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1、2020-2021学年南洋模范中学高二下期末考试英语卷ILGrammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use o
2、ne word that best fits each blank.Does City Living Hurt Mental Health?People often move to cities 1 better jobs and more cultural activities. But are they putting 2 at risk? Maybe.Experts at the American Psychiatry Association say that natural environments or green spaces“ do much fbr good our menta
3、l health and 3 (experience) nature helps people recover from the mental tiredness that comes from day-to-day work.On the other hand. 4 they cannot say exactly why, mental health experts say some research suggests that city living might hurt our mental health.Andrea Mechelli is a doctor with the Inst
4、itute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London. There have been studies 5 people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment, and their symptoms would improve. And we also see that the greater the city the greater the risk.”Kings College researchers, along with city planners and la
5、nd and building designers hoped 6 (learn) more about city living and mental illness. So, they created a smart phone app called Urban Mind. They say they wanted to understand 7 different parts of the urban environment affect mental well being.The Urban Mind app 8 your experience of city living in the
6、 moment. Researchers collected real time information from 108 people, who answered just over 3,000 questions during a one-week period.The researchers found that being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature 9 (associate)with higher levels of menta
7、l well-being.They also found that these seeming effects of nature were especially strong in those individuals at greater risk of mental health problems.The Urban Mind Project team says it hopes “the results will inform future urban planning and social policy 10 (intend) to improve design and health.
8、Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A delivered B management C overlookedD.productsE.rural F. shifted2020-2021学年南洋模范中学高二下期末考试英语卷ILGrammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Aft
9、er reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Does City Living Hurt Mental Health?Peopl
10、e often move to cities 1better jobs and more cultural activities. But are theyputting 2 at risk? Maybe.Experts at the American Psychiatry Association say that natural environments or green spaces“ do much fbr good our mental health and 3 (experience) nature helps people recover from the mental tired
11、ness that comes from day-to-day work.On the other hand. 4 they cannot say exactly why, mental health experts say some research suggests that city living might hurt our mental health.Andrea Mechelli is a doctor with the Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College London.“There have been studies 5 people
12、 were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment, and their symptoms would improve. And we also see that the greater the city the greater the risk.Kings College researchers, along with city planners and land and building designers hoped 6 (learn) more about city living and mental ill
13、ness. So, they created a smart phone app called Urban Mind. They say they wanted to understand 7 different parts of the urban environment affect mental wellbeing.The Urban Mind app 8 your experience of city living in the moment. Researchers collected real time information from 108 people, who answer
14、ed just over 3,000 questions during a one-week period.The researchers found that being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature 9 (associate)with higher levels of mental well-being.They also found that these seeming effects of nature were especiall
15、y strong in those individuals at greater risk of mental health problems.The Urban Mind Project team says it hopes the results will inform future urban planning and social policy 10 (intend) to improve design and health.”【答案】1. for 2. themselvesexperiencing3. though/althoughwhere 6. to learn7. how 8.
16、 measureswere associated9. intended【分析】这是一篇议论文。本文通过围绕在城市生活会影响人的精神吗这个话题展开，研究 人员还使用了 “城市思维”这个应用程序可以测量人们当下的城市生活体验。研究人员发现 了自然环境对精神健康水平有影响。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：人们经常为了更好的工作和更多的文化活动而搬到城市。根据句子意思, 人们经常搬到城市，是为了更好的工作和文化活动，这里表示一种目的，故填for。【2题详解】考查反身代词。句意：但他们是在把自己置于危险之中吗？也许吧。短语put oneself at risk, 表示使某人自己处于危险之中。根据主语是the
17、y,故填themselves。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：美国精神病学协会的专家表示，“自然环境或绿色空间”对我们的 精神健康大有裨益，体验自然有助于人们从日常工作带来的精神疲劳中恢复过来。因为空格 前有and作并列连词，所以后面是一个句子，句中有谓语动词helps,缺少主语、所以 experiencing在这里要充当主语，故填experiencingo【4题详解】考查连词。句意：另一方面，虽然他们不能确切地说出原因，但心理健康专家说，一些研究 说明，城市生活可能会损害我们的心理健康。根据they cannot say判断是表示让步的句子, 可以用though/although引导让步状
18、语从句，故填though/althougho【5题详解】考查定语从句。句意：有研究说明，人们从城市环境被带到农村环境，他们的病症会改善。 分析句子成分，There have been studies where people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment 中有一个定语从句，先行词是 studies, people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment 是一个完整的句子，主语是 people, 谓语是 were
19、 taken out of,宾语是an urban environment,分析句意可知缺少地点状语，故填where0【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：国王学院的研究人员、城市规划者、土地和建筑设计师希望更多地 了解城市生活和精神疾病。短语hopetodosth.,希望做某事，todo表示目的，故填tolearn。【7题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们说，他们想了解城市环境的不同局部是如何影响心理健康的。根 据句子意思，他们想要明白不同的城市环境怎样影响心理健康，how 怎么样，如何”，故 填 howo【8题详解】考查动词及时态。句意：“城市思维”应用程序可以测量你当下的城市生活体验。分析句子
20、成分可知，measure为谓语动词，再根据主语是The Urban Mind app,时态是一般现在时，故 填 measures o【9题详解】考查动词及语态。句意：研究人员发现，呆在户外，看树，听鸟叫，看天空，感受大自然, 这些都与较高的精神健康水平有关。The researchers found that后面是一个宾语从句，在宾语 从句中，主语是 being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature,所以接下来所给动词为谓语动词，此句时态是一般过去
21、时，且用被动语态，故 填 were associated o【10题详解】考查过去分词做定语。句意：“城市心智”工程团队表示，他们希望“研究结果将为未来旨 在改善设计和健康的城市规划和社会政策提供信息。”根据句子结构来看,intend充当policy 的后置定语,相当于which is intended to，表示旨在,故填intended。【点睛】第4小题考查了 though/although用法。though, although引导让步状语从句时,后 面的主句不能有but, however,但是可与yet, still连用。1 .although和though同义,在一般情况下,可以互换使
22、用。只是though较普遍，常用于非 正式的口语或书面语中，而although那么较为正式。另外although语气比though重，常用以 强调让步概念。e.g. Though/Although my car is very old, I dont want to buy a new one.同义句： My car is very old, but I don*t want to buy a new one.虽然我的汽车很旧，但我不想买一辆新的。2 .even能和though组合表示强调，但even不能和although组合。因此，不能说even although,在这里 even thou
23、gh=even if (no matter if thou 使也)e.g. Even if/Even though we could afford it, we wouldnt go abroad for our vacation.即使我们付得起这笔钱，也不出国度假。3 .当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用though而不用althougho e.g. Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion. 就算全世界都反对我，我还是坚持我的立场。4 .though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为a
24、ll the same还是；仍然)或however (可 是；然而),而although无此用法。e.g. She didn*t tell me what she had done, but I know it though.她没有告诉我她所做的事情，但我还是知道了。5 .although和though引导让步状语从句时，常采用省略形式。e.g. Although tired (=Although he was tired) , he kept on working.虽然很疲劳，但他继续工作。Section BDirections:Complete the following passage
25、by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A deliveredB management C overlooked D.productsE.ruralF. shiftedG.strategiesH.sufficientI. tremendousJ.urbanisationK.worstNational governments neglecting development needs of citiesNational
26、governments around the world are neglecting the needs of their major cities with non-existent or inadequate development policies, a new report has found. National governments are key to making cities more sustainable, because cities are limited distinctly in the policy measures they can take for the
27、mselves, the report points out. However, only a quarter of the worlds governments have urban development policies at all, and most of those that do exist are far from 11 to make cities sustainable.The report looks at the key measures of energy production, transport, waste 12 and infrastructure(基石出建设
28、)，For instance, putting in adequate public transport can transform the lives of citizens and the carbon footprint of the cities they live in. Encouraging the use of electric vehicles above petrol-driven cars can also have a(n) 13 effect, not just on greenhouse gas emissions but also on removing some
29、 of the key causes of air pollution.The report, from the Stockholm Environment Institute and the Coalition for Urban Transitions and funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies, suggests national governments have14 the needs of their major cities even when they have in place national policies on issues such
30、as climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.Derik Broekhoff of the Stockholm Environment Institute,the lead author of the study, saidNow is the time fbr national governments to put cities at the heart of their national development 15. Countries must consider whatpolicies need to be 16 in order to
31、 ensure their countries and cities are prepared for the unprecedented 17 and climate challenges the world is facing.”Cities around the world are facing rapid population growth, and are likely to be among the areas 18 hit by dramatic climate change, in part because many are at risk of rising sea leve
32、ls, floods and droughts. For most of human history, the 19 population was greater than those of cities, and it is only in just over the last decade that this balance has 20 with most of the worlds populations now living in urban centres, a trend that is expected to speed up even further.【答案】U.H 12.
33、B13.114. C15. G 16. A17. J18. K19. E20. F【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了一份新报告发现，世界各国政府由于没有或不充 分的开展政策而忽视了主要城市的需求。报告指出，各国政府是使城市更具可持续性的关 键，因为城市可以为自己采取的政策措施明显有限。然而，世界上只有四分之一的政府有 城市开展政策，而且大多数已经存在的政策远远缺乏以使城市可持续开展。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，世界上只有四分之一的政府有城市开展政策，而且大多数已经 存在的政策远远缺乏以使城市可持续开展。分析句子可知，空前farfrom 远非，完全 不”为副词，副词修饰形容词，可知空
34、格处为形容词作表语。Sufficient “足够的”为形容 词，符合句意。应选H项。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：该报告着眼于能源生产、交通运输、废物管理和基础设施的关键指标。 分析句子可知，空前以及空后and连接的infrastructure都为名词，故空格处为名词形式作 宾语，management “管理”为名词，符合句意。应选B项。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：鼓励使用电动汽车，而不是汽油驱动的汽车，也可以产生巨大的影 响，不仅对温室气体排放，而且可以消除空气污染的一些关键原因。分析句子可知，空后 effect为名词，此处应为形容词修饰名词，tremendous “巨大的”为形容词，符
35、合句意。故 选I项。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：各国政府忽视了大城市的需求，即使它们在气候变化和温室气体排放等 问题上制定了国家政策。根据空后the needs of their major cities n为名词短语可知，空格 处为动词形式，和助动词have一起构成完成时态。overlooked，忽视”为动词，符合句 意。应选C项。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：他说：“现在是各国政府把城市放在国家开展战略中心的时候了。分析 句子可知，空格处为。f介宾短语组成的一局部，应为名词形式作宾语。Strategies “战略” 为名词，和前面development构成“开展战略”，符合句意。应选G项
36、。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：各国必须考虑需要实施哪些政策，以确保他们的国家和城市为世界面临 的前所未有的城市化和气候挑战做好准备。根据need to be done 需要被做某事”为固定 短语可知，此处为过去分词的填入，delivered ”发表，宣布”为过去分词，符合句意。故 选A线。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：各国必须考虑需要实施哪些政策，以确保他们的国家和城市为世界面临 的前所未有的城市化和气候挑战做好准备。分析句子可知，空前unprecedented 前所未有 的”为形容词以及and连接的climate challenges名词，此处应为名词形式作宾语， urbanisation
37、 “城市化”为名词，符合句意。应选J项。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：世界各地的城市正面临着人口的快速增长，而且很可能成为受剧烈气候 变化影响最严重的地区之一，局部原因是许多城市面临着海平面上升、洪水和干旱的风 险。分析句子可知，空后hit为动词形式，故空格处为副词修饰动词hit, worst “最严重 地”为副词，符合句意。应选K项。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：在人类历史上的大局部时间里，农村人口多于城市人口，直到最近十 年，这种平衡才发生变化，现在世界上大多数人口都生活在城市中心，预计这一趋势将进 一步加快。分析句子可知，空后population为名词，故空格处为形容词修饰名词， ru
38、ral “农村的”为形容词，符合句意。应选E项。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：在人类历史上的大局部时间里，农村人口多于城市人口，直到最近十 年，这种平衡才发生变化，现在世界上大多数人口都生活在城市中心，预计这一趋势将进 一步加快。分析句子可知，空前this balance以及空后most of the worlds populations都为名 词可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，构成主谓宾，shifted 交换，转换”为动词，和介词 with构成shifted with 与交换”，符合句意。应选F项。III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For
39、each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Online deception is now so commonplace that criminal gangs are using it as part of a wider range of activities to make money out of the public.
40、 Theres been a rapid normalisation of online as people see how 21 it can be. You see the industry adjusting to fight against that J says Downey, security lead at payment company Braintree.This was made 22 in May this year when there was an unparalleled attack on thousands of computer systems around
41、the world, after a worm, named WannaCry, attacked computers in more than 150 countries, with payments of $300-$600 to restore access. There were an estimated 45,000 attacks across the UK, Russia, Ukraine, India, China, Italy, Egypt andbeyond, with major companies 23.One of the reasons these attacks
42、spread so 24 is that businesses and consumers dont update their software on a regular basis. Downey 25 it to a situation in which a car is left in a garage and a thief tries all of the doors to see if one has been left unlocked: People dont realize they are leaving that proverbial car unlocked becau
43、se they dont understand the nature of these26 attacks.”At the heart of the problem is the 27 of organized crime. Criminals can also be an expert at business. They dont want just one trick to bring in all of their income; it may be28, they may have a slow month and then theyll have a cash flow proble
44、m,“ says Downey.Hacks and the threat of information theft have led to a(n) 29 of e-commerce among some of the population, says Downey. To fight that unease, simple measures need to be adopted by retailers(零售商)in order to maintain the publics trust. 30 this can be achieved by ensuring they create a t
45、rustworthy environment for consumers, such as by serving websites through SSL, which establishes a secure and connection between the 31 and business.But for both businesses and consumers, one simple thing remains 32: those who cankeep both their security up to date and their passwords secure will be
46、 ahead of the crowd, says Downey. You will then be far ahead of the curve of the average business or consumer.”So dont use variations of one password on lots of 33, If criminals hack a databasewith your log-in permit, they will then be able to 34 your passwords on other accounts Make sure your passw
47、ords have lots of characters and include numbers, symbols and capital letters. 35 obvious dictionary words, and importantly make each of your passwords completely different.21. A. boringB.surprising22. A. evidentB.infectious23. A.updatedB.24. A.moderatelyB.gradually25. A paresB.26. A.personalB.surpr
48、ising27. A. varietyB.detection28. A. thrown awayB.profitableC.mysteriousC.transformedC.easilyC.impliesC.targetedC.timingC.take inC.dangerousD.peculiarD.establishedD.infectedcautiouslyD.devotesD.limitsrandomD.punishmentD.shut downD.carriedoutout29. A. exhaustion30. A. For example summary 31. A. hacker32. A. unchanged avoidable33. A. curvesaccounts34. A. record35. A. Investigate Guarantee【答案】21. B 22. A30. A 31. B 32. AB.resultC.B.By comparisonC.B.customerC.B.varyingC.B.charactersC.B.suspendC.B.ConsultC.23. D24. B25. A33. D34. C35. Cdisappearance