donrsquo;t you dohellip;高一英语必备学问点归纳总结3一、过去分词过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受 状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中 可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的 用法。1 .作定语作定语的过去分词假如是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面; 过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：There are many fallen leaves on
31、the ground.This is a book written by a worker.2 .作表语过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态。I was pleased at the news.The door remained locked.过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。过去分词作表语时，应留意与被动结构的区分。系表结构说 明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构强调谓语动
32、作。The small village is surrounded by trees.（状态）The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers动作）Im interested in chess.（状态）3 .过去分词做状语表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可 加连词when或while来强调时间概念。Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Pa rty.表缘由，相当于一个缘由状语从句。Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.