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1、初中英语I实义动词I及物动词和不及物动词-及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词（transitiveverb ）。有的动词必 须接一个宾语，有的必须接两个宾语。如：L ”主+谓+宾”；I have a book.2 .“主+谓+双宾”；（双宾语：间接宾语和直接宾语）Mr Zhang teaches us English.（双宾语：us是间接宾语，English是直接宾语）3 .“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。也叫主谓复合宾语They asked me to go fishing.（me为宾语，不定式to go fishing是宾语补足语）二不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实
2、义动词，叫做不及物动词（intransitive verb ） o.”主+谓“结构。My watch stopped.1 .”主+谓+介词+宾语“结构。He is looking at me.*注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。三兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：a）意义不变。When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？（ leave作及物动词）They left last week.他们是上周离开的。（leave作不及物动词）b）意义不相同。Wash your hands before
3、meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗？四及物动词与不及物动词的区别.根据是否加宾语及物动词后加宾语；不及物动词后不直接加宾语，假设想加宾语，必须加介词。比方，”员工正在看表，可以翻译成：Employees are watching the clock. (V)或者：Employees are looking at the clock. (V)因为watch是及物动词,后面直接加宾语the clocko而look是不及物动词,后面必须加介词at后才可加宾语。1 .根据句子的语态及物动词有被动语态，和主动语态不及物动词有主动语态，没有被动语态。
4、比方：raise是及物动词,rise是不及物动词，两者均有上升的意思。房屋价格已然上升如果翻译成：The housing price has been raised. (V)The housing price has been rised. (x)2 .根据字典词性形式词是V-T (及物动词)，哪个词是V-I (不及物动词)。五及物动词与不及物动词的举例1.及物动词 admit, ask, allow, cause, call, consider, expect, encourage, get, have, intend, invite, keep, make, name, need, per
5、mit, prevent,see, set, stop, think, tell, want, watch, wish 等。及物动词后可直接跟一个 宾语、双宾语或复合宾语。1.充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。常接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, ask, choose, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, promise, plan, pretend, refuse, want, wish 等。常接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit, avoid, delay, deny, enjoy, es
6、cape, dislike, fancy, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest 等。 2.在含有双宾语的句子中，谓语动词后必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。间接宾语前常用 to 的动词有：bring, describe, explain, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, promise, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, throw 等。间接宾语前常用 for 的动词有：book, bri
7、ng, buy, choose, fetch, find, get, make, order, prepare, save 等。3 .在含有复合宾语的句子中，谓语动词后只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加一个补充成分来补充说明宾语。能充当宾语补足语的可以是名 词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。常跟复合宾语的动词有:admit, ask, allow, cause, call, consider, expect, encourage, get, have, intend, invite, keep, make, name, need, permit, prevent,see, set,
8、 stop, think, tell, want, watch, wish 等。【注】在主动语态中,一些动词（如：make, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel等使役动词和感官动词）后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定 式不带too但当这些动词（let除外）用于被动语态时，后面的不定式都需 加上too如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后可直接跟动名
9、词作宾语;如果这些词后有名词或代词作宾语，其后面要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即:allow / advise / forbid / permit doing sth. ; allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.。如：We don t allow smoking here.We don t allow students to smoke here.4 .大多数及物动词可以用于被动语态。【注】 常见的一些不能用于被动语态的固定短语有：succeed in, run out, go out, come up, come out, belong t
10、o, break out, die out, take part in, take place 等。2 .不及物动词 常见短语 succeed in, run out, go out, come up, come outz belong to, break out, die out, take part in, take place , look at 等。【注】常见的一些不能用于被动语态的固定短语有：succeed in, run out, go out, come up, come out, belong to, break out, die out, take part in, take
11、 place 等。3 .及物动词与不及物动词英语中绝对及物或绝对不及物的动词是很少的，大局部动词既可以用作 及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。这类动词有很多，如：answer / answer for, benefit / benefit from, pay /pay for, adjust / adjust to, attend / attend to, check / check in / check out, believe / believe inz call / call on 等。英语中有些动词在形式上是主动的，含义上却是被动的，其后面常跟一 些副词表示主语的基本性质和特征。常见的这类动词有：cook, close, last, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write 等。如：The windows close easily.The tomatoes sell well.